壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚及其降解产物对水生生物的毒理效应

研究了壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚及其降解产物 4 壬基酚对水生生物的毒理效应。结果表明 ,壬基酚聚氧乙烯 (10 )醚和 4 壬基酚对水生生态系统中的各级生物都有一定的急性毒性 ,水生生物对这 2种化合物的敏感性顺序为 :枝角类 >鱼类 >藻类 >微生物 ,且 4 壬基酚的毒性程度较壬基酚聚氧乙烯 (10 )醚更强。Ames试验同时表明 4 壬基酚具有致突变性 ,而壬基酚聚氧乙烯 (10 )醚则不显致突变活性。建议这 2种物质在水环境中的允许浓度为 :ρ(4 壬基酚 )≤ 0 .0 14mg/L ;ρ(壬基酚聚氧乙烯 (10 )醚 )≤ 0 .6 0mg/L。     

基于Landsat7ETM+的青岛地区热岛效应反演及分析

用水源热泵技术,将矿井回风、矿井水、洗浴废水、冷却水（风）中的低品位废热转变为供热热能。该热泵热回收技术系统可靠、经济效益好,可达到节能减排的目的。该文分析了矿井系统中的废热类型和应用原理,给出了矿井回风、矿井水、洗浴废水、冷却水（风）废热回收量的计算方法,并分析了山东济宁梁宝寺煤矿矿井废热回收供热系统设计实例。认为该技术的应用为矿区提供了生产、生活必备的热源和热水,节约了生产成本,保障了煤矿企业的绿色生产,改善了矿区周围的生活环境。     

The formation of wind curl in the marine atmosphere boundary layer over the East China Sea Kuroshio in spring

Various data are used to investigate the characteristics of the surface wind field and rainfall on the East China Sea Kuroshio (ESK) in March and April, 2011. In March, the wind speed maximum shows over the ESK front (ESKF) in the 10 meter wind field, which agrees with the thermal wind effect. A wind curl center is generated on the warm flank of the ESKF. The winds are much weaker in April, so is the wind curl. A rainband exists over the ESKF in both the months. The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model is used for further researches. The winds on the top of the marine atmosphere boundary layer (MABL) indicate that in March, a positive wind curl is generated in the whole MABL over the warm flank of the ESKF. The thermal wind effect forced by the strong SST gradient overlying the background wind leads to strong surface northeasterly winds on the ESKF, and a positive shearing vorticity is created over the warm flank of the ESKF to generate wind curl. In the smoothed sea surface temperature experiment, the presence of the ESKF is responsible for the strong northeast winds in the ESKF, and essential for the distribution of the rainfall centers in March, which confirms the mechanism above. The same simulation is made for April, 2011, and the responses from the MABL become weak. The low background wind speed weakens the effect of the thermal wind, thus no strong Ekman pumping is helpful for precipitation. There is no big difference in rainfall between the control run and the smooth SST run. Decomposition of the wind vector shows that local wind acceleration induced by the thermal wind effect along with the variations in wind direction is responsible for the pronounced wind curl/divergence over the ESKF.     

Impact of Phenanthrene on Denitrification Activity and Transcription of Related Functional Genes in Estuarine and Marine Sediments

The effects of phenanthrene(Phe)on the denitrification activity and denitrifying genes(narG,nirS and nosZ)were evaluated by dose-response experiments in sediments of Dagu River Estuary(DRE)and Jiaozhou Bay(JZB).The results showed that potential denitrification activity(PDA),N2O,NO3−and NO2−reduction rates of both areas were inhibited with an increase of Phe concentrations.The PDA,N2O,NO3−and NO2−reduction rates of both areas was highest and lowest in the control(DRE:0.453,0.427,7.439 and 3.222mgNkg−1 h−1,JZB:0.592,0.555,8.470 and 3.793mgNkg−1 h−1)and highest Phe amended treatments(DRE:0.069,0.001,4.486,and 1.563 mgNkg−1 h−1;JZB:0.114,0.024,5.527 and 2.200 mgNkg−1 h−1).The inhibition rate of PDA was highest,follow by NO2−reduction and then NO3−reduction.Moreover,with the increasing of Phe concentrations,total bacteria count and the abundance of denitrifying genes were decreased.And N2O accumulation was promoted with the addition of Phe for both areas.Based on the comparison of EC50 values,denitrifiers harboring three genes were more sensitive to Phe than PDA,and denitrifiers harboring nirS gene were more sensitive,followed by nosZ gene,and then narG gene.Furthermore,according to correlation analysis,the relative abundance of denitrifying genes was much more positively correlated with PDA,NO3−and NO2−reduction than total bacteria count.In addition,the denitrification activity and total bacteria count in JZB were more inhibited than that of DRE.This study is useful for understanding the impact of Phe pollution on denitrification in estuary and marine sediments,with profound implications for the management of aquatic ecosystems regarding eutrophication(N-removal)and greenhouse effect.     

