高升油田莲花油层主要砂体稠油中的酸性化合物

酸性化合物是辽河稠油的主要化学组成部分。对辽河盆地高升油田莲花油层沙三段４个主要砂体（４、５、６、７砂体）稠油样品的分子地球化学研究表明,其酸性化合在型包括饱和的直链脂肪酸、单甲基支链（异构－和反异构）脂肪酸、类型戊二稀酸、五环三萜类羧酸、甾烷类羧酸、单环芳构有机酸和酚、多环羧酸和少量的氮流化合物。饱和烃和酸性倾合物在各砂体中的存在和分布特征对比分析的结果表明,有机质的分布在各砂体中的变化不能简单     

Behaviour of a trial embankment on hydraulically placed pfa

The paper describes the performance of a 5.3-m trial embankment constructed on approximately 45 m of hydraulically placed pulverised fuel ash (pfa). It is planned to redevelop the 17-ha lagoon containing the pfa as a landfill. There is little variation in the particle size distribution of the uniformly graded silt sized pfa over the lagoon. However, the density of the pfa varies with depth with loose material underlying a denser surface layer, in a pattern that probably results from the water level in the lagoon during pfa deposition.

Settlement under the trial embankment was apparently largely complete by the end of the construction period (17 days), with approximately 300 mm of settlement under the crest of the embankment. The embankment settlement is significantly affected by compression of the loose layers within the deposit. Analysis of the problem using the conventional one-dimensional settlement method, and an m_v profile determined by CPT calibrated against laboratory tests gave a reasonable prediction of the embankment crest settlement.     

南大西洋海面风场时空特征分析

本文根据 1950 年~1995 年共 46a 的南大西洋船舶气象报资料,按 1°×1°和 5°×5°网格统计的海面风进行分析研究。通过分析每月各要素的等值线分布图,得出南大西洋海面风场季节变化不如北大西洋显著,但仍有较明显的季节变化,冬季比夏季强盛,相应的平均风速较大,6、8 级大风频率也较高。位于赤道和 25°S 之间的信风区,主要盛行东南风;副热带高压带,风速小,风向变化不定;35°S 以南的西风带风力较强。对这些规律的总结归纳,为该地区的各种活动提供了较为翔实的海面风场变化规律。     

克拉玛依六区——九区石炭系火山岩油藏岩性识别与岩相划分

根据克拉玛依石炭系火山岩岩屑录井描述、岩心薄片鉴定、常规测井资料,通过分析不同类型的火山岩对测井参数的敏感性和响应特征,用统计学方法研究常规测井参数与不同类型火山岩之间的对应关系,建立了电阻率、自然伽马与岩性关系图版。进一步研究了六区—九区石炭系火山岩的岩性、岩相特征、分布规律及与含油性的关系,为今后此类油藏的岩性识别与岩相研究提供了可借鉴的方法。     

A case study of the application of a microcomputer-based favorability evaluation system: Uranium exploration in the Alligator Rivers Uranium Field, Northern Territory, Australia

We have attempted to develop an expert system to evaluate the favorability of uranium exploration projects using the Data-directed Numerical Method (DdM). We developed the system for the Macintosh personal computer, so as to facilitate the iterative processes of trial and error inherent in the DdM. In a detailed case study, we use the above system to evaluate the favorability of the Alligator Rivers Uranium Field, Northern Territory, Australia. The favorability of the target area is evaluated by considering several exploration parameters related to the geological factors controlling ore formation. The selection of appropriate exploration parameters is important to the success of the method. We then selected 15 model cells to validate each exploration parameter and also to design the exploration model by the application of the chi-square test. The result of the favorability evaluation, as displayed by the developed system, indicates that our designed exploration model is acceptable. By employing the above processes we conclude that the system using the DdM is applicable as an exploration tool and is useful in establishing an exploration model.     

地震宏观震害调查的几点建议

地震宏观震害现场调查是研究地震影响场的主要手段。然而,如何进行并做好这一工作,对于一些研究人员,尤其是未曾经历过震害现场调查的青年研究者来说,是十分棘手的问题。本文旨在根据以往的地震震害现场调查经验,以及2008年5月12日汶川地震震害现场调查所得到的启示,提出几点可供地震震害现场调查参考的建议。     

Prediction and assimilation of surf-zone processes using a Bayesian network: Part II: Inverse models

A Bayesian network model has been developed to simulate a relatively simple problem of wave propagation in the surf zone (detailed in Part I). Here, we demonstrate that this Bayesian model can provide both inverse modeling and data-assimilation solutions for predicting offshore wave heights and depth estimates given limited wave-height and depth information from an onshore location. The inverse method is extended to allow data assimilation using observational inputs that are not compatible with deterministic solutions of the problem. These inputs include sand bar positions (instead of bathymetry) and estimates of the intensity of wave breaking (instead of wave-height observations). Our results indicate that wave breaking information is essential to reduce prediction errors. In many practical situations, this information could be provided from a shore-based observer or from remote-sensing systems. We show that various combinations of the assimilated inputs significantly reduce the uncertainty in the estimates of water depths and wave heights in the model domain. Application of the Bayesian network model to new field data demonstrated significant predictive skill (R² = 0.7) for the inverse estimate of a month-long time series of offshore wave heights. The Bayesian inverse results include uncertainty estimates that were shown to be most accurate when given uncertainty in the inputs (e.g., depth and tuning parameters). Furthermore, the inverse modeling was extended to directly estimate tuning parameters associated with the underlying wave-process model. The inverse estimates of the model parameters not only showed an offshore wave height dependence consistent with results of previous studies but the uncertainty estimates of the tuning parameters also explain previously reported variations in the model parameters.     

真空预压联合堆载预压加固软土地基现场试验研究

真空预压联合堆载预压是加固深厚软黏土地基的有效方法。本文开展了真空预压联合堆载预压的现场试验研究。在试验过程中监测了加固区域膜下真空度、地表沉降和孔隙水压力的时空变化规律。通过对试验数据的分析, 推算了真空预压联合堆载预压作用下地基的最终沉降量。依据平均固结度理论, 分别计算了基于应力形式和应变形式定义的地基平均固结度。结果表明, 不均匀沉降主要发生在堆载阶段。真空度随排水板深度的增加而衰减。基于应力和应变两种形式计算的地基平均固结度分别为90.2%和91.8%, 表明地基土在预压期间已完成了大部分沉降, 取得了理想的加固效果。     

辽宁绥中36-A油田东二段储层微观特征及其主控因素分析

辽宁绥中36-A油田是渤海海域亿吨级的大油田,古近系含油气层段主要集中在东二段。本文通过理论和实际相结合,物探和地质相结合,微观和宏观相结合,勘探和开发相结合,详细分析了该区东二段储层微观特征及其主控因素:东二段发育湖泊三角洲前缘亚相的有利储层相带。同时综合分析成岩作用,粘土矿物含量,温压场及流体充注等几个影响物性的重要方面,认清了该段发育侧向展布范围广、纵向厚度大,高孔高渗优质储层的根本原因。     

地震相分析技术在滨里海盆地AS油田沉积相分析中的应用

针对滨里海AS地区的勘探开发目标层系,运用人工神经网络和主组分分析等技术和方法,对研究区的地震反射波形变化特征及其反映的地质特征进行识别和分类,得到地震相图,应用主要地震相单元中单井相分析成果建立地震相与沉积相的对应关系,将地震相转化为沉积相.该方法弥补了单纯用钻井资料进行沉积相划分的缺陷,提高了沉积相划分精度.