FY 2F卫星和毫米波云雷达云高观测的个例对比分析

风云二号静止卫星上装载有可见光、水汽、中长波红外等探测通道,其中红外通道资料可提供卫星云顶温度数据。基于FY-2F静止卫星云顶温度资料,结合局地实时探空数据对北京南郊和朝阳站点上空云层进行云高反演,并展开与地基毫米波云雷达探测云顶高关系的对比,分析3种不同云厚(薄云、适中、厚云)条件下的云高观测结果。研究结果表明,二者云顶高匹配度受几何云厚的影响,其吻合度呈现出厚云最佳,薄云最差的特征。     

基于固结-固化复合技术对温州淤泥加固的试验研究

为了对软弱淤泥土进行加固,使之满足工程建设所需的一定承载力,在试验基地采用固结-固化复合技术对淤泥进行加固研究。试验时,将一定厚度淤泥分为浅层固化加固层和深层固结加固层;浅层（≤1 m）淤泥采用固化技术进行加固,使之形成高强度硬壳层;对于深层（＞1 m）淤泥,采用真空预压技术进行加固,以提高深层淤泥的承载力并控制加固土体的后期沉降量。试验结果表明,当固化剂掺量为0.6%～5.0%时,浅层固化淤泥承载力特征值在109～330 kPa;固结-固化复合技术对土体加固效果突出,分层加固土体整体的承载力特征值在89～230 kPa;浅层淤泥经过固化处理后,土体强度较高,对地表荷载起到了明显的扩散作用,有效地减小了地表荷载在下卧层土体中产生的附加应力;多数试验单元浅层固化土的应力扩散角在19.474°～26.303°之间。     

An application of artificial intelligence for investigating the effect of COVID-19 lockdown on three-dimensional temperature variation in equatorial Africa

We present interesting application of artificial intelligence for investigating effect of the COVID-19 lockdown on 3-dimensional temperature variation across Nigeria (2°–15° E, 4°–14° N), in equatorial Africa. Artificial neural networks were trained to learn time-series temperature variation patterns using radio occultation measurements of atmospheric temperature from the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC). Data used for training, validation and testing of the neural networks covered period prior to the lockdown. There was also an investigation into the viability of solar activity indicator (represented by the sunspot number) as an input for the process. The results indicated that including the sunspot number as an input for the training did not improve the network prediction accuracy. The trained network was then used to predict values for the lockdown period. Since the network was trained using pre-lockdown dataset, predictions from the network are regarded as expected temperatures, should there have been no lockdown. By comparing with the actual COSMIC measurements during the lockdown period, effects of the lockdown on atmospheric temperatures were deduced. In overall, the mean altitudinal temperatures rose by about 1.1 °C above expected values during the lockdown. An altitudinal breakdown, at 1 km resolution, reveals that the values were typically below 0.5 °C at most of the altitudes, but exceeded 1 °C at 28 and 29 km altitudes. The temperatures were also observed to drop below expected values at altitudes of 0–2 km, and 17–20 km.     

点扩散函数的改进倾斜刃边重建的高精度估计

基于现有刃边法提出了一种不受刃边倾角限制的点扩散函数高精度估计算法,通过改进刃边拟合、样本去噪与防走样重采样优化边缘扩散函数重建过程,并采用高斯函数拟合点扩散函数得到高精度PSF估值。试验表明,相较于现有刃边法,本文方法的估计精度与稳定性有显著提高。     

利用FY-2F数据检测快速发展对流

快速发展对流RDC(Rapid Developing Convection)是灾害性天气发生的先兆。如何利用卫星遥感技术快速捕捉到RDC信息,是天气临近预报非常关注的内容。随着中国FY-2F气象卫星快速扫描工作模式的业务化,可提供时间分辨率为6 min,空间分辨率为5 km的多通道快速扫描数据,这使得利用卫星检测RDC业务化成为可能。本文根据FY-2F多通道快速扫描数据的特点,设计了一种快速发展对流检测方法。该方法主要根据云顶快速降温率CTC(Cloud Top Cooling rate)的多通道判识,设计了带有3个测试的CTC过滤器,过滤之后得到每个RDC的局部亮温极小值点,然后以该点为中心对周围像元进行漫水填充,得到快速发展对流体。对2013年8月(94°E—129°E,11°N—26°N)的扫描数据进行试验验证,结果表明,本文方法对RDC检测的准确率POD、误报率FAR和临界成功指数CSI分别为0.89、0.15和0.77,能够较为准确地检测快速发展对流。     

Deriving a practical form of IDF formula using transformed rainfall intensities

A general form of formula is presented for the rainfall Intensity–Duration–Frequency (IDF) relationship. This formula is derived from the nearly normal probability distribution function of transformed intensities. In order to transform the raw intensities, a correcting non‐constant spread technique, the Kruskal–Wallis statistic, and the Box–Cox transformation are adopted. These transformations enable to express a simpler model for the IDF formula that agrees well with traditional IDF relationships. Since the proposed method allows the estimation of any percentile value of intensities with a single equation, the intensity percentile at arbitrary duration can be generated easily. The validity of the formula derived by means of the proposed method is assessed using data from major weather stations in Korea. The results show that the percentile intensities produced using the proposed method are in good agreement with those of traditional frequency analysis. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于DSP的纳机电矢量水听器定向系统设计

利用单个矢量水听器实现水下声目标方位估计,较传统标量水听器估计方法简单且容易实现.纳机电矢量水听器具有灵敏度高、低频特性好、尺度小等优良特性.基于这种新型矢量水听器,采用DSPTMS320F2812处理器实现对水下声目标方位的实时估计和显示.给出了定向系统总体和各个模块设计原理,完成了相应的硬件电路与软件实现.试验结果表明:系统能稳定地对传感器的输出信号进行采集和角度计算,并能实时显示水下声目标的方位角度.角度误差小于2°.     

船载内波快速观测技术设计

针对船载内波尤其内孤立波观测所面临的数据采样和快速下放所面临的技术问题,系统介绍了船载内波快速观测技术设计的基本路线.主要设计包括:系统的总体设计,SBE-49 CTD外部扩展数据采集系统技术,C8051F320和NAND结构的FLASH设计和甲板作业设备.满足了内波快速观测技术设计的要求.     

城市天然气管网火灾定量风险分析系统研究与实现

随着城市天然气管网大面积铺设和投入使用,管线的安全风险问题日益突出。相关天然气泄漏、火灾、爆炸等事故对民众财产和人身安全产生了严重威胁。针对这一问题,基于GIS技术提出了一套燃气管网定量风险分析模型,结合燃气泄漏引发建筑物火灾的特殊背景下,提出适用的城市火灾蔓延模型,借助C#编程与ArcGIS Engine平台,开发一套城市天然气管网火灾定量风险分析系统。试验结果表明,本文系统有效地预测事故可能发生区域以及事故影响区域,并对发生火灾概率较大的区域实现蔓延模拟,从而预先对存在事故隐患的区域进行重点风险评价、安全教育乃至整个城市的二次规划和重建,有效抵御事故的发生,防患于未然。