晚石炭世腕足动物古生物地理区形成机制—环境控制论

晚石炭世腕足动物地理分布以及散布过程受环境控制。在控制腕足动物地理分布的诸多环境因素中，温度是首要因素，板块构造亦具巨大影响。在腕足动物散布过程中，温度的驱赶作用，洋流的携带作用，海浸与海退等环境因素犹如传送带一样，将腕足动物（幼虫）携带到能满足其生态需要的生存、繁衍场所。腕足动物具快速散布的潜能，该潜能的发挥取决于环境。由于研究的类别以及其所处地质年代不同，各种环境因素控制作用的主次地位可能变更。这就是环境控制论的主要内容。     

华南春季强风暴背景流场的若干特征

本文利用常规探测资料,分析了1983年3月25日发生在珠江三角洲地区的一次强对流天气过程背景流场的几个重要特征,如高空急流的结构与变化、辐散风场及与之相联系的背景次级环流、风场垂直切变和水平切变等.     

利用LAU效应测定干涉滤光片的中心透过率波长值

本文提出一种利用LAU效应测定干涉滤光片中心透过率波长值的理论和实验方法,这一方法不但具有精度高、装置简单、方法简便等优点,而且由该方法所获得的实验结果,可以作为当前有关平面周期物体LAU 效应新理论的一种实践检验。     

Geomorphology and sedimentary/biosedimentary structures of the intertidal environment along the coast of Kuwait,north-western Arabian Gulf

The coast of Kuwait can be divided into nine intertidal geomorphological subunits, of which four are found along the northern muddy shoreline and five along the southern sandy shoreline. In the north the coast is characterized by wide intertidal mudflats, bounded landward by an extensive coastal sabkha which is partly covered by sand drifts. The upper part of the intertidal environment is covered with a mixture of aeolian sands and muddy sediments of marine origin. A number of shallow tidal channels dissect the intertidal flats and small sand bars occur near the low water line. In contrast, the southern shore is characterized by relatively steep sandy beaches fronted by narrow to moderately wide rocky intertidal platforms which are partly covered by sand, bioherms, skeletal debris and algal mats. In some areas the rocky surface is dissected by numerous small gulleys and shallow channels. Multiple sand bars lying either parallel or diagonal to the shoreline are developed near the low water line. This southern intertidal environment is bounded landward by a sandy berm and a wave-cut cliff.Ripple marks are developed almost parallel to the shoreline, showing different flow directions. Energy levels are moderate to high along the southern shore, but low along the northern shore. In the south, waves induced by winds blowing mostly from the north-east and south-east form the dominant energy source, whereas tidal and wind-driven currents are the only tangible process acting along the northern shore.     

Fabry-Perot spectroscopy in space science

The paper describes use of Fabry-Perot (fp) systems in spectroscopic studies of astronomy and earth’s upper atmosphere. Factors influencing the resolution, luminosity and instrumental line shape offp spectrometer are discussed and the need for their optimization is emphasised, if desired luminosity gain is to be realised in practice. Use offp as imaging spectrometer, scanning spectrometer and as a narrow band filter are illustrated. Tandemfp systems are briefly dealt with.     

环境同位素法在西北地区地下水资源评价中的应用

应用环境同位素方法测定了不同类型地下水的年龄，识别了西北干旱、半干旱地区地下水的补给源，进行了补给量的计算，建立了地下水流系统，并取得了新的成果。     

地质时期生物与自然协调演化及化石燃料资源的分布规律

从更广泛和较高的层次对地质时期地球表层的生命活动和环境变化进行多学科的综合性研究，在全球系统分析的基础上为“协调人类与自然关系”的战略主题提供决策依据。以高分辨率地层学框架的研究的基础，综合多种学科对事件、间事件及其载体和介质的定量研究，为生物与环境的耦合机制的认识及有关模式的建立提供科学依据。化石燃料作为事件产物，其分布规律亦为重要研究内容之一。     

大灰厂跨断层形变资料的地震信息识别

利用具有明显物理意义的断层蠕动模型在充分考虑可能存在的干扰因素影响的基础上，对大灰石台跨断层地形变资料在１９８９年大同地震前后出现的较大幅度变化进行了异常属性分析。结果表明，这个时期的异常变化尽管叠加有一定的降雨影响，但蠕动模型计算得出的地表变化理论值与实际变化有一定程度的符合，显示出在区域应力场作用下，八宝山断层局部地段在大同地震前后可能存在着与区域应力场应力增强及应力调理有关的构造活动。     

From pastoralism to tourism: The historical impact of changing land use practices in Namaqualand

We use the concept of ecological revolutions to explain the environmental history of Namaqualand, from the advent of pastoralism 2000 years BP, to colonial settlement in the 18th century and finally to the recent trend of de-agrarianization from the middle of the 20th century. Early traveller's records and census data are used to assess changes in the human population of the region and how this affected wildlife and agricultural practices. Pre-colonial indigenous hunter-gatherer (Bushmen) and pastoralist (Khoekhoen) populations in Namaqualand consisted of probably no more than a few thousand individuals. Over the next three centuries, the general population rose steadily to more than 65,000 people but has fallen in recent years. Wildlife appears not to have been abundant in Namaqualand's pre-colonial landscapes and large springbok ‘treks’ were probably a rare event. The number of domestic livestock in Namaqualand peaked in 1957 largely as a result of an increase in the number of sheep which have fallen steadily since this time. Crop production was absent from Namaqualand's pre-colonial landscapes but increased to cover nearly 30,000 ha in the early 1970s. The area under cultivation has declined by nearly two thirds since this time largely as a result of the large-scale abandonment of wheat farming in marginal environments. We touch on differences between the communal areas and private farms, particularly in terms of their human populations and agricultural impact on the land. Repeat landscape photographs support our main findings which suggest that both rocky, upland habitats and rivers have not been transformed substantially by land use practices in Namaqualand. Instead, sandy pediments have borne the brunt of human impacts in the region. Finally, we highlight the beginning of a new ecological revolution in Namaqualand due to changes in the global and national political economy.