全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1206篇 |
免费 | 185篇 |
国内免费 | 333篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 51篇 |
大气科学 | 131篇 |
地球物理 | 312篇 |
地质学 | 669篇 |
海洋学 | 172篇 |
天文学 | 248篇 |
综合类 | 67篇 |
自然地理 | 74篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 8篇 |
2023年 | 29篇 |
2022年 | 54篇 |
2021年 | 43篇 |
2020年 | 49篇 |
2019年 | 46篇 |
2018年 | 37篇 |
2017年 | 30篇 |
2016年 | 46篇 |
2015年 | 48篇 |
2014年 | 52篇 |
2013年 | 54篇 |
2012年 | 44篇 |
2011年 | 60篇 |
2010年 | 57篇 |
2009年 | 80篇 |
2008年 | 82篇 |
2007年 | 100篇 |
2006年 | 73篇 |
2005年 | 64篇 |
2004年 | 58篇 |
2003年 | 50篇 |
2002年 | 53篇 |
2001年 | 49篇 |
2000年 | 60篇 |
1999年 | 61篇 |
1998年 | 48篇 |
1997年 | 30篇 |
1996年 | 36篇 |
1995年 | 27篇 |
1994年 | 28篇 |
1993年 | 24篇 |
1992年 | 26篇 |
1991年 | 20篇 |
1990年 | 14篇 |
1989年 | 21篇 |
1988年 | 7篇 |
1987年 | 17篇 |
1986年 | 6篇 |
1985年 | 12篇 |
1984年 | 9篇 |
1983年 | 2篇 |
1982年 | 2篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
1978年 | 3篇 |
1977年 | 2篇 |
1954年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有1724条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
91.
E. L. Afraimovich E. A. Kosogorov N. P. Perevalova A. V. Plotnikov 《Journal of Atmospheric and Solar》2001,63(18)
This paper is concerned with the parameters of shock-acoustic waves (SAW) generated during rocket launchings. We have developed the interferometric method for determining SAW parameters (including angular characteristics of the wave vector, and the SAW phase velocity, as well as the direction towards the source) using GPS-arrays. Contrary to the conventional radio-probing techniques, the proposed method provides an estimate of SAW parameters without a priori information about the site and time of a rocket launching. The application of the method is illustrated by a case study of ionospheric effects from launchings of rockets PROTON, SOYUZ and SPACE SHUTTLE from Baikonur and Kennedy Space Center cosmodromes in 1998–2000. In spite of a difference of rocket characteristics, the ionospheric response for all launchings had the character of an N-wave corresponding to the form of a shock wave. The SAW period T is 270–360 s, and the amplitude exceeds the standard deviation of total electron content background fluctuations in this range of periods under quiet and moderate geomagnetic conditions by factors of 2–5 as a minimum. The angle of elevation of the SAW wave vector varies from 30° to 60°, and the SAW phase velocity (900–1200 m/s) approaches the sound velocity at heights of the ionospheric F-region maximum. The position of the SAW source, inferred by neglecting refraction corrections, corresponds to the segment of the rockets path at a distance no less than 200–900 km from the launch pad, and to the rocket flying altitude no less than 100 km. Our data are consistent with the existing view that SAW are generated during a nearly horizontal flight of the rocket with its engine in operation in the acceleration segment of the path at 100–130 km altitudes in the lower atmosphere. 相似文献
92.
Flux-energy spectra of precipitating electrons are derived from electron density profiles measured by the EISCAT radar during auroral absorption events in the morning/noon local-time sector. The inversion technique uses effective recombination coefficient profiles computed on the basis of a previously validated theoretical model of the lower ionosphere. It is shown that flux-energy spectra for the energy range 30–200 keV are in reasonable agreement with those derived for the same events using trapped flux-energy spectra from geosynchronous satellite data and a model for diffusion of trapped electrons into the loss cone by scattering on whistler waves. During individual events, strongly varying precipitating fluxes are found to be due primarily to varying pitch-angle diffusion. 相似文献
93.
考虑湿度影响的城市气溶胶夜晚温度效应 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
本文利用一维非定常模式,研究了城市上空干、湿气溶胶粒子对夜间边界层温度的影响。结果表明,湿气溶胶粒子对低层大气有明显的升温作用,而对中上层大气则起降温作用,同时改变了贴地逆温层结构和边界层稳定度。 相似文献
94.
本文根据LEO中等离子体温度低,密度高,德拜长度小的特点,采用薄鞘层近似,计算了离子收集电流;根据电流平衡方程,考虑表面二次电子发射,计算了大型航天器表面在沉降电子流辐照下的充电特性。 相似文献
95.
在野外地质调查的基础上,通过研究秦皇岛市F1、F2、F3断裂断层泥中石英颗粒表面的SEM特征,认为F1断裂最末一次活动时间在早更新世至中更新世;F2断裂最末一次活动时间在晚更新世中晚期;F3断裂最末一次活动时间在晚更新世末或全新世初。 相似文献
96.
