天桥沟-黄羊川活动断裂带的几何学和运动学特征

依据１ ：５０ ０００ 地质填图资料,对天桥沟—黄羊川活动断裂带晚更新世以来的几何学和运动学特征进行了详细的论述．认为该断裂带可分为逆走滑（ 左旋） 的天桥沟断裂段和正走滑（ 左旋） 的黄羊川断裂段,其主要活动时期是晚更新世,滑动速率为４ ～５ ｍ ｍ／ａ ．全新世早期,该断裂带活动强度逐渐减弱,其最后一次活动的时间为距今０ ．７５９ ×１０４ ～１ ．０２ ×１０４ 年     

用水氡最大变化率法对强震时间作中短期预报

介绍了水氡变化率的物理含义以及变化率动态图象的生成方法,强震前在动态图象上存在着变化率≥０．０６高值异常区,异常区中心的最大变化率随时间有规律地演化,且与发震时间有着良好的统计关系。据此提出４个时间预测指标。检验性预测结果表明,预测的发震时间段长短大多数为２至６个月,可满足强震的中短期预报尺度的需要。     

Role of coal type and rank on methane sorption characteristics of Bowen Basin, Australia coals

The effect of coal composition, particularly the organic fraction, upon gas sorption has been investigated for Bowen Basin and Sydney Basin, Australia coals. Maceral composition influences on gas retention and release were investigated using isorank pairs of hand-picked bright and dull coal in the rank range of high volatile bituminous (0.78% R_{o max}) to anthracite (3.01% R_{o max}). Adsorption isotherm results of dry coals indicated that Langmuir volume (V_L) for bright and dull coal types followed discrete, second-order polynomial trends with increasing rank. Bright coals had a minimum V_L at 1.72% R_{o max} and dull coals had a minimum V_L at 1.17% R_{o max}. At low rank, V_L was greater in bright coal by about 10 cm³/g, but as rank increased, the bright and dull trends converged and crossed at 1.65% R_{o max}. At ranks higher than 1.65% R_{o max}, both bright and dull coals followed similar trends. These competing trends mean that the importance of maceral composition on V_L varies according to rank. In high volatile bituminous coals, increases in vitrinite content are associated with increases in adsorption capacity. At ranks higher than medium to low volatile bituminous, changes in maceral composition may exert relatively little influence on adsorption capacity. The Langmuir pressure (P_L) showed a strong relationship of decreasing P_L with increasing rank, which was not related to coal type. It is suggested that the observed trend is related to a decrease in the heterogeneity of the pore surfaces, and subsequent increased coverage by the adsorbate, as coal rank increases. Desorption rate studies on crushed samples show that dull coals desorb more rapidly than bright coals and that desorption rate is also a function of rank. Coals of lower rank have higher effective diffusivities. Mineral matter was found to have no influence on desorption rate of these finely crushed samples. The evolution of the coal pore structure with changing rank is implicated in diffusion rate differences.     

内蒙古呼伦湖表层沉积物的矿物组成和沉积速率

呼伦湖表层沉积物的取样和分析表明,沉积物主要由碎屑矿物和自生碳酸盐矿物组成。碳酸盐含量为10％—18％。碳酸盐沉积作用与湖水的较高含盐量和碳酸盐过饱和度有关。湖泊中心HL8号柱样的~(210)Pb测定结果是,10cm以上平均沉积速率0.25cm/a,10—12cm为0.05cm/a。60年代开始随湖泊水位上涨沉积物输入量迅速加大。     

伊乐藻等几种沉水植物的生物量和生产量测定以及竞争态势试验

对1993—1995年在东太湖边池塘中进行的伊乐藻等几种沉水植物的生物量、生产量测定以及竞争态势试验结果进行了分析,阐明了因收割方法不同,水草的单位面积产量及营养物质量不同;并以中位刈割方法为最佳;在竞争试验的环境条件下伊乐藻是优势种。     

斑石鲷(Oplegnathus punctatus)游泳性能研究

流速作为深远海养殖海区选址的重要依据,也是影响鱼类游泳能力的重要因素之一,为评价深远海养殖良种斑石鲷(Oplegnathus punctatus)的游泳能力,明确最适放养规格,分别以体重50、150、250、350g的斑石鲷为研究对象,利用鱼类游泳能力及运动消耗检测装置,在24℃条件下,解析了不同规格的斑石鲷在四种流速下的续航时间、暴发游泳速度(U_burst)、临界游泳速度(U_crit)和运动耗氧率(MO₂),并计算出其单位位移耗能(COT)和最适游泳速度(U_opt)。结果表明,鱼体规格和流速均会对实验鱼续航时间产生影响显著(P<0.001,F=25.401,df=1),50g斑石鲷在60cm/s流速下续航时间显著小于其他三种规格(P<0.05),在大于60cm/s流速下,四种规格斑石鲷续航时间均小于30min;250g和350g斑石鲷暴发游泳速度显著高于50g与150g(P<0.05);斑石鲷临界游泳速度与体重成正相关(R=0.96),不同规格下临界游泳速度存在显著差异(P<0.05);各规格实验鱼间最适游泳速度无显著差别(P>0.05)。以上结果表明,不同规格斑石鲷游泳能力存在显著差异,其中250g和350g斑石鲷耐流能力显著优于50g和150g。综上所述,斑石鲷在深远海海域进行陆海接力养殖时,建议放养250g以上规格,且养殖海域流速不超过60cm/s。     

pH胁迫对菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapes philippinarum)耗氧率、排氨率、免疫和抗氧化酶活性以及组织形态的影响