基于条件平差的卫星双向时间传递链路性能优化方法

卫星双向时间传递(Two-Way Satellite Time and Frequency Transfer, TWSTFT)是目前精度最高的时间传递方法之一,同时也是参与国际原子时计算的守时实验室之间比较原子时尺度的一种主要方法.提高TWSTFT链路的短期稳定度,降低周日效应对链路时间传递结果的影响,对优化TAI (International Atomic Time)的性能具有现实意义.提出了一种基于条件平差的TWSTFT链路性能优化方法,先依据TWSTFT链路测量噪声水平与谱分析结果建立TWSTFT链路性能优化网络(简称优化网络),再根据优化网络中各链路测量噪声分析结果设置权系数阵,建立条件平差模型.选取亚太地区的中国计量科学研究院(National Institute of Metrology, NIM)-中国科学院国家授时中心(National Time Service Center, NTSC)卫星双向时间传递链路作为待优化链路,以NTSC、NIM以及德国联邦物理技术研究所(Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt,PTB)之间的TWSTFT链路组成优化网络,对优化网络的组网方法和条件平差模型进行实验验证.结果表明,平差后待优化链路短期稳定度得到了改善,同时其受周日效应的影响降低了约24.6%.使用该方法,能够有效提高待优化链路的时间传递性能.     

Seismic evaluation of existing nuclear facility using ambient vibration test to characterize dynamic behavior of the structure and microtremor measurements to characterize the soil: a case study

The methods used for a building seismic hazard evaluation are presented with the associated results. The goals of the study are (1) to check the soil nature and the existence or not of a possible site effect around the installation and (2) to characterize the dynamic behavior of the building using ambient vibration records.

The results of the soil study with the Nakamura method are very difficult to interpret because they are not stable in space and time. The spectral ratios method has been used with regional earthquake records. The results of the application of this method allowed us to conclude that the installation was free of site effect.

The ambient vibration measurements on the building brought the conclusion to determine the first and second modes of the structure. These results have been used to calibrate numerical model. The modal shapes in plan (high roof) and in elevation (main column) have been evaluated. The damping of the building has been computed using ambient vibration records.     

考虑加筋与遮帘效应计算群桩沉降的相互作用系数法

群桩中各基桩在地基土中的加筋与遮帘效应是客观存在的,然而,在目前的桩基沉降理论与实践中,相关的研究仍显不足。基于剪切变形法理论,考虑桩的加筋与遮帘效应,求得各基桩在自身桩顶荷载作用下产生的沉降以及其引起相邻桩的附加沉降量,由此提出群桩中任两桩的相互作用系数简化公式,同时,也得到各基桩桩侧及桩端桩-土接触等效弹簧刚度,并基于荷载传递法原理,建立了成层地基条件下各基桩在自身桩顶荷载作用下的桩身位移平衡方程,推导出各土层层顶处桩身沉降、轴力与层底处桩身沉降、轴力之间的递推关系,进而将公式推广到高、低承台群桩基础计算中。工程算例分析表明,用该方法计算有较高的精度,求得的荷载-沉降曲线及两桩相互作用系数与实测值吻合较好;相互作用系数要明显小于弹性理论计算结果。     

Zircon U–Pb ages, Hf and O isotopes constrain the crustal architecture of the ultrahigh-pressure Dabie orogen in China

