秦岭造山带泥盆系(陕西段)主要金矿床地球物理地球化学异常特征及找矿标志

以构造控矿和热液喷流沉积加后期改造的成矿观点,对秦岭造山带泥盆系(陕西段)主要层控金矿床的地球物理地球化学异常特征进行总结,从矿床地质分析入手,在充分认识泥盆系金矿成矿规律的基础上,提出该类金矿床的综合找矿标志.     

大兴安岭成矿带大型银多金属矿区域地球化学预测指标

如何利用地球化学填图数据来预测大型矿是当前面临的一个重要课题。文中利用大兴安岭地区1∶20万区域化探扫面数据和1∶100万中蒙边界地球化学填图数据进行综合研究。发现1∶100万地球化学编图圈定的地球化学省与矿集区存在十分密切的关系,1∶20万地球化学编图圈定的区域地球化学异常与大型矿存在对应关系。以大兴安岭3个大型银铅锌矿为例建立了预测大型矿的地球化学指标。大型银多金属矿具有Pb、Zn、Ag 等3个以上元素异常在空间上相套合;异常具有3层以上套合结构,即地球化学省（>500 km2）包裹区域异常（>100 km2）,区域异常包裹局部浓集中心（n×10 km2）;标准化综合异常下限大于4.5,异常衬度大于2.0。     

The distribution of heavy metals in an abandoned mining area; a case study of Strauss Pit, the Drake mining area, Australia: implications for the environmental management of mine sites

Surface water samples from the Drake mining area show elevated metal concentrations, notably cadmium, iron and zinc. A detailed study of a sphalerite /quartz vein from Strauss Pit and chalcopyrite and pyrite from the Adeline mine and Strauss Pit indicate that micro-scale analyses of ores are necessary for environmental management of mine sites. Analyses show that Cd is elevated, up to 2.1 % by weight, and is associated with sphalerite, replacing Zn, or to a lesser extent replacing Pb within small galena grains. High concentrations of Cu are also associated with the Strauss Pit ore as small chalcopyrite grains along the margins of the sphalerite vein, within the central quartz zone of the vein system, and as replacement rims on sphalerite grains. Chalcopyrite from the Adeline mine area, is by comparison, metal poor, but still contains elevated heavy metal concentrations. Whereas, pyrite and chalcopyrite, from Strauss Pit have variable heavy metal concentrations, with chalcopyrite from within sphalerite veins having higher Cd and Zn concentrations than chalcopyrite distal to the veins. Cadmium and other heavy metals within the ores are mobilised during sulphide weathering and enter the drainage network; precipitation of secondary oxidation minerals act as temporary stores for many heavy metals. The complexity of the mineral and heavy metal associations at Strauss Pit suggest that a detailed knowledge of these associations and distributions within ore bodies, and associated waste rocks, are needed by environmental managers of mine sites because the presence of havy metals may greatly affect the decision making process, and management strategies employed. Received; 14 July 1999 · Accepted: 17 August 1999     

山区城市环境系统的污染及其变异的典型研究

本文以重庆市为代表，讨论山区城市环境系统中大气、地表水、土壤、地下水、包气带、生物体等六个子系统的污染状况，并研究了由此而引发的环境系统的变异，它涉及到气候变迁，土壤酸化，物种退化，水质恶化，建筑物表面和文物的损害，人群和生物生存的潜在变化等诸多方面，为制定防治污染策略提供科学依据。     

CZD—6型车载多道γ能谱测量系统

CZD－6型车载多道γ能潜测量系统,以核工业北京地质研究院研制的HDY－256型便携式多道γ能谱仪为操作台,与大体积闪烁探测器构成γ能谱测量系统。每一测点的位置用GPS导航仪定位。测点的经纬度及该测点上获取的256道γ能谱数据用笔记本微机采集,可以在行进中实时显示每一测点的256道谱线。仪器安装在轻型越野车中,构成一套完整的车载多道γ能谱测量系统。该系统在石家庄航测放射性模型上通过校正后,已用于环境放射性监测。获得的大量数据表明,仪器性能稳定,工作可靠,是快速进行环境γ能谱测量的先进手段。它不仅可用于测定环境天然放射性元素浓度,而且在核事故应急处理、核污染监测中具有重要意义。     

西藏玉龙斑岩铜钼矿床区域地球化学异常特征和找矿标志

研究了西藏玉龙斑岩铜矿矿床的区域地球化学特征,结合地质条件综合分析了区域地球化学异常分布规律与矿床的关系,提出了地质、地球化学找矿标志。这对玉龙成矿带进一步勘查找矿有一定的意义。     

关于土壤中“化学定时炸弹”及其触爆因素的探讨

运用目前环境科学研究中较为流行的“化学定时炸弹”的概念,详细分析了我国土壤中可能的“化学定时炸弹”。认为土壤中存在着地带性和泛地带性的“化学定时炸弹”,地带性的包括土壤盐渍化、土壤酸化等;泛地带性的包括施肥造成的、工业污染造成的及特殊成土作用形成的“化学定时炸弹”。同时,探讨了导致土壤中这些“化学定时炸弹”内在和外在的可能触爆因素。提出了今后开展该领域宏观和微观研究的方向和建议。     

新亚欧大陆桥新疆段环境灾害时空分维特征研究

基于区域自然灾害发生的随机性和不确定性,运用分形、混沌理论,对新亚欧大陆桥新疆段近38年的环境灾害受损次数进行了时空分维特征研究。结果表明陆桥新疆段受损状况不仅在时间序列上具有自相似性,其容量维Df在0.8302～1.437之间,而且在空间序列上也具有自相似性,存在明显分维结构,其信息维D1在0.0997～0.1272之间。灾害严重区段的容量维值较大,并且容量维值越大,灾害事件中等级的复杂程度就越高,这一特征将有助于认识灾害发生规律和动力学特征。     

疏勒河中下游水资源开发引起的环境地质问题

疏勒河中下游地区的地表水及地下水资源在尚未开发利用之前 ,在时空分配上处于天然平衡状态。但人为调配水资源 (如拦河蓄水、引水灌溉 )后 ,戈壁带及前缘带 (地下水径流带 )潜水位一直处于下降趋势 ,而细土平原带潜水位有上升趋势 ,从而导致了植被群落的衰亡 ,不同程度地引发了土地资源的沙漠化和次生盐渍化等环境地质问题。为确保该区的生态环境及农业生产的稳步发展 ,提出了多目标规划管理模型。     

Characterisation of aerosol from Santiago,Chile: an integrated PIXE–SEM–EDX study

Santiago de Chile is a big city with huge air quality problems, being one of the most polluted cities in the world. This is aggravated during winter by the topography and meteorological conditions of the city. Although public policies have been developed to minimise the atmospheric aerosol pollution, there is a lack of adequate knowledge and poor characterisation of these aerosols (in its PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ fractions). In this study we sampled atmospheric particles during winter in two distinct areas of Santiago: downtown (Teatinos Street) and in a more residential area (Macul). Major (Si, Al, Fe, Ca and K) and some trace element (S, Cl, Ti, P, Cr, Cu and Zn) compositions were obtained by proton-induced X-ray emission (PIXE). Morphological, type and chemical characterisation was also performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with an energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis system (SEM–EDX). Besides the carbon particles, the contribution of which can be quite important in the atmospheric aerosol, especially in downtown, unambiguously lithogenic (i.e. of geological origin) particles and elements are the second highest contributors. Enrichment factor calculation, together with particle identification and element correlation allow the origin of some elements and particles to be traced, revealing anthropogenic origins for some of them that are specific to the Santiago area.