几种俗称为桃花玉玉石的区别和鉴定

采用常规宝石学鉴定方法、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)等测试方法,对市场上统称为桃花玉的石英质玉、菱锰矿和蔷薇辉石进行了常规的宝石学、光谱学特征鉴定。结果表明,三者的常规宝石学特征及红外光谱特征等都有明显区别。     

山东蒙阴三个金伯利岩带金刚石的矿物学特征与对比

山东蒙阴常马庄、西峪和坡里三个金伯利岩带的金刚石含矿性存在显著差异,而三个矿带金刚石的矿物学特征是否亦存在差异还不清楚.本文整理和统计前人研究的山东蒙阴10万余粒金刚石数据,发现三个金伯利岩带金刚石的晶体颜色、粒度、晶体形态及表面形貌和包裹体等具有明显不同的特征:①51484粒常马庄金刚石以淡黄色为主,其次为无色和浅黄...     

Synthetic ANaB(Na x Li1 − x Mg1)CMg5Si8O22(OH)2 (with x = 0.6, 0.2 and 0) P21/m amphiboles at high pressure: a synchrotron infrared study

The high-pressure behavior of three synthetic amphiboles crystallized with space group P2₁/m at room conditions in the system Li₂O–Na₂O–MgO–SiO₂–H₂O has been studied by in situ synchrotron infrared absorption spectroscopy. The amphiboles have compositions ^ANa ^B(Na _x Li_1 − x Mg₁) ^CMg₅ Si₈ O₂₂(OH)₂ with x = 0.6, 0.2 and 0.0, respectively. The high-P experiments up to 32 GPa were carried out on the U2A beamline at Brookhaven National Laboratory (NY, USA) using a diamond anvil cell under non-hydrostatic or quasi-hydrostatic conditions. The two most intense absorption bands in the OH-stretching infrared spectra can be assigned to two non-equivalent O–H dipoles in the P2₁/m structure, bonded to the same local environment ^M1M3Mg₃–OH–^ANa, and pointing toward two differently kinked tetrahedral rings. In all samples these bands progressively merge to give a unique symmetrical absorption with increasing pressure, suggesting a change in symmetry from P2₁/m to C2/m. The pressure at which the transition occurs appears to be linearly correlated to the aggregate B-site dimension. The infrared spectra collected for amphibole ^B(Na_0.2Li_0.8Mg₁) in the frequency range 50 to 1,400 cm⁻¹ also show a series of changes with increasing pressure. The data reported here support the inference of Iezzi et al. (Am Miner 91:479–482, 2006a) regarding a new high-pressure amphibole polymorph.     

Probing the magma plumbing of Erebus volcano,Antarctica, by open-path FTIR spectroscopy of gas emissions

Gas emissions from Erebus volcano, Antarctica, were measured by open-path Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to understand degassing of its magmatic system. Two degassing phonolite lava lakes were present in the summit crater during observation in December 2004. We report analyses of H₂O, CO₂, CO, SO₂, HF, HCl and OCS, (in order of molar abundance) in the plumes. Variations in the proportions of these species strongly reflect the dynamics of degassing, and sourcing of gas from different depths in the magmatic network. The highest observed ratios of CO₂ and H₂O are consistent with gas extracted from the melt at a depth of up to ∼ 2 km below the lava lakes. Magma degassing above this depth contributes to a higher H₂O/CO₂ proportion in the airborne plume. The ratio therefore reflects the balance of deeper vs. shallower contributions of volatiles and, possibly, a combination of closed- and open-system degassing. We observe a strong contrast in HF content in emissions from the two lava lakes, which we attribute to differing levels of magma ascent and/or cooling and crystallization of the magma supply. Fluxes of all gas species were determined using independent SO₂ flux determinations and measured gas ratios. In the case of CO₂ and water, ∼ 1 and ∼ 0.4 m³ s^− 1, respectively, of parental basanite magma are required to sustain the calculated output. The discrepancy between the two figures is readily explained by sequestration of part of the magma supply at depth such that it only partially degasses its complement of water.     

Ground Based FTIR Measurements of Stratospheric Species from Harestua, Norway During Sesame and Comparison with Models

Vertical columns of HF, HCl, HNO3, ClONO2, N2O, ClO and COF2 were measured at Harestua, Norway (60.22° N, 10.75° E, Elevation 600 a.s.l.) beginning on 24 November 1994 and concluding on 1 May 1995 during Phase-III of the SESAME (Second European Stratospheric Arctic and Mid-latitude Experiment) measurement campaign. The vertical columns of HCl, HNO3 and ClONO2 measured on 81 days were compared with columns calculated by the 3-D Cambridge model SLIMCAT. In addition the results were also interpreted by comparison with a photochemical trajectory model. Good agreement was seen for HCl while the nitrogen compounds showed larger discrepancies, especially for ClONO2. Evidence for chlorine activation was seen with 65% reduction of the chlorine reservoirs (HCl + ClONO2) while the levels of ClO were greatly enhanced. Interpretation of the loss with the trajectory model indicated condensation of chlorine on PSCs. The vertical column ratio of COF2 and HF was measured to 0.21 outside the vortex and a factor of two lower inside. The recovery of ClONO2 was seen to be much faster than that of HCl in the early spring.     