The crustal structure of the Dabie orogen was reconstructed by a combined study of U–Pb ages, Hf and O isotope compositions of zircons from granitic gneiss from North Dabie, the largest lithotectonic unit in the orogen. The results were deciphered from metamorphic history to protolith origin with respect to continental subduction and exhumation. Zircon U–Pb dating provides consistent ages of 751 ± 7 Ma for protolith crystallization, and two group ages of 213 ± 4 to 245 ± 17 Ma and 126 ± 4 to 131 ± 36 Ma for regional metamorphism. Majority of zircon Hf isotope analyses displays negative ε_Hf(t) values of − 5.1 to − 2.9 with crust Hf model ages of 1.84 to 1.99 Ga, indicating protolith origin from reworking of middle Paleoproterozoic crust. The remaining analyses exhibit positive ε_Hf(t) values of 5.3 to 14.5 with mantle Hf model ages of 0.74 to 1.11 Ga, suggesting prompt reworking of Late Mesoproterozoic to Early Neoproterozoic juvenile crust. Zircon O isotope analyses yield δ¹⁸O values of − 3.26 to 2.79‰, indicating differential involvement of meteoric water in protolith magma by remelting of hydrothermally altered low δ¹⁸O rocks. North Dabie shares the same age of Neoproterozoic low δ¹⁸O protolith with Central Dabie experiencing the Triassic UHP metamorphism, but it was significantly reworked at Early Cretaceous in association with contemporaneous magma emplacement. The Rodinia breakup at about 750 Ma would lead to not only the reworking of juvenile crust in an active rift zone for bimodal protolith of Central Dabie, but also reworking of ancient crust in an arc-continent collision zone for the North Dabie protolith. The spatial difference in the metamorphic age (Triassic vs. Cretaceous) between the northern and southern parts of North Dabie suggests intra-crustal detachment during the continental subduction. Furthermore, the Dabie orogen would have a three-layer structure prior to the Early Cretaceous magmatism: Central Dabie in the upper, North Dabie in the middle, and the source region of Cretaceous magmas in the lower.     

长沙市固体废弃物处理场水文地质及环境效应评价

为了解垃圾填埋场周边地下水环境污染状况,以长沙市固体废弃物处理场周边土壤、地下水及下游水库水质为研究对象,对研究区进行采样分析,采用单因子污染指数法和内梅罗污染综合指数法对该垃圾填埋场周边环境重金属含量特征进行分析与风险评价。结果表明：As、Cr（Ⅵ）、Ni、Pb、Zn、Cu重金属是填埋场周边环境中的主要污染物,区域采样点及下游水库中重金属含量均值低于地下水质量标准Ⅲ类,填埋场区污染状况良好;Cr（Ⅵ）含量在ZK1与R1样品中均高于地下水质量标准Ⅲ类,是填埋场周边地下水的主要风险污染物;ZK1~ZK4中土壤重金属元素以Pb、Cr（Ⅵ）富集为主,其达中度污染程度,应引起重视。     

基于集对分析的滑坡变形动态建模研究

滑坡是一个确定-不确定的动态系统,其变形表现出复杂的非线性演化特征。为了克服传统分析方法在处理系统不确定性方面的不足,将集对分析法（SPA）引入岩土变形监测分析领域,并结合层次分析法（AHP）提出了滑坡变形动态预测模型,给出了基于概率论的最优预测算法,提出并证明了集对论中最大同一度在等势条件下存在极限解,据此提出位移势的概念。在位移势的基础上,进行SPA二次建模,提出了基于SPA的滑坡变形与水库蓄水过程相关性动态分析模型。运用上述预测模型对新近发生的刘家沱滑坡进行变形监测定量分析,实践证明：最优预测值具有良好的短期预报精度;位移势能够表征系统当前状态下位移所能达到的最大潜力,可作为短期预测的上限值,其变化能够反映系统宏观层面上的演化特征,对滑坡演变加速预警具有指导意义;运用集对分析方法进行滑坡变形响应滞后效应的定量研究是一条可行的新思路,反演结果与实际情况吻合;该方法在岩土监测分析领域有良好的应用前景。