Adding the missing third and fourth dimensions to trajectory analysis in carbonate systems

We developed a seismic geomorphology-based procedure to enhance traditional trajectory analysis with the ability to visualize and quantify lateral variability along carbonate prograding-margin types (ramps and rimmed shelves) in 3D and 4D. This quantitative approach analysed the shelf break geometric evolution of the Oligo-Miocene carbonate clinoform system in the Browse Basin and delineated the feedback between antecedent topography and carbonate system response as controlling factor on shelf break rugosity. Our geometrical analysis identified a systematic shift in the large-scale average shelf break strike direction over a transect of 10 km from 62° to 55° in the Oligo-Miocene interval of the Browse Basin, which is likely controlled by far-field allogenic forcing from the Timor Trough collision zone. Plotting of 3D shelf break trajectories represents a convenient way to visualize the lateral variability in shelf break evolution. Shelf break trajectories that indicate contemporaneous along-strike progradation and retrogradation correlate with phases of autogenic slope system re-organization and may be a proxy for morphological stability of the shelf break. Shelf break rugosity and shelf break trajectory rugosity are not inherited parameters and antecedent topography does not dictate long-term differential movement of the shelf margin through successive depositional sequences. The autogenic carbonate system response to antecedent topography smooths high-rugosity areas by filling accommodation and maintains a relatively constant shelf break rugosity of ~150 m. Color-coding of the vertical component in the shelf break trajectory captures the creation and filling of accommodation, and highlights areas of the transect that are likely to yield inconsistent 2D sequence stratigraphic interpretations.     

移动轨迹数据可视化方法总结

作为移动社交网络的主体,人们移动带来的位置轨迹不仅记录了人的行为历史,也记录了人与社会的交互活动信息。移动社交网络中位置轨迹数据的分析与利用为解决城市问题提供了一种新的思路。本文概述了轨迹数据可视分析中的几种方法,总结了轨迹数据可视分析研究中存在的问题和面临的挑战。     

中国北方四类典型下垫面能量分配特征及其环境影响因子研究

中国北方疆域辽阔,多种植被类型交错分布,陆面过程较为复杂.研究该区域地表能量平衡及分配过程,有助于进一步了解其生态系统的生产力及气候变化.本文使用"中国北方协同观测实验"观测资料,选取中国北方四种植被类型——高寒草甸、荒漠草地、玉米农田及半干旱草地,在深入认识地表能量分配特征的基础上,讨论了环境因子对能量分配的影响.结...     

2003-2017年北京市地表热力景观时空分异特征及演变规律

利用2003-2017年MODIS地表温度数据,分别从数量、形状和结构角度揭示北京市不同季相和昼夜间地表热力景观时空分异特征,并进一步通过热力等级变化图谱及质心迁移轨迹揭示城市热力景观空间演变规律,探究热力景观等级转换生态过程。结论如下：① 城市地表热力景观季节和昼夜空间特征差异显著;② 中温区在城市热环境中占主导地位。白天中温区是最不稳定的热力景观等级;夜间次低温区和次高温区不稳定性增加;③ 地表热力景观等级变化以稳定型占主,反复变化型和前期变化型次之。地表热力景观等级通常呈现逐级递增或递减规律,山区呈现逐级降温趋势,北部城郊—山地交错地带表现出次低温和中温的反复转向,南部地区有一定的升温趋势;④ 2003-2017年高温区面积增大且质心向城市中心集中,低温区质心向城市外围扩散。生态涵养发展区对北京市地表热力景观质心迁移贡献率最高。热力景观时空分异特征及演变规律可为有效缓解城市热岛效应提供管理决策支持。     

一种顾及道路复杂度的增量路网构建方法

针对传统路网采集和更新需要昂贵的实地测量以及大量的后续内业处理问题,提出了一种从大规模粗糙轨迹数据中自动生成路网的方法。该方法包含轨迹滤选和路网增量构建两步:第1步通过构建空间、时间、逻辑约束的规则模型,在消除数据中的噪音和冗余的同时,将原始轨迹进行合理分割,滤选形成规范轨迹集合;第2步基于信息熵计算轨迹点周围道路的复杂度,据此自动调节道路分割参数,不断将新产生的路段加入到路网,同时计算道路平均交通流量和速度等路况信息,遍历各规范轨迹的定位点重复以上处理过程,最终得到完整路网。通过昆明市200辆出租车采集的约6851万条轨迹数据进行路网构建试验,并与OpenStreetMap数据比较,证明了本文方法的有效性。与已有典型方法比较,本文方法能用更少节点提取更高质量的路网。     