大别山沙村辉长岩中长石的结构水及其对岩浆演化的指示

本文报道了大别山沙村地区碰撞后辉长岩的化学组成和其中斜长石的傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)分析结果。10个辉长岩从化学组成上分为两组,代表了两个不同的岩浆。斜长石普遍含有结构水,以OH-的形式存在,含量为213×10-6~658×10-6(H2O的质量分数)。结合大别山榴辉岩的数据来看,由长石中结构水含量推测的原始岩浆的富水特征可能与其源区中含有俯冲断离的榴辉岩有关。两组辉长岩中的长石都表现出水含量与全岩Mg#值的负相关关系,即随着结晶分异的进行,岩浆中的水含量在逐渐减少。这可能是由于角闪石的连续结晶和/或岩浆的去气作用造成的。沙村长石水含量与全岩Mg#值之间的相关性说明后期热液蚀变事件没有改变长石中的水,它们依然有效地保存了原始信息。     

合成施威特曼石吸附Cu^2＋和Pb^2＋的实验研究

施威特曼石普遍存在于含大量SO42-的酸矿水中,其表面吸附的SO42-使得该矿物具有强吸附重金属离子的能力,可用于处理重金属离子污染。实验通过在不同浓度Cu2＋溶液中合成施威特曼石时发现,Cu2＋与施威特曼石的共沉淀量较低,FTIR分析表明Cu2＋与施威特曼石的羟基发生反应。开展施威特曼石吸附Pb2＋的实验,结果表明施威特曼石对Pb2＋的吸附符合Langmuir模型,施威特曼石吸附Cu2＋和Pb2＋后出现1545.4 cm-1和1435.0 cm-1（Cu2＋）两个吸收峰,可能是施威特曼石孔道表面形成了三元配合物。在241×10-6的初始浓度（与尾矿孔隙水的Pb2＋含量相近）下有61.4%的Pb2＋去除率,显示了较好的环境修复价值。     

氯羟磷灰石中羟基的FTIR研究

通过固相法合成了一系列氯羟磷灰石(ClHAp)固溶体,经FTIR表征发现,纯羟基磷灰石(HAp)的羟基振动频率为3572cm-1和632cm-1。当Cl-进入HAp晶体结构后,在3494cm-1和673cm-1处各出现新的吸收谱带,说明在其通道结构中形成[Cl…HO]氢键,导致羟基的伸缩振动向低频偏移,弯曲振动向高频偏移。与氟羟磷灰石的FTIR谱比较可知:ClHAp的羟基振动谱带的位置与数量主要受氢键和周围结构环境变化程度影响。     

（Sm，Ce）／Zr基柱撑蒙脱石的微结构特征

室温条件下，在锆基的基础上加入其他金属离子配制了(Sm，Ce)／Zr基柱化剂。用该聚合阳离子柱撑钙基蒙脱石，室温下d001值为2．1～2．3m，焙烧300℃后，d001值为1．8nm，衍射峰敏锐对称，说明柱撑蒙脱石的热稳定性超过300℃。FTIR分析结果表明(Sm，Ce)／Zr基柱化剂和蒙脱石的Si—O四面体层形成了稳定的[Si—O]—[H(O)-Zr(Sm，Ce)]键，从结构上鳃释了(Sm，Ce)／Zr基柱撑蒙脱石材料结构稳定的机理。     

石英傅立叶变换漫反射红外光谱在成矿作用研究中的应用——以山西繁峙义兴寨金矿床为例

作为热液成因矿床中最为主要的贯通性矿物,石英的内部结构和成分在不同成矿阶段会产生系统性变化.石英粉末漫反射红外光谱1 200 cm-1～400 cm-1指纹谱段对此变化较为敏感,可以用来指示不同成矿阶段石英与成矿的关系.研究对山西义兴寨金矿1 070 m中段MO#脉、1*脉,2#脉,3#-4#矿体,M3#脉,950 m和830 m中段的5#脉和6#脉41件不同成矿阶段的石英粉末进行漫反射红外光谱测试,并利用1 070 m中段各矿脉石英粉末光谱特征参数进行矿物学填图.结果表明.非对称伸缩振动谱带1 085 cm-1半高宽值与石英晶格中的类质同像替换浓度有关,类质同像杂质浓度愈高,1 085 cm-1半高宽相对愈大;填图结果指示该值与金品位值的分布对应性较好.对称伸缩振动谱带800cm-1和780 cm-1的吸收强度与石英所经历的构造差应力呈正相关关系,填图结果表明800 cm-1和780 cm-1吸收强度高值区与金品位高值区的分布几乎趋于一致.红外结晶指数表征石英晶体的结晶程度,随着成矿温度逐渐降低,石英的结晶程度从无序逐渐向有序转化,红外结晶指数也随之减小.