岩石中钍及稀土的萃取色层分离和分光光度测定法研究

本文试验研究了以硅烷化多孔微球硅胶为担体,P507为固定相,盐酸和硫酸作流动相,在小色层柱上分离稀土和钍的最佳条件。并进一步对偶氮胂Ⅲ与稀土和钍在水-乙醇体系当中的显色反应条件进行了研究。将该法应用于岩石中稀土总量和钍的连续测定,结果良好。     

Using exploration history to estimate undiscovered resources

Inference about deposits left to be discovered in a partially explored oil field that require only assumptions about the randomness in the exploration procedure are considered. Unbiased estimators, estimators based on partial likelihood methods and confidence procedures are proposed.     

用离子交换法分离测定废旧催化剂中铜,锌,铬,铝和钛

用732型强酸性阳离子交换树脂连续分离废旧催化剂中的铜、锌、铬、铝和钛5种组份。经标液和混合标液多次试验,回收率均在97—100％之间。通过样品分析表明,完全能满足回收废旧催化剂的分析要求。     

THE EFFECT OF MEAN CENTERING ON PREDICTION IN MULTIVARIATE CALIBRATION

Traditionally,one form of preprocessing in multivariate calibration methods such as principal componentregression and partial least squares is mean centering the independent variables(responses)and thedependent variables(concentrations).However,upon examination of the statistical issue of errorpropagation in multivariate calibration,it was found that mean centering is not advised for some datastructures.In this paper it is shown that for response data which(i)vary linearly with concentration,(ii)have no baseline(when there is a component with a non-zero response that does not change inconcentration)and(iii)have no closure in the concentrations(for each sample the concentrations of allcomponents add to a constant,e.g.100%)it is better not to mean center the calibration data.That is,the prediction errors as evaluated by a root mean square error statistic will be smaller for a model madewith the raw data than a model made with mean-centered data.With simulated data relativeimprovements ranging from 1% to 13% were observed depending on the amount of error in thecalibration concentrations and responses.     

铬的水文地球化学异常,污染及其处理利用研究

本文论述陕西部分黄土台塬区深层地下水六价铬超标的水文地球化学异常,并提出了还原—微絮凝分离的除铬方案,设计了高效低成本的处理工艺。除铬效率达到98％以上,出水水质稳定,各项指标达到饮用水卫生标准。     

西北太平洋热带气旋对东亚大气环流的影响

使用1960—2015年6—10月上海台风研究所(CMA-STI)整编的热带气旋最佳路径数据集和NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,借助相关性分析、典型相关分析、耦合场分离方法等统计学方法研究了热带气旋对东亚大气环流的影响。主要结论如下:热带气旋活动增强使得对流层高层温度增加,低层温度降低;对位势高度场的影响主要是使得位势高度降低,最大的影响区在500 hPa;分析东亚大气环流与热带气旋之间的耦合相互作用发现,大气环流和热带气旋相互反馈作用较强的区域往往也是热带气旋对大气环流独立影响较强的区域。两者相互耦合影响部分的解释方差(4%～7%)明显小于单方面由热带气旋引起的大气环流变化部分的解释方差(12%～18%)。     

应变-水位相关斜率异常与地震的关系研究

利用回归分析求解乌鲁木齐台同一钻孔内应变和水位的相关斜率,并用筛选法方差判定其异常,研究相关斜率和地震的关系。结果表明： ①４ 个元件同时出现相关斜率异常时有震率高;②相关斜率正异常映震效果好;③相关斜率属短临异常范畴;④相关斜率异常映震能力具有地区差异性。     

Cluster models for earthquakes: Regional comparisons

Four clustering models are fitted by means of a spectral-likelihoodmethod to series of earthquakes in each of 14 seismic regions. It is concluded that from these models only the Neymann—Scott process, containing both short- and long-term components, is satisfactory for all regions. By inspecting the parameters of this model the consistency of results between regions of similar geological type is studied and the characteristics of different types of region are compared.     

顾及系统误差的平差模型研究

在高精度测量中,利用平差模型从整体上对系统误差予以补偿和消除的理论研究已日益被关注,从国内外文献看,一般均着重于研究附加系统参数平差模型的理论和应用,考虑到系统误差源的复杂性,文中提出了附加系统权平差模型,附加系统参数和系统权平差模型。导出了平差公式和假设检验的统计量,附加系统参数模型是将系统误差影响归入函数模型,附加系统权模型是将系统误差影响归为随机模型,两者混合模型则是将系统误差影响分别归入函数模型和随机模型,这样就形成了顾及系统误差的平差模型体系。附加系统权平差模型涉及到系统方差估计这一难题,文中提出了按概率分布置信域的思想由最大误差估计系统方差的方法。