Integration of nighttime light remote sensing images and taxi GPS tracking data for population surface enhancement

The population distribution grid at fine scales better reflects the distribution of residents and plays an important role in investigating urban systems. The recent years have witnessed a growing trend of applying the nighttime light data to the estimation of population at micro levels. However, using the nighttime light data alone to estimate population may cause the overestimation problem due to excessively high light radiance in specific types of areas such as commercial zones and transportation hubs. In dealing with this issue, this study used taxi trajectory data that delineate people’s movements, and explored the utility of integrating the nighttime light and taxi trajectory data in the estimation of population in Shanghai at the spatial resolution of 500 m. First, the initial population distribution grid was generated based on the NPP-VIIRS nighttime light data. Then, a calibration grid was created with taxi trajectory data, whereby the initial population grid was optimized. The accuracy of the resultant population grid was assessed by comparing it with the refined survey data. The result indicates that the final population distribution grid performed better than the initial population grid, which reflects the effectiveness of the proposed calibration process.     

A comparative study of energy performance of hydrostatic seafloor sediment samplers and a new high-efficiency sampler

The hydrostatic energy of high-pressure seawater is a renewable and green energy source for ocean exploration and have been used to replace underwater electrical energy transmission through the cable and underwater battery pack to power seafloor equipment. The advantage of the energy supply method is the cost-effective and the robustness. In the paper, the energy performance of the existing hydrostatic seafloor sediment samplers powered by seawater hydrostatic energy are modelled and analyzed and compared. In view of the common shortcoming of existing technology, a novel hydrostatic seafloor sediment sampler is proposed. The model of energy conversion of the new sampler is built, and its energy performance is obtained. The analysis results indicate that the energy conversion efficiency of the novel sediment sampler is much higher than the existing ones, which means that the new sampler can collect much longer sample with the limited amount of hydrostatic energy. The seawater hydrostatic energy conversion system of the new sampler can also be used to power other seafloor equipment.     

基于自发地理信息的人行道路信息提取

人类的行为轨迹可快速提取到车辆难以通行的人行道路以及人行道路设施等信息,这些信息是行人LBS的关键性元素,它的完备性程度决定了行人LBS服务质量的高低。本文使用志愿者数据集与百度地图,研究了一整套基于VGI数据的人行道路信息提取方法。通过轨迹数据清洗、道路几何路网提取、人行道路设施的检测与识别3个主要板块实现了人行道路信息的提取。算法在完成道路几何路网信息提取的同时,实现了人行横道、过街天桥、地下通道等道路设施信息的获取。     

Particle trajectories of nonlinear gravity waves in deep water

The paper presents a numerical method for calculating the particle trajectories of nonlinear gravity waves in deep water. Particle trajectories, mass-transport velocity and Lagrangian wave period can be accurately determined by the proposed method. The high success rate of the proposed method is examined by comparing the present results with those of (a) Longuet-Higgins, M.S., 1986, 1987. Eulerian and Lagrangian aspects of surface waves. Journal of Fluid Mechanics 173, 683-707 and (b) Lagrangian moments and mass transport in Stokes waves. Journal of Fluid Mechanics 179, 547-555. It is shown that the dimensionless mass-transport velocity can exceed 10% for large waves, and the Lagrangian wave period is much larger than the Eulerian wave period for large waves.     

On the energy dissipation of jacket type offshore platforms with different pile–leg interactions

In recent years, considerable amount of effort has been made to design earthquake resistant offshore structures in seismic active areas. In order to achieve this objective, all components of a typical structure should function properly to dissipate seismically-induced energy within the members. Among components of an offshore installation, braces are of significant importance as they contribute substantially to total energy dissipation of the structure. Buckling in compression and yielding in tension assist the process of energy absorption. Nevertheless, the functionality of braces is dependent upon their joints where joint-cans are included to avoid any brittle fracture and unpredicted failure mechanisms.In this paper, special attention is being paid to energy dissipation of jacket type offshore platforms with two different pile–leg interactions. A case study representing an offshore platform is studied both analytically and experimentally. Analytical models are validated step by step based on available experimental tests and observations on individual members. Several parameters such as cyclic behavior, maximum bearing load and most importantly energy dissipation of two different 2D frames are investigated. Results provide promising insights into design and fabrication of fixed platforms with different pile–leg interactions.