随着人类工业迅速发展, CO2大量排放,引起了海洋的酸化效应,不仅导致了全球气候变暖,也严重危害了海洋生物的生态健康。以菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapes philippinarum)为研究对象,研究pH变化对菲律宾蛤仔耗氧率、排氨率、鳃组织结构以及鳃和内脏团的免疫、抗氧化酶活性的影响。将菲律宾蛤仔置于酸化海水(pH 6.4、7.1和7.7)中,以自然海水(pH 8.1)为对照。结果表明:耗氧率和排氨率随着pH的升高或降低而降低,在pH=8时达到最大值; 6.4酸化组蛤仔鳃组织结构损伤严重,鳃丝间距扩大,纤毛黏合;鳃组织碱性磷酸酶(AKP)第42天所有酸化组活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05),所有酸化组溶菌酶(LZM)和酸性磷酸酶(ACP)活性显著低于对照组(P<0.05), 7.7酸化组超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性和总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)显著高于对照组(P<0.05),所有酸化组丙二醛(MDA)含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05);内脏团7.1和7.7酸化组LZM活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05),...     

Comparative assessment of nitrogen fixation rate by 15N2 tracer assays in the South China Sea

Nitrogen fixation is one of the most important sources of new nitrogen in the ocean and thus profoundly affects the nitrogen and carbon biogeochemical processes. The distribution, controlling factors, and flux of N₂ fixation in the global ocean remain uncertain, partly because of the lack of methodological uniformity. The 15N₂ tracer assay (the original bubble method → the 15N₂-enriched seawater method → the modified bubble method) is the mainstream method for field measurements of N₂ fixation rates (NFRs), among which the original bubble method is the most frequently used. However, accumulating evidence has suggested an underestimation of NFRs when using this method. To improve the availability of previous data, we compared NFRs measured by three 15N₂ tracer assays in the South China Sea. Our results indicate that the relationship between NFRs measured by the original bubble method and the 15N₂-enriched seawater method varies obviously with area and season, which may be influenced by incubation time, diazotrophic composition, and environmental factors. In comparison, the relationship between NFRs measured by the original bubble method and the modified bubble method is more stable, indicating that the N₂ fixation rates based on the original bubble methods may be underestimated by approximately 50%. Based on this result, we revised the flux of N₂ fixation in the South China Sea to 40 mmol/(m2·a). Our results improve the availability and comparability of literature NFR data in the South China Sea. The comparison of the 15N₂ tracer assay for NFRs measurements on a larger scale is urgently necessary over the global ocean for a more robust understanding of the role of N₂ fixation in the marine nitrogen cycle.     

吉林向海沼泽湿地典型剖面沉积及年代序列重建

沼泽湿地发育过程中堆积的各类沉积物真实地记录下区域环境演变与沼泽湿地发育过程。本文以无尾河下游漫流区——向海沼泽湿地为研究对象,对其典型沉积剖面结构、沉积物容重、年龄指标、沉积速率等多项沉积记录进行了综合剖析。结果表明：沼泽沉积物的层序关系可以揭示沼泽的形成途径及环境变化;溪边沼泽接受更多的矿质沉积物;1880-1885年该区域出现河道变迁的痕迹;向海沼泽湿地沉积速率与典型的河口三角洲类似,体现了河口尾端湿地的特点;近50年来,向海沼泽湿地沉积速率急剧上升,其原因可能与解放后该流域人类活动增强、植被破坏、水土流失严重有关,在时间上,与流域上游大型露天煤矿开采时段有较好的耦合性。     

武汉东湖主要湖区的藻类与营养型评价

对东湖９个湖区藻类的群落结构、生长潜力、初级生产力和营养状况进行了比较研究。结果表明,９个湖区藻类的种类组成无明显差异,绿藻为主,蓝藻和硅藻次之;藻类的生长潜力和初级生产力各湖区差异较大,均以茶港湾重污染区最高和牛巢湖最低。根据各项指标综合分析,９个湖区水质优劣的顺序是：牛巢湖、汤林湖、后湖、郭郑湖、菱角湖、筲箕湖、庙湖、喻家湖和茶港湾重污染区。对东湖的大水面郭郑湖４０年来藻类的有关参数进行比较发