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61.
基于传递熵和再分析数据,讨论了不同ENSO位相下热带中东太平洋与其上空大气的信息传输,研究结果表明:厄尔尼诺、拉尼娜及中性状态下均是以海洋输出信息、大气输入信息为主导的特征,且海洋和大气输入和输出信息的空间分布型较类似。相对中性状态而言,厄尔尼诺和拉尼娜状态下,海洋和大气输入和输出的信息均较强;拉尼娜状态相比厄尔尼诺状态,海洋与大气输入和输出的信息要稍强。通过重排滑动随机抽样方法分析了热带中东太平洋与其上空大气信息传输强度与海温异常的关系,重点分析了热带中东太平洋与其上空大气信息传输的不对称性。揭示了海洋对大气的信息传输随海温距平的变化可以分为类拉尼娜、类中性状态及类厄尔尼诺3个阶段:类拉尼娜阶段,随着低海温的减弱信息传输逐渐减弱;类中性状态,低海温向高海温的过渡过程,信息传输并不存在显著的变化趋势;类厄尔尼诺,随着高海温的增强信息传输逐渐增强。热带中东太平洋与其上空大气信息传输的不对称性更表现为类拉尼娜和类厄尔尼诺阶段信息传输与海温异常之间建立线性关系的阈值和线性趋势程度的不对称。此外,大气对海洋的信息传输随海温的变化与海洋对大气的信息传输随海温的变化类似,即海洋对大气信息传输较强时,大气对海洋的信息传输同样较强,反之亦然,并且大气对海洋的信息传输随海温的变化同样存在不对称性。 相似文献
62.
XU Weihua Andrés VIA QI Zengxiang OUYANG Zhiyun LIU Jianguo LIU Wei WAN Hui 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2014,24(1):60-70
Many nature reserves are established to protect the habitat needs of particular endangered species of interest but their effec-tiveness for protecting other species is questionable.In this study,this effectiveness was evaluated in a nature reserve network located in the Qinling Mountains,Shaanxi Province,China.The network of reserves was established mainly for the conservation of the giant panda,a species considered as a surrogate for the conservation of many other endangered species in the region.The habitat suitability of nine protected species,including the giant panda,was modeled by using Maximum Entropy(MAXENT) and their spatial congruence was analyzed.Habitat suitability of these species was also overlapped with nature reserve boundaries and their management zones(i.e.,core,buffer and experimental zones).Results show that in general the habitat of the giant panda constitutes a reasonable surrogate of the habitat of other protected species,and giant panda reserves protect a relatively high proportion of the habitat of other protected species.Therefore,giant panda habitat conservation also allows the conservation of the habitat of other protected species in the region.However,a large area of suitable habitat was excluded from the nature reserve network.In addition,four species exhibited a low proportion of highly suitable habitat inside the core zones of nature reserves.It suggests that a high proportion of suitable habitat of protected species not targeted for conservation is located in the experimental and buffer zones,thus,is being affected by human activities.To increase their conservation effectiveness,nature reserves and their management zones need to be re-examined in order to include suitable habitat of more endangered species.The procedures described in this study can be easily implemented for the conservation of many endangered species not only in China but in many other parts of the world. 相似文献
63.
This paper constructs a comprehensive evaluation index system for the urbanization level in China in terms of four aspects of urbanization connotation: population, economy, society, and land. A comprehensive measurement is carried out for the Chinese urbanization between 1981 and 2006 based on the Entropy method. The results show that the comprehensive level of urbanization in China has a continuous increase with the major features of economic growth and a rapid evolution of the geographical landscape, followed by population urbanization and then social urbanization of health care standard; the distinguished evolutional characteristics can also be found in each of the subsystems. The integrated evolution of urbanization has a profound effect on the resources, energy and the environment, making the land resources and energy security situation under severe pressure. The environment pressure is also increased further. 相似文献
64.
The heat capacity of end-member titanite and (CaTiSiO5) glass has been measured in the range 328–938 K using differential scanning calorimetry. The data show a weak λ-shaped anomaly
at 483 ± 5 K, presumably associated with the well-known low-pressure P21/a ⇆ A2/a transition, in good agreement with previous studies. A value of 0.196 ± 0.007 kJ mol−1 for the enthalpy of the P21/a ⇆ A2/a transition was determined by integration of the area under the curve for a temperature interval of 438–528 K, bracketing
the anomaly. The heat capacity data for end-member titanite and (CaTiSiO5) glass can be reproduced within <1% using the derived empirical equations (temperature in K, pressure in bars):
The available enthalpy of vitrification (80.78 ± 3.59 kJ mol−1), and the new heat capacity equations for solid and glass can be used to estimate (1) the enthalpy of fusion of end-member
titanite (122.24 ± 0.2 kJ mol−1), (2) the entropy of fusion of end-member titanite (73.85 ± 0.1 J/mol K−1), and (3) a theoretical glass transition temperature of 1130 ± 55 K. The latter is in considerable disagreement with the
experimentally determined glass transition temperature of 1013 ± 3 K. This discrepancy vanishes when either the adopted enthalpy
of vitrification or the liquid heat content, or both, are adjusted.
