重庆合川近28a蒸发特征分析

利用合川区1980-2007年小型蒸发皿蒸发量资料,分析了合川区蒸发量的变化特征及其影响变化的原因.结果表明:合川年、季和月蒸发量均存在明显的上升趋势,影响蒸发量变化的因子有风速、日照、相对湿度、温度、气压、水汽压、降水等,并对影响因子与蒸发的关系进行相关分析.     

盐田卤水蒸发过程的研究进程

通过国内外盐湖基本情况和工业化开发现状综述 ,介绍了盐湖卤水在天然蒸发过程中的有关理论和应用研究进展。从盐湖化学工程角度提出了盐湖卤水蒸发过程研究需要进一步解决的问题 ,这些问题涉及到制约我国多种体系盐湖进一步高效有序开发和综合利用发展 ,从化学工程理论和实际生产过程有机结合进行研究 ,将对盐湖开发产生一定的推动作用。     

蒙自地区蒸发折算系数分析

利用始于1953年的蒙自气候站小型蒸发器和始于1986年的E-601B型蒸发器蒸发量观测资料,计算两种蒸发器蒸发量折算系数,并与相关分析及线性拟合的结果进行对比分析。结果表明：蒙自站小型蒸发器与E-601B型蒸发器蒸发量的时程分配基本一致,两者之间具有较好的相关关系,线性拟合的线性系数与折算系数较为一致,且检验结果较为接近,推算出该地区两种仪器年蒸发量的折算系数为0.65。研究结果可用于本区气候评价、水量平衡分析和水资源调查等。     

Factors governing subaqueous siliceous sinter precipitation in hot springs: examples from Yellowstone National Park, USA

Abstract Siliceous sinter precipitation within hot spring systems has been attributed to a variety of mechanisms: evaporative concentration, cooling, changes in pH and cation effects. Repetitive in situ (T, pH, alkalinity, etc.) and laboratory (major, minor and trace elemental, stable isotopic) analyses of the waters plus observations of silica precipitation on natural (e.g. twigs, pine cones) as well as artificial substrates (glass slides and copper plates) in the waters substantiate that subaqueous precipitation is occurring throughout the vent to distal end of flow in both Cistern Spring (Norris Geyser Basin) and Deerbone Spring (Lower Geyser Basin), Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, USA. Quartz and sodium–potassium geothermometers indicate that Cistern Spring is fed by a subsurface reservoir that is between 232 and 272 °C. Calculated reservoir temperatures are significantly lower at Deerbone Spring (182–197 °C). Based on a suite of measured and theoretical saturation indices, downflow changes in the system resulting from evaporative concentration (e.g. Cl increases 10%), changes in pH (e.g. 5·6–7·1) and cation effects (Al and Fe) are of negligible importance in the subaqueous precipitation of hot spring opal‐A. Similarly, at the macroenvironmental scale, potential biotic effects on opal‐A precipitation appear to be minimal. Modelling of the two active siliceous sinter precipitating systems indicates that cooling (e.g. 80–17 °C) is the predominant process governing subaqueous mineral precipitation.     

蒸发量与土壤湿度和地下通量关系的模式

土壤水分和蒸发量是水文循环和能量交换过程中一项重要因素.本文根据非饱和土壤水流运动的基本理论,考虑到在地下水位较高的湿润地区,蒸发层中土壤湿度可以得到地下水的补给,作者提出蒸发量与土壤湿度和地下水通量关系的模式.模式中为单一土壤吸力函数,在实际计算中十分简便.     

Evaluation of the ventilated chamber for measuring evaporation from a forest

Evaporation from a regenerating forest was determined concurrently by atmospheric measurements of the Bowen ratio, soil water depletion, and by weighing lysimeter. The methods agreed closely over 18 days in spring and 11 days in summer. Accordingly, the Bowen ratio technique was then used as the control against which any effect on evaporation by enclosure of the lysimeter with a chamber of varied ventilation rate could be quantified hourly and daily. Accuracy of gas analysis was checked against lysimeter values. Daily evaporation by the lysimeter was generally unaffected by enclosure—on a few afternoons there was a statistically significant enhancement of hourly values by the chamber. This was accounted for by difference in turbulence between chamber and forest. The general agreement in daytime hourly values is attributed to the frequent occurrence of equilibrium evaporation (rate at which evaporation is independent of ventilation). At night, evaporation was higher during enclosure. Comparisons were not possible with rain or dew. Determination of evaporation by gas analysis agreed within about 5 per cent of lysimeter values during a dry period. We conclude that the ventilated chamber as used provides realistic estimates of evaporation by forests. We show how periods of bias can be anticipated and corrected by theory.     

昆特依盐湖晶间卤水25℃等温蒸发试验研究

研究了昆特依盐湖晶间卤水２５℃等温蒸发的结晶析盐规律,测定了蒸发过程卤水的物化参数。     

三亚市3月份突发性暴雨个例分析及预报

应用道尔顿蒸发公式的思路,在短期预报的基础上又对突发性暴雨进行中期预报尝试.     

Monitoring Cenozoic climate evolution of northeastern Tibet: stable isotope constraints from the western Qaidam Basin,China

Carbon and oxygen stable isotopic composition of Cenozoic lacustrine carbonates from the intramontane Qaidam Basin yields cycles of variable length and shows several distinct events driven by tectonics and climate changes. From Eocene to Oligocene, the over-all trend in the δ¹³C composition of lacustrine carbonates shows a shift toward higher values, possibly related to higher proportions of dissolved inorganic carbon transported to the lake or lower input of soil derived CO₂. At the same time, the δ¹⁸O composition of lacustrine carbonates is decreasing in accordance with the global cooling trend and northwards drifting of the whole region. During the Miocene, distinct isotopic events can be recognized, although their interpretation and linkage to a certain tectonic event remains difficult. These events may be related to uplift in the Himalayas, to the strongest phase of uplift in the Altyn Mountains, to pronounced subsidence of the Qaidam Basin or to the expansion of C4 plants on land. Generally cold, highly evaporative conditions can be deduced from enrichment of δ¹⁸O isotopic compositions during Pliocene and Quaternary times.     

Water losses in arid and semi-arid zone: Evaporation, evapotranspiration and seepage

The primary purpose of this study was to assess water losses by evapotranspiration, evaporation and seepage in arid zone.Normally, evaporation and seepage are the main causes of water losses.For modeling water losses,a combination of Genetic Programming(GP),Penman-Monteith(PM) and Penman combination model for measurement of evapotranspiration,evaporation and seepage has been developed.The results were found to be varying depending on how the evaporation and seepage phenomena are modeled.These results show that that there is an improvement in reducing evapotranspiration,evaporation and seepage losses in arid and semi-arid region.