In this paper we describe the transport of pollution in groundwater in the neighbourhood of a well in a uniform background flow. We compute the rate at which contaminated particles reach the well as a function of the place of the source of pollution. The motion of a particle in a dispersive flow is seen as a random walk process. The Fokker-Planck equation for the random motion of a particle is transformed using the complex potential for the advective flow field. The resulting equation is solved asymptotically after a stretching transformation. Finally, the analytical solution is compared with results from Monte Carlo simulations with the random walk model. The method can be extended to arbitrary flow fields. Then by a numerical coordinate transformation the analytical results can still be employed. 相似文献
97.
肇东陨石低钙辉石超微结构的研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
在肇东陨石低钙辉石中观察到各种堆垛缺陷,包括斜方-单斜辉石相转变、畴结构、2.7nm长周期结构以及自然界极为罕见的奇数倍八面体层堆垛缺陷——1.35nm等。高分辨像所揭示的1.35nm的新特征是可以重复两次。文中提出1.35nm的结构是“A+B+A-”型。1.35nm片晶仅见于3,4型球粒陨石,因而它可作为由原顽火辉石淬冷形成的、末遭受后期热变质的典型结构。奇数倍0.9nm宽度单斜辉石片晶在吉林陨石(H5)、安龙陨石(H5)及东台陨石(LL6)中均有出现,它表明这些陨石的辉石都曾由原顽火辉石转变而成。 肇东陨石低钙辉石中相当频繁的相变以及高能量的奇数倍0.45nm层堆垛缺陷的存在,可能表明该陨石形成于退变质过程。 相似文献
98.
Organic-rich samples derived from a Middle Cambrian Formation in the Georgina Basin, and from the Middle Proterozoic of the McArthur Basin in northern and central Australia, yielded alginite ranging from immature oil shale material to overmature residue. A maturation scale has been developed based on the thermal evolution of alginite as determined from reflectance and fluorescence. The coalification path of alginite is marked by jumps in contrast to the linear path of wood-derived vitrinite. Six zones have been recognised, ranging from undermature (zone I), through the mature (zones II/III), followed by a stable stage of no change (zone IV) to the overmature (zones V and VI). The onset of oil generation in alginite as evident from the present study is at 0.3% Ro Alg. and is expressed in a change of fluorescence from yellow to brown, and a coalification jump from 0.3 to 0.6% Ro of Alg. In many boreholes zone III can be distinguished between 0.6 and 0.8% Ro of Alg. where subsequent oil generation occurs. Zones II and III represent the oil window.A zone of little or no change designated zone IV, at
of alginite follows zones II/III. A marked coalification jump characterises zone V, where a pronounced change in reflectance occurs to >1.0% Ro Alg., signifying peak gas generation. The border of oil preservation lies at the transition of zone V and VI, at 1.6% Ro Alg. In zone VI gas generation only occurs.Comparison of reflectance results with experimental and geochemical pyrolysis data supports high activation energies for hydrocarbon generation from alginite, and therefore a later onset of oil generation than other liptinite macerals (i.e. cutinite, exinite, resinite) as well as a narrow oil window.Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirms that alginite does not go through a distinct intermediate stage but that the percentage of unreacted organic matter decreases as maturation proceeds. A clear distinction can be made in TEM between immature alginite, alginite after oil generation, and alginite residue following gas generation. Alginite beyond 1.6% Ro acquires very high densities and the appearance of inertinite in TEM.Bitumens/pyrobitumens make a pronounced contribution to the organic matter throughout the basins and have been shown to effect pyrolysis results by suppressing Tmax. The bitumens/pyrobitumens have been divided into four groups, based on their reflectance and morphology, which in turn appears to be an expression of their genetic history. Their significance is in aiding the understanding of the basins' thermal history, and the timing of oil and gas generation. 相似文献
99.
Thin film methods and X ray energy dispersive technique were applied to analyze sulfate-containing particles in Beijing in order to examine their features and sources. Atmospheric aerosol particles were collected on electron mi-croscope meshes according to two size ranges: coarse particles (r>0.5μm) and fine particles (0.5μm≥r≥0.1μm) by using a two-stage impactor. It was found fiat more than seventy percent of the fine particles and about twenty percent of the coarse particles were sulfate-containing particles. These particles were formed mainly through heterogeneous nucleation. The element composition analyses revealed that the atmospheric aerosol particles in Beijing were domi-nated by crustal particles and construction dust. 相似文献
100.
Xiao Xuqi Institute of Mineral Deposits Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing Guo Shiqin China Ocean Mineral Researches Development Association 《《地质学报》英文版》1993,67(1):33-41
Manganese minerals in the polymetallic nodules from the Central Pacific Ocean were studied using electron microscopy. The principal Mn minerals, being vernadite and todorokite, exhibit different electron diffraction patterns and morphological features. According to its morphological feature, todorokite shows three phases: fibrous, lamellar and lath-shaped. Both vernadite and todorokite are authigenic minerals. While vernadite was mainly precipitated directly from the relevant solution by microbiological oxidation, todorokite was separated from the solution chemically without the help of microbe. Hence, these two minerals show a close genetic relation. 相似文献