Irregular western margin of the Yangtze block as a cause of variation in tectonic activity along the Longmen Shan fault zone,eastern Tibet

On 12 May 2008 and 20 April 2013, respectively, the devastating magnitude 7.9 (Wenchuan) and magnitude 7.0 (Ya’an) earthquakes struck the southwestern Longmen Shan fault zone (LMSFZ), the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. These events were notable because they occurred in a heavily populated area and resulted in severe damage and loss of life. Here we present an integrated analysis of potential field anomalies and a crustal-scale seismic reflection image to investigate the crustal structure and some tectonic relationships associated with these devastating events. Our results show that the western margin of the Yangtze crustal block possesses an irregular margin that extends westward beyond the LMSFZ to the northeast and merges gradually with the LMSFZ to the southwest. We interpret this variation in deep structure to create a lateral heterogeneity in the local stress regime that explains the observed variations in fault geometry and slip distribution, as well as seismicity, of the LMSFZ. This structural complexity results in a differential build-up of stress as the Tibetan Plateau is being extruded eastward. Thus, the results of this research can help identify potential natural hazard zones and focus efforts on hazard mitigation.     

胶东平度北部山区地下水蓄水构造与开采条件分区

平度北部山区位于胶北隆起西南与胶莱盆地的西北部,属鲁东低山丘陵松散岩、碎屑岩、变质岩类为主水文地质大区,胶莱盆地和胶北低山丘陵两个水文地质亚区。开展1∶5万水文地质调查,综合运用物探、水文地质钻探、抽水试验等工作手段,分析了研究区气象水文、地层构造、水文地质条件,划分了松散岩类孔隙水、碎屑岩类孔隙水、碳酸岩类孔隙水和基岩孔隙水4种地下水类型。分别从地形地貌、地层构造、含水层岩性、补径排条件等因素研究地下水富集规律,新发现东柳圈基岩裂隙水富水地段,可作为小型水源地,为城市应急供水。总结了研究区两种蓄水构造,分别为断裂破碎带型和岩性接触带型。通过分析研究区地下水富集规律和不同蓄水构造类型地下水的补径排特征及赋存情况,分析了地下水开采条件,为平度北部山区的找水打井提供技术支持。     

基于遥感的江苏省大陆岸线岸滩时空演变

基于江苏省1984-2016年61景多源遥感影像数据和部分实测潮位、坡度数据,利用遥感技术结合改进的水边线方法提取了多时相的海岸线和平均大潮低潮线,研究了江苏省绣针河口至连兴河口大陆岸线岸滩的时空演变特征。结果表明：1984-2016年,由于海岸带开发,江苏省的海岸线整体以向海推进为主,自然岸线由458.24 km逐渐减少至166.74 km,人工岸线由163.66 km快速增加至598.74 km,大陆岸线长度由621.90 km增加至765.48 km。发生位置和长度变化的岸段中,淤长岸段长127.62 km,年均向海推进83.03 m;围垦岸段长401.21 km,年均向海推进87.63 m;冲刷岸段长71.17 km,年均离海后退10.81 m;围垦被侵蚀岸段长25.95 km,年均离海后退8.64 m。海岸线的空间变化导致江苏省沿海陆地面积净增加104332 hm²,其中由于围垦增加的陆地面积98520 hm²,围垦是陆地面积增加的主要原因。海岸线的离海后退主要发生在废黄河三角洲岸段,但是到2008-2016年,岸线的侵蚀范围已向南扩大至新洋河口至斗龙港岸段。受围垦活动及岸线侵蚀影响,江苏省潮间带坡度不断变陡,统计断面的平均坡度由1.4‰增加至1.9‰,其中废黄河三角洲岸段的中山河口至扁担河口岸段坡度最陡,基本在3~14‰之间;辐射沙洲陆岸岸段坡度最为平缓,但坡度也在逐渐陡化,由0.9‰增加至1.5‰。潮间带面积由271747 hm²减少至168645 hm²,减幅38%;潮间带平均宽度由5064 m减少至3096 m,减幅39%。     

One zone modeling of irregular variability of stellar convective envelope

One zone modeling of the irregular variability of red super-giants is intended with regard to the nonlinear coupling of finite amplitude pulsation with convection. The nonlocal mixing length is employed for the evaluation of the convective flux, the turbulent pressure and the turbulent power of temperature fluctuations. The radial pulsation and the Boussinesq convection are assumed for simplicity. The one zone is defined as the layer having the entropy maximum and the minimum at the bottom and at the top, respectively. The quasi-adiabatic approximation is consistent with this definition in fixing the zone to the same mass range. The spatial derivatives are evaluated under the assumption of homologous changes with the equilibrium homologous parameters. Then, a set of 6 simultaneous first order nonlinear ordinary differential equations are obtained as the one zone representation of the irregular variability of the convective envelope.     

