多普勒测风激光雷达三波束反演方法与实验

为研究激光测风技术中五波束和三波束风廓线反演方法的异同,采用波长1.5μm的相干多普勒测风激光雷达在中国海洋大学崂山校区进行风场测量。利用三波束风廓线反演法对13 d的多普勒激光雷达观测数据进行计算,设定信噪比和数据获取率门限阈值,对数据质量进行控制,将计算结果与五波束风廓线反演法的计算结果进行比对分析。与五波束风廓线反演法相比,三波束风廓线反演法仅用三个方向的径向数据反演风廓线,可缩短观测时间跨度,从而提高数据刷新率,在气流不稳定的情况下可获取更多的风场特征参数。比对结果表明,两种风廓线反演法的计算结果在不同高度上均表现出良好的一致性。90 m测量高度处的风速决定系数为0.9825,风向决定系数为0.9769;随着湍流强度增大,两种风廓线反演法之间的差异呈增大趋势。     

强对流天气临近预报技术研究

强对流天气是严重危害人民生活的危险性天气,特别是对于空中飞行有重大影响。目前,国内外主要的临近预报技术包括利用雷达资料的雷暴识别和跟踪技术、利用卫星资料的强降水估计,概率预报技术、概念模型和数值模式预报技术等。本文重点介绍近年来发展起来的强对流天气临近预报方法和主要业务系统,分析了临近预报技术中存在的主要问题并对未来发展趋势进行了展望。     

一种多层神经网络的学习算法

提出一种基于序贯预测误差方法（ＳＰＥ）的多层神经网络（ＭＮＮ）的学习算法。经模拟计算，它比传统的基于最陡下降方法的误差反传（ＳＤＢＥＰ）算法具有更好的收敛性能。并对这两种算法进行了模拟计算的比较．     

基于遥感图像地形结构-岩性组分分解的岩类多重分形特征研究

根据光学成像原理和地形结构的分形特征,提出了遥感图像的地形结构-岩性组分模型和分离算法,并用于ETM图像分解和岩类α-f(α)多重分形特征研究。通过对不同地区二长花岗岩体和沉积变质岩ETM原图像、地形结构子图像和岩性组分子图像的多重分形谱对比分析,发现原始ETM图像的多重分形谱与岩石类型和地形没有明显的对应关系。图像分解后,不同地区的二长花岗岩具有十分相似的岩性组分多重分形谱和不同的地形结构多重分形谱;相反,同一地区的不同类型岩石具有相似的地形结构多重分形谱和不同的岩性组分多重分形谱。因此,利用地形结构-岩性组分分类算法,并结合α-f(α)多重分形谱分形,可以有效地区分岩石类型。     

Bio-Optical Relationship of Case I Waters: The Difference between the Low- and Mid-Latitude Waters and the Southern Ocean

Both historic and currently operational chlorophyll algorithms of the satellite-borne ocean color sensors, such as SeaWiFS, were evaluated for in situ spectral radiation and chlorophyll data in some Case I waters, including the waters in the Indian Ocean sector of the Southern Ocean. Chlorophyll a concentration of the data set (n = 73) ranged from 0.04 to 1.01 mg m^–3. The algorithms had higher accuracy for the low- and mid-latitude waters (RMSE: 0.163–0.253), specifically the most recently developed algorithms of OCTS and Sea WiFS showed 0.163 and 0.170 of Root Mean Square Errors, respectively. However, these algorithms had large errors (0.422–0.621) for the Southern Ocean data set and underestimated the surface chlorophyll by more than a factor of 2.6. The absorption coefficients in the blue spectral region retrieved from remote sensing reflectance varied in a nonlinear manner with chlorophyll a concentration, and the value in the Southern Ocean was significantly lower than that in the low- and mid-latitude waters for each chlorophyll a concentration. The underestimation of chlorophyll a concentration in the Southern Ocean with these algorithms was caused by the lower specific absorption coefficient in the region compared with the low- and mid-latitude waters under the same chlorophyll a concentration.     

Strip theories applied to the vertical motions of high speed crafts

The motions of a high speed craft are highly influenced by speed and dynamic forces that begin to be important for high Froude numbers. Classical ship motions theories and some seakeeping programs do not include the effect of these dynamic forces that mainly affect to the damping of vertical motions, and have to be corrected to model high speed crafts. In any other way, the use of these theories or programs would be unrealistic. In this paper, some theories that can be used to predict the seakeeping behaviour of high speed crafts, considering dynamic forces, are studied and validated against seakeeping tests of some fast monohulls models. Tests and results focus on vertical motions in head seas, which are the most severe for these fast crafts. Experimental results of vertical motions are compared with numerical calculations and conclusions about the range of application of the presented theories are obtained.     

FY-1C/1D全球海上气溶胶业务反演算法研究

介绍了基于FY-1C/1D气象卫星数据进行全球海洋气溶胶反演的业务算法,主要论述了海上气溶胶反演的单通道算法基本原理.该算法的核心内容是建立气溶胶光学厚度查算表,该查算表基于6S辐射传输模式,在假定气溶胶模式条件下,卫星的表观反射率是卫星观测几何(太阳卫星角)和气溶胶光学厚度函数,最终由卫星观测表观反射率反演出气溶胶光学厚度.业务反演过程中还考虑到数据质量检验、云检测处理和太阳耀斑区去除等.利用该算法对FY-1C卫星自2001年起的部分资料进行反演试验,并在FY-1D卫星发射后投入业务应用,自2002年8月开始能实时得到每天和每月的全球气溶胶光学厚度产品.从两颗卫星两年多连续反演结果分析可以非常清晰地发现全球气溶胶主要排放源地和全球海上气溶胶分布的季节变化,与国外卫星反演结果十分接近.     

混合模型试验等效水深截断系统优化设计研究

进行了深海海洋平台混合模型等效水深截断系统优化设计试验研究,优化方法选用混合离散变量模拟退火法,目标函数为截断系统和原系统的静力特性相似程度。以一个转塔式系泊浮式生产系统为例进行了等效水深截断系统优化设计计算。     

局域差分GPS改正数学模型分析与比较

局域差分中,用户到基准站的距离对定位精度有着决定性影响。利用基准站生成用户误差改正数,其算法很多,介绍了几种常用的方法,并分析了各方法的内插系数和内插质量因子。利用局域差分GPS进行定位时,只有当流动站位于基准站构成的多边形网内时,才可能得到较高的精度。