道路勘测设计实践环节批量量化考核方法

目前各高校在道路勘测设计实践环节多采用基于团队作业的考核方法,即小组打分法.受限于教学资源,教师利用该方法难以根据学生的个人能力给出公正客观的成绩.为避免片面、主观的考评现状,发挥团队作业的教学优势,提出了批量量化的考核方法,并详细介绍了其设计思路,以期在师生比偏小的现状下提高实践教学的质量、增加学生的积极性和参与度、...     

短期气候预测:南京信息工程大学60年回顾与展望

本文从科学发展角度回顾了国内外短期气候预测的发展历程;在此基础上,回顾了南京信息工程大学建校60 a来短期气候预测领域的团队建设及其在教学、科研和预测方面的实践,并展望其未来工作。     

Progress and prospects of applied research on physical geography and the living environment in China over the past 70 years (1949–2019)

Physical geography is a basic research subject of natural sciences.Its research object is the natural environment which is closely related to human living and development,and China's natural environment is complex and diverse.According to national needs and regional development,physical geographers have achieved remarkable achievements in applied basis and applied research,which also has substantially contributed to the planning of national economic growth and social development,the protection of macro ecosystems and resources,and sustainable regional development.This study summarized the practice and application of physical geography in China over the past 70 years in the following fields:regional differences in natural environments and physical regionalization;land use and land cover changes;natural hazards and risk reduction;process and prevention of desertification;upgrading of medium-and low-yield fields in the Huang-Huai-Hai region;engineering construction in permafrost areas; geochemical element anomalies and the prevention and control of endemic diseases;positioning and observation of hysical geographical elements;and identification of geospatial differentiation and geographical detectors. Furthermore, we have proposed the future direction of applied research in the field of physical geography.     

“绿政”视角：硅谷新一轮创新的思考与实践

绿政是在全球金融危机、气候危机和能源危机背景下,世界各国为契合可持续发展战略,借鉴历史危机应对经验的一种对全球未来发展模式的探索与尝试,硅谷作为世界科技创新中心,以其极强的创新能力和探索精神,持续主导全球经济发展方向。近10年来,硅谷创新的理论和实践重点正向以绿色科技和清洁能源开发为主的绿政之路布局,被美国各级政府2008年后针对金融危机所采取的一系列经济复苏刺激政策推波助澜,成为推动硅谷地区各企业、政府和学术界不断互动与创新的主导趋势,不断刷新硅谷的经济繁荣和科技进步,引领着全球创新的未来。本文详细分析硅谷该轮绿政探索的思考与实践及其对我国的启示,以期为我国经济的可持续发展提供借鉴。     

数字摄影测量实践教学体系及教学资源构建

针对当前数字摄影测量实践教学中存在的与生产实际脱节、学生创新实践能力不强等问题,对数字摄影测量的实践教学进行改革。紧跟当前数字摄影测量新技术的发展趋势,建立反映当前数字摄影测量最新发展的教学体系,构建一批有特色、有一定创新性的案例式实践教学项目,建立完备的实践教学指导材料,在此基础上构建一批实践教学资源。通过实践教学改革,丰富摄影测量实践教学内容,发展学生的创新思维和数据处理综合应用能力。     

Intersection-pavement de-icing: comprehensive review and the state of the practice

Winter maintenance operations are crucial for pedestrian and motorist safety and public mobility on urban streets and highways in cold regions, especially during winter storms. This study provides a comprehensive literature review of existing deicing technologies, with emphasis on electrical resistance-heating deicing technologies for possible applications in areas with concentrated traffic, such as street intersections and crosswalks. A thorough review of existing and emerging deicing technology for snow/ice melting was conducted. The performance of various deicing methods was evaluated and the installation and operation cost of the electrical resistance-heating methods compared. Finally, current state of the practice of intersection/crosswalk winter maintenance was surveyed among state departments of transportation in North America. The intersection/crosswalk winter maintenance procedure adopted by the State of Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities was described, and the annual winter maintenance and operation cost per intersection was estimated. It was found that the annual energy cost of an electrical resistance-heating method such as the carbon-fiber-tape deicing technology is about the same as the average annual maintenance and operation cost of current practice. In addition, an automatic electrical resistance-heating deicing system will bring benefits such as minimized delay time and improved safety for pedestrian and vehicular traffic in an urban application.     

地方文化保护与传承中精英个体的日常实践

随着跨学科研究范式与方法的发展,人文地理学开始从更加微观的日常生活视角关注“地方”文化保护问题,产生日常生活地理学这一研究方向。通过关注地方文化保护与传承中精英个体的日常实践,尝试探讨在国家治理与居民日常生活的互动交织中,微观尺度的精英个体通过怎样的日常实践来塑造和凸显其在地方文化保护与传承中的主体性。研究发现：首先,地方文化保护与传承实践中,地方精英获得“文化身份”多体现为对接自上而下的政府治理体系或者下沉到地方民众日常生活实践,从而获得底层民众对自身文化身份的“认同”的两种主要纵向路径,或者通过横向联系结合市场,通过商业实践建构地方文化传承的主体地位;其次,由于文化精英具有一定的群体代表性,精英个体间的差异性是形成地方文化多样性实践的重要原因;文化精英个体通过凝结各种要素,融合了地方性、文化性、空间性和主体性,在执行构建文化自信的各项策略中,应给与高度关注。     

导航工程专业最优估计课程教学改革与思考

为满足武汉大学测绘学院导航工程专业后续课程和导航技术发展需要,最优估计课程实施了理论与实践融合的教学改革.本论文首先介绍导航工程专业对最优估计课程的要求,接着分析了本课程的教学理念,然后探讨了课程内容优化、教材改进、教学方法和手段改革等一系列举措,最后对存在的问题进行思考并提出了改进方案.     

回顾与前瞻——《地球物理学进展》22年来的办刊实践与体会

回顾了《地球物理学进展》(以下简称《进展》)创刊22周年的发展历程,总结了《进展》创办过程中的探索与实践经验.根据计量学统计,分析了《进展》目前在我国期刊行业中的地位和发展趋势.认为《进展》经过20余年的发展,已成为国内地球物理学领域有影响的核心刊物.作者也指出了《进展》的不足并给出解决方案,提出了创立一流刊物的发展目标和措施,期望广大作者读者关心、爱护《进展》,参与到《进展》的共建中来.