珠江三角洲及其邻近海域第四纪地质与地震危险性

从第四纪地质研究的角度分析了珠江三角洲地区的地震危险性,认为北东,近东西和北西向三组断裂带把整个珠江三角洲断陷分割成７个次一级断块,并根据控制各次级断块的断裂第四纪活动性的强弱。     

On the potential importance of sulfur-induced activation of soot particles in nascent jet aircraft exhaust plumes

The chemical conversion of emitted SO₂ and SO₃ to gaseous H₂SO₄ in nascent aircraft exhaust plumes and subsequent adsorption of the fully oxidized sulfur species on the surfaces of emitted combustion aerosols (soot) is investigated. Results are presented for the mass fractions of SO₃ and H₂SO₄ acquired per soot particle early in the plume, suggesting that sulfur-induced activation is an efficient pathway to increase the ability of exhaust soot emitted at altitude to host heterogeneous chemical reactions and to trigger the formation of cirrus clouds.     

初始地壳的活化再造与金矿床密集区

前寒武纪古老变质基底是金矿床形成的物质基础,在初始地壳活化再造过程中受到过多次改造和再造,其中,金元素多次受到再分配。高级区花岗岩-绿岩带在活化改造和重熔再造的过程中表现出由麻粒岩相-角闪岩相-绿片岩相转化的退变质过程。这一过程使变质基底岩石中的金有一个预富集。在晚期（主要是燕山期）,岩浆-构造活动促使基底岩石中的金再次活化。在成矿围岩退化蚀变过程中,随岩石组分的转化,金得以再次聚集,并形成工业矿床。通过对几个金矿床密集区内的不同岩石类型含金丰度对比,表明地壳活化改造越强,金的矿化程度越高。     

Géométrie et cinématique post-oligocène des failles d'Aix et de la moyenne Durance (Provence,France)

The southern termination of the left-lateral ‘Moyenne Durance’ Fault (FMD) consists in several segments, some being connected to WSW-trending south-verging reverse faults. To the south, the Aix fault is reactivated in a post-Oligocene strike-slip movement showing that these two faults might belong to the same system. This system seems to transfer, in turn, slip to the east-trending, south-verging Trévaresse reverse fault, allowing southward propagation of the Alpine deformation front in western Provence. Fault kinematics analysis shows lateral stress field change between the two faults. Strike-slip stress state is characterized by an average N150°E trending σ1 near the FMD termination, whilst strike-slip and reverse faulting stress states show north-trending ${\sigma }_1$ to the south. To cite this article: P. Guignard et al., C. R. Geoscience 337 (2005).     

The role of the Pernicana Fault System in the spreading of Mt. Etna (Italy) during the 2002–2003 eruption

Flank instability and collapse are observed at many volcanoes. Among these, Mt. Etna is characterized by the spreading of its eastern and southern flanks. The eastern spreading area is bordered to the north by the E–W-trending Pernicana Fault System (PFS). During the 2002–2003 Etna eruption, ground fracturing along the PFS migrated eastward from the NE Rift, to as far as the 18 km distant coastline. The deformation consisted of dextral en-echelon segments, with sinistral and normal kinematics. Both of these components of displacement were one order of magnitude larger (~1 m) in the western, previously known, portion of the PFS with respect to the newly surveyed (~9 km long) eastern section (~0.1 m). This eastern section is located along a pre-existing, but previously unknown, fault, where displaced man-made structures give overall slip rates (1–1.9 cm/year), only slightly lower than those calculated for the western portion (1.4–2.3 cm/year). After an initial rapid motion during the first days of the 2002–2003 eruption, movement of the western portion of the PFS decreased dramatically, while parts of the eastern portion continued to move. These data suggest a model of spreading of the eastern flank of Etna along the PFS, characterized by eruptions along the NE Rift, instantaneous, short-lived, meter-scale displacements along the western PFS and more long-lived centimeter-scale displacements along the eastern PFS. The surface deformation then migrated southwards, reactivating, one after the other, the NNW–SSE-trending Timpe and Trecastagni faults, with displacements of ~0.1 and ~0.04 m, respectively. These structures, along with the PFS, mark the boundaries of two adjacent blocks, moving at different times and rates. The new extent of the PFS and previous activity over its full length indicate that the sliding eastern flank extends well below the Ionian Sea. The clustering of seismic activity above 4 km b.s.l. during the eruption suggests a deep décollement for the moving mass. The collected data thus suggests a significant movement (volume >1,100 km³) of the eastern flank of Etna, both on-shore and off-shore.Editorial responsibility: R. Cioni     

An Augmented Norm Activation Model: The Case of Residential Outdoor Water Use

Understanding the factors that influence voluntary conservation is critical for developing effective residential water conservation policy. Previous work drawing on Schwartz’s Norm Activation Model (NAM) has been useful to understand some of these factors. However, one’s relationship with the broader community impacted by consumptive decisions has often been overlooked. Similarly, scholars have emphasized the importance of contextual factors not captured in the NAM. In this study we hypothesize and test an augmented NAM that incorporates community attachment, along with contextual variables (sociodemographic and household infrastructure), to understand the factors that lead to the development of moral obligations to conserve water and their relationship with residential outdoor water use. Results indicate personal norms, defined as a moral obligation to conserve water, are negatively related to outdoor water use, and that community attachment is a predictor of personal norms. Contextual factors are found to have an influence on outdoor water use.     

断层带中超压流体及其在地震和成矿中的作用

地震断层带中的局部存在对其力学和化学过程有着重要影响的超压流体，对这种超压流本的证据。超压机制及其在地震活动和成矿中的作用等进行了探讨。流体超压是在断层带中渗透性的构造发生强烈时空变化的前提下产生的，其主要原因是构造加压及深源高压流体的注入，当流体压力升至一临界值时，断层发生灾难性破裂，即地震，增加断层的渗透性，超压流体快速向低压带（室或域）流动，同时因减压流体所携载水溶物各（包括成矿物质）大量沉淀析出，降低断层带的渗透性，地震泵吸和流体超压机制的交替作用使得这一过程得以周期性地进行。     

断裂构造研究的进展和趋势

Fault is the most important type of tectonics in the earth crust一lithosphere. It is the faults，is a dominant elements,SVhich construct regional tectonic architecture. Fault controlled not only the evolution and the transverse inhomogenity of regional tectonics,but also the laminary structure of the earth crust-lithosphere. Three kinds of faults(compressional fault，extensional fault and strike-slip fault) may be formed by three kinds of tectionic stress-fields in the earth crust. The fault might occur individually and combine to each other as well. The recent progress and the tendency of fault research are summarized in this paper from historical review and recent analysis of study in three type fault,in orderto undertand the orentation which must be held.     

矾石浅滩抛泥区泥沙的运动规律及其对航道回淤影响的研究

１９９２年１０月在“珠江口航道整治规划”研究中应用中子活化示踪沙技术对矾石浅滩抛泥区泥沙的运动规律及其对航道的回淤影响进行了现场测验，就该抛泥区的合理性进行了分析。该抛泥区所抛泥沙主要沿矾石浅滩南移沉积，另有一部分西行进入伶仃航道，为减少航道的淤积，该抛泥区应适当向东迁移。