Calculations using Eq. (2), new P−V−T data for titanite, different but also internally consistent thermodynamic data for anorthite,
rutile, and kyanite, and experimental data for the reaction: anorthite + rutile = titanite + kyanite strongly suggest: (1)
the practice to adjust the enthalpy of formation of titanite to fit phase equilibrium data may be erroneous, and (2) it is
probably the currently accepted entropy of 129.2 ± 0.8 J/mol K−1 that may need revision to a smaller value.
Received: 30 December 1999 / Accepted: 23 June 2000 相似文献
65.
Multifractal and entropic properties of landslides in Japan 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
C. Goltz 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1996,85(1):71-84
Landslide distributions in two major areas of northern Japan, Tohoku and Hokkaido, are analysed for multifractal properties. For the latter data set, also the multifractal spectrum for the spatial landslide size distribution is determined and compared to the probability distribution. It is concluded that the fields possess definite multifractal character. This finding is supported by the known multifractality of the main triggering processes, rain and earthquakes. Further support comes from a configuration entropy analysis which is found to be a useful complimentary tool to multifractal analysis. Models leading to multifractality are briefly reviewed. Careful attention is paid to the algorithms used and to the verification of the numerical results. Some general suggestions concerning numerical methods are made. 相似文献
66.
Li Wei LDaren Shoichiro Fukao Mamoru Yamamoto Toshitaka Tsu Susumu Kato 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》1991,5(3):293-298
Preliminary results of the wind velocity estimation using the Maximum Entropy Method (MEM) to MUradar observation data sets are presented. The comparison of the results from the periodogram method and theMEM shows that the MEM estimation is reliable, and has higher accuracy, resolution and detectability than theestimation from periodogram method. The high accuracy power spectrum obtained by the MEM is veryuseful to studying the atmospheric turbulence structure. However. the MEM needs the longer computingtime for obtaining the high accuracy spectrum. Particularly, the estimation of MEM will bring serious devia-tion at lower signal-to-noise ratio. 相似文献
67.
超谱遥感图像快速聚类无损压缩算法 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
K-means聚类要求每个像素要和所有聚类中心求欧氏距离,当聚类数很多时,这是一个相当耗时的工作。改进的K—meam聚类算法根据历史聚类结果进行初始类分割,即节约初始聚类时间,又能使历史聚类过程中形成的类间稳定关系得以保持;类内像素只和相邻的聚类中心计算距离进行聚类,随着算法的迭代进行,大量类的状态基本固定,使得聚类速度不断加快。基于改进K-means聚类的无损压缩算法具有充分利用历史聚类成果和收敛速度快的特点,通过提高类内像素冗余度,最大限度消除谱间冗余和空间冗余。采用多次聚类压缩的结果预测最佳聚类数的方法,可实现最小熵无损压缩。通过和DPCM算法概率模型的熵值比较及实验数据的分析,验证了基于聚类无损压缩效率比不聚类无损压缩效果更优。 相似文献
68.
We investigate here the fluctuations in the total, open and closed solar magnetic flux (SMF) for the period 1971–1999 by means of the maximum entropy method in the frequency range 5×10−9–10−7 Hz (6 yr to 120 days). We use monthly data for the total, open and closed magnetic solar fluxes. Periodicities found in the series are similar showing that there is some relationship between the fluxes. The most important finding of this work is the existence of fluctuations at around 1.3 and 1.7 yr in the SMF with alternating importance during consecutive even and odd solar cycles. These fluctuations are directly related with variations present in cosmic rays, solar wind parameters and geomagnetic activity indexes. A quasi-triennial periodicity previously found in sunspots and other solar phenomena is also of importance. The SMF is generated by the action of the solar dynamo; therefore, it is through the magnetic flux that the solar dynamo influences several heliospheric phenomena. 相似文献
69.
Ian Lerche 《Mathematical Geology》1989,21(8):843-852
Based on the maximum entropy concept with the number of bins (class intervals), N, maximized in terms of residual errors in sampling of the system, the residual entropy matrix (REM), which is intrinsically positive definite, is sampled uniformly at N equal intervals in entropy space. The mandatory constraint of positivity shows that the finitely sampled REM then provides estimates on the magnitudes of missing components of the autocorrelation sequence describing REM. If the mandatory constraint is relaxed to its limit, the resulting prediction for REM is identical to Burg's (1967) maximum entropy algorithm. The advantages are that assessments can be made: (i) whether the missing components are known accurately enough that no further measurements are needed; (ii) the N equal intervals of the entropy measure are sufficient to provide resolution on the REM for each and every sample; or (iii) whether finer interval resolution is needed to extract information for a particular sample. 相似文献
70.
新疆及其邻近地区M≥7强震活动在时间分布上具有明显的有序性。自1716年以来的21次M≥7强震存在着时间间隔为11、25、30、41和60年的有序值。利用强震活动时间的有序性结构,可对该区7级强震进行预测探索。本文同时还应用熵和经验分布函数,讨论了下次强震发生的地点和概率。 相似文献