人类关键区的科学逻辑与研究趋势

人类关键区是人类社会进入人类世时代,人类所创造的地表景观在地理圈层中的特征区域。人类近万年历史对人地关系的认知可分为人类文明与地球环境、人类活动与地理环境、空间行为与土地利用3个层级。人类关键区具有全球尺度、国家尺度、区域尺度、地方尺度以及社区尺度。全球尺度的人类关键区可划分为建成区、农业区、生态区、裸露区。人类关键区未来的研究主要包括人类关键区的识别,人类关键区物质循环与能量流动,人类关键区耦合机理与动力机制,人类关键区地理模拟（器）与调控决策。人类关键区的提出为全球可持续发展提供中国地理科学的创新理论与实践路径。     

中国北方农牧交错区交通用地风蚀个例分析-以河北丰宁县坝上大滩镇东沟村为例

对中国北方农牧交错区风蚀变化最为明显的地区进行定点研究,并选取一个小流域作为研究对象。测量了农村交通用地的土壤风蚀状况,计算结果表明：交通工具对十壤作用加速了土壤风蚀过程．扣除车轮挤压地面下降外,交通工具引起的土壤风蚀速率在2．9～3．8cm／a之间。由此可见。在减缓农牧交错区土壤风蚀方面。农村交通道路风蚀问题必须予以考虑。根据社会经济的发展．对交通道路进行固化可减缓这类用地的风蚀状况。     

西北地区生态环境现状和演化规律研究

利用20世纪70年代和90年代两个时段西北内陆地区的土地利用资料和遥感信息，对西北内陆地区的生态环境景观的20年的变化趋势进行了评价。通过评价，定量分析了西北内陆地区生态环境的总体变化趋势，研究了人工绿洲和天然绿洲的平衡比例关系以及与生态环境总体稳定的内在关系。这项研究对研究和确定生态环境保护合理阈值，维持绿洲稳定，保障当地社会经济的长远发展具有重要意义。     

Evolution of the north flank of Tenerife by recurrent giant landslides

Geomorphologic analysis of submarine and subaerial surface features using a combined topographic/bathymetric digital elevation model coupled with onshore geological and geophysical data constrain the age and geometry of giant landslides affecting the north flank of Tenerife. Shaded relief and contour maps, and topographic profiles of the submarine north flank, permit the identification of two generations of post-shield landslides. Older landslide materials accumulated near the shore (<40-km) and comprise 700 km³ of debris. Thickening towards a prominent axis suggests one major landslide deposit. Younger landslide materials accumulated 40–70 km offshore and comprise the products of three major landslides: the La Orotava landslide complex, the Icod landslide and the East Dorsal landslide complex, each with an onshore scar, a proximal submarine trough, and a distal deposit lobe. Estimated lobe volumes are 80, 80 and 100 km³, respectively. The old post-shield landslide scar is an amphitheatre, 20–25 km wide, partly submarine, now completely filled with younger materials. Age–width relationships for Tenerife's coastal platform plus onshore geological constraints suggest an age of ca. 3 Ma for the old collapse. Young landslides are all less than 560 ka old. The La Orotava and Icod slides involved failures of slabs of subaerial flank to form the subaerial La Orotava and Icod valleys. Offshore, they excavated troughs by sudden loading and basal erosion of older slide debris. The onshore East Dorsal slide also triggered secondary failure of older debris offshore. The slab-like geometry of young failures was controlled by weak layers, deep drainage channels and flank truncation by marine erosion. The (partly) submarine geometry of the older amphitheatre reflects the absence of these features. Relatively low H/L ratios for the young slides are attributed to filling of the slope break at the base of the submarine edifice by old landslide materials, low aspect ratios of the failed slabs and channelling within troughs. Post-shield landslides on Tenerife correlate with major falls in sea level, reflecting increased rates of volcanism and coastal erosion, and reduced support for the flank. Landslide head zones have strongly influenced the pattern of volcanism on Tenerife, providing sites for major volcanic centres.     

硫酸镁对硼酸介稳区性质的影响

通过浊度法测定10℃～45℃范围内MgSO4-H3BO3-H2O体系中硼酸的溶解度及介稳区宽度,得到硼酸的成核方程,并计算其表观成核级数。实验结果表明,硫酸镁的存在降低了硼酸的溶解度;随着硫酸镁浓度的升高,硼酸的介稳区宽度先变宽后变窄;硫酸镁的加入使硼酸的表观成核级数增加。