设计地震反应谱的双参数标定方法及其应用

近年的工程地震工作,如地震小区划、重大工程场地的危险性分析等,一般都要做设计谱标定。既反映局部场地条件,又反映地震环境的双参数标定设计谱的方法,已为工程界接受。作为该方法的应用,本文采用澜沧——耿马地震的强震资料,重新确定了设计反应谱的形状参数,给出了反映云南地区地震特性的设计谱,可供中、小型工业与民用建筑抗震设计时参考使用。     

用浅层地震折射波法探测桥梁隧道所在地的基岩和构造

本文以广(州)—深(圳)高速公路(E)段的桥梁、隧道工程勘测为例,阐述了利用浅层地震折射波法在勘查断裂位置、基岩面产状,波速及岩性分布方面的应用。所得结果表明,该方法用于工程建设的选线、选址和概查是有效的。     

微机在软土工程地质勘察中的应用

本文介绍微机在软土地区工程地质应用程序的编写方法,为的是完成工程地质勘察报告所必须进行的资料整理、计算统计、绘图等一系列繁琐的人工操作,既省时省力,对加快勘察行业的自动化有一定的实际意义。     

在测绘工程专业课中采用双语教学的研究与实践

根据与欧美国家测量员一起工作的经验和双语教学实践,论述了测绘工程专业双语教学的必要性和可行性,指出了双语教学计划制定的依据,讨论了测绘工程专业双语教学活动的组织方法,提出了双语教学方法,同时也分析了师资建设和教材建设等重要问题。     

Access to the coast and erosion control: use of wastes on local engineering works in the coast of Gaza City

 Investment in the coastal resources of Gaza City is vital to various developmental issues and projects. Access to the coast and coastal erosion represent two major geo-environmental problems to the city. This paper describes local engineering works developed by the municipality and local people to overcome such problems. A cliff of calcareous sandstone – Kurkar as it is locally known – (up to 18 m high), is located at a distance of 20–50 m from the water–land contact. People who need to reach the beach must cross this Kurkar cliff. The engineering works used to facilitate access to the beach are: old automobile tires, white waste skeletons (refrigerators) and construction waste, where long stairs were designed using these materials. Meanwhile the engineering works which were used as erosion control measures include: rock gabions, concrete wastes, construction waste, concrete walls and shallow excavations. Such practices are commonly used in third world countries and are characterized by inexpensive transportation and implementation costs. The performance of these methods was evaluated from an economic, environmental and safety point of view. Suggestions were made to improve the performance of these practices in the future. Received: 18 November 1998 · Accepted: 15 February 1999     

Structural Topology Design of Container Ship Based on Knowledge-Based Engineering and Level Set Method

Knowledge-Based Engineering (KBE) is introduced into the ship structural design in this paper. From the implementation of KBE, the design solutions for both Rules Design Method (RDM) and Interpolation Design Method (IDM) are generated. The corresponding Finite Element (FE) models are generated. Topological design of the longitudinal structures is studied where the Gaussian Process (GP) is employed to build the surrogate model for FE analysis. Multi-objective optimization methods inspired by Pareto Front are used to reduce the design tank weight and outer surface area simultaneously. Additionally, an enhanced Level Set Method (LSM) which employs implicit algorithm is applied to the topological design of typical bracket plate which is used extensively in ship structures. Two different sets of boundary conditions are considered. The proposed methods show satisfactory efficiency and accuracy.     

测绘工程全英语教学模式的建立与实施策略

测绘工程全英语教学是我国测绘高等教育教学改革与实践面临的挑战。以武汉大学测绘学院为例,探讨全英语教学的内涵,分析测绘工程全英语教学的现状与存在的问题,以测绘工程专业卓越班人才培养方案为建设对象,提出测绘工程全英语教学模式的建立与实施策略,培养测绘工程专业具有国际视野与竞争力的高质量人才。     

基于构造活动历史的活断层工程避让研究

活断层工程避让在本质上属于工程抗断问题,其目的是减少活断层未来发生地表破裂时对建筑物的破坏.不是所有活断层都能产生地表破裂,只有地震活断层才是工程避让的对象.各种研究方法确定的活断层工程避让安全距离,是否适用于某一具体的活断层,尚需对活断层本身开展相关研究.本文基于活断层研究的基本方法,分别以贺兰山东麓断裂和银川隐伏断裂为例,通过对活断层构造活动历史的分析,以活断层的过去预测未来,为裸露和隐伏活断层的工程避让提供依据.对裸露活断层而言,采用地震地质填图、槽探、断层陡坎地貌调查的方法,鉴定其是否为地震活断层,古地震和断层陡坎地貌的原地复发特征是确定工程避让位置的依据,探槽剖面断层带宽度及断层陡坎宽度可作为避让距离的参考.对隐伏活动断裂而言,首先应通过多种手段进行断层定位,槽探和钻探是鉴定地震活断层并进行构造活动历史分析的基础.古地震事件的原地复发、以及钻探剖面不同深度不同沉积时期的地层界线的断距变化是分析未来地表破裂位置的主要依据,已有断层面在地表延伸的位置是下次地震地表破裂发生的位置,是工程避让的参照.通过分析,认为前人统计的15m避让距离适用于贺兰山东麓断裂和银川隐伏断裂,银川隐伏断裂考虑最大定位误差后的避让距离为40m.     

基于精密测距方法监测基坑平面位移的探讨

随着城市建设的发展,高层建筑越来越多。在城市高层建筑建设过程中,开挖基坑问题凸显,基坑工程施工越来越多,开挖深度越来越深,开挖面积越来越大,使用周期越来越长,基坑周围及地下环境越来越复杂,地下各种管线复杂交错。为保证基础设施施工顺利进行,需要对施工过程中各类要素、各个环节进行必要的观测和控制,为业主及施工单位提供监测数据,协助其发现并预防安全事故的发生尤为必要。本文在简述基坑水平位移监测的作用和主要技术手段的基础上,重点介绍了一种采用精密距离测量方式对基坑平面位移进行监测的方法,并将该方法应用于工程中,说明此方法的实用性。     

北极海缆路由工程地质勘察问题探析

跨北极海缆以其铺设成本低、海缆传输距离短、信息传输速率高等优点成为多个国家优先选择的海缆线路。文章简要介绍了环北极国家和我国的北极海缆建设现状。探讨了海冰对工程地质勘察区域的限制、海冰对工程地质调查取样的影响、海雾对工程地质勘察进度的影响和北极地缘政治对工程地质勘察的制约。提出增强调查船舶破冰性能、加速勘察技术革新、提升海冰气象预报能力和深化国际合作等建议,以提升我国北极区域海上综合勘察能力。