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851.
金属矿物的反应动力学与地球化学意义 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
概述了动力学实验的技术方法和金属矿物的反应动力学研究进展。动力学实验使用的三种基本化学反应装置是间歇反应器(BR)、活塞流反应器(PFR)和混合流反应器(MFR),确定速率定律的数学方法包括积分法、微分法和混合法,以微分法中的初始速率法应用最广。目前主要研究了水溶液中黄铁矿氧化、黄铁矿和黄铜矿形成、晶质铀矿和磁铁矿溶解的速率定律和反应机理,发现:(1)酸性溶液中黄铁矿的氧化速率对Fe3+和O2浓度呈分数依赖并受表面反应的控制;(2)低于300℃时黄铁矿不能从溶液中直接成核,而需初始地通过FeS先驱物的硫化生成,FeS与H2S反应形成黄铁矿的速率方程为二级;(3)磁黄铁矿或黄铁矿与Cu2+反应均可形成黄铜矿,前者经历了一系列准稳的Cu Fe硫化物的中间物,后者的速率方程为表观一级并受表面反应的控制;(4)酸性pH时磁铁矿的非线性溶解行为可采用表面反应扩散输运耦合的收缩核模型(SCM)来描述。有关动力学实验成果完善和深化了对矿床中黄铁矿、黄铜矿的形成机理和风化壳中磁铁矿的稳定性等方面的认识。将来的实验研究将向更多的金属矿物和高温高压领域发展。 相似文献
852.
本文针对1990年至1999年福建及沿海中强以上地震和台湾7.0级以上地震,利用“八五”攻关的水化多层次跟踪预报方法,研究福建水氡台网观测资料的异常频次变化特征和演化过程,总结其相应的映震特征。 相似文献
853.
根据49处仰绍至东周古化遗址深数据 距今7000-2500年汾渭盆地内部的沉积人部的凸起地区沉一般小于凹陷地区,如渭河凹平均沉积速率为0.46mm/a临当凹陷的平均沉积速率为0.36mm/a,而潼凸起和襄汾凸起的沉积速率为0.20mm/a左右,分析各时代的沉积速率还发现,在仰绍之前渭河盆地内凹陷的沉积速率明显小于 仰绍之后,宝鸡凸起还由东周之前的相对下降变为相对上升,沉速度相对较大的地质单元往往 相似文献
854.
地震活动性参数b值和年发生率的一种取值方法 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
介绍了一种将历史地震与现代小震统计结果相协调,去不可靠或不稳定数据段确定地震活动性参数b值,以及通过不同震级下限地震频度的时间滑动分析,选取现今与历史相近,且具较高震级下限的统计结果,推算4级以上地震年发生度v4的方法。计算给出了东南沿海地震带及其南带,北带的b值和v4值。 相似文献
855.
856.
The clustered nucleation and growth processes of garnet in regional metamorphic rocks from north-west Connecticut,USA 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Serial sectioning and imaging with a flatbed scanner yielded the three-dimensional size and spatial distribution of garnet porphyroblasts in two garnet schists and one staurolite-bearing schist from the Everett Formation, north-west Connecticut. The dominant garnet-producing reaction in all samples was chlorite+quartz=garnet+H2O. The appearance of staurolite, and additional garnet growth in the staurolite-bearing sample, was due to the reaction chloritoid=garnet+staurolite+chlorite. Statistical measures of garnet spatial distributions, using the pair correlation function (PCF), indicate that garnet crystals are weakly to strongly clustered at length scales between 2 and 10 mm. Such clustered nucleation may reflect minor bulk compositional variations. Covariance measures between garnet size and nearest-neighbour distance, using the mark covariance function (MCF), suggest a very weak correlation between crystal size and nearest-neighbour distance for length scales of 2 mm or less. These statistical data suggest that if diffusional gradients were present around growing garnet crystals, they did not influence nucleation and growth patterns at length scales greater than c. 2 mm. Compositional maps, through the garnet centres, show that the smaller crystals have lower Mn core compositions relative to larger crystals, consistent with progressive nucleation during pro-grade metamorphism. Radius-rate plots calculated from compositional X-ray maps show similar growth rates for garnet crystals of different size, consistent with an interface-controlled growth model for garnet. The presence of minor diffusional gradients around growing garnet cannot be entirely dismissed, but the lack of observable reaction rims, the clustered spatial distribution and the radius-rate data are most consistent with an interface-controlled garnet growth model. 相似文献
857.
858.
用水氡最大变化率法对强震时间作中短期预报 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
介绍了水氡变化率的物理含义以及变化率动态图象的生成方法,强震前在动态图象上存在着变化率≥0.06高值异常区,异常区中心的最大变化率随时间有规律地演化,且与发震时间有着良好的统计关系。据此提出4个时间预测指标。检验性预测结果表明,预测的发震时间段长短大多数为2至6个月,可满足强震的中短期预报尺度的需要。 相似文献
859.
Role of coal type and rank on methane sorption characteristics of Bowen Basin, Australia coals 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
The effect of coal composition, particularly the organic fraction, upon gas sorption has been investigated for Bowen Basin and Sydney Basin, Australia coals. Maceral composition influences on gas retention and release were investigated using isorank pairs of hand-picked bright and dull coal in the rank range of high volatile bituminous (0.78% Ro max) to anthracite (3.01% Ro max). Adsorption isotherm results of dry coals indicated that Langmuir volume (VL) for bright and dull coal types followed discrete, second-order polynomial trends with increasing rank. Bright coals had a minimum VL at 1.72% Ro max and dull coals had a minimum VL at 1.17% Ro max. At low rank, VL was greater in bright coal by about 10 cm3/g, but as rank increased, the bright and dull trends converged and crossed at 1.65% Ro max. At ranks higher than 1.65% Ro max, both bright and dull coals followed similar trends. These competing trends mean that the importance of maceral composition on VL varies according to rank. In high volatile bituminous coals, increases in vitrinite content are associated with increases in adsorption capacity. At ranks higher than medium to low volatile bituminous, changes in maceral composition may exert relatively little influence on adsorption capacity. The Langmuir pressure (PL) showed a strong relationship of decreasing PL with increasing rank, which was not related to coal type. It is suggested that the observed trend is related to a decrease in the heterogeneity of the pore surfaces, and subsequent increased coverage by the adsorbate, as coal rank increases. Desorption rate studies on crushed samples show that dull coals desorb more rapidly than bright coals and that desorption rate is also a function of rank. Coals of lower rank have higher effective diffusivities. Mineral matter was found to have no influence on desorption rate of these finely crushed samples. The evolution of the coal pore structure with changing rank is implicated in diffusion rate differences. 相似文献
860.