Characterization of the binding sites for Al(III) and Be(II) in a sample of marine fulvic acids

A sample of coastal marine fulvic acids (mfua) was studied and its binding site structures that form stable complexes with metal ions were identified. A previously developed self-modeling methodology, based on the coupling of synchronous fluorescence (SyF) spectroscopy with evolving factor analysis (EFA), was used for the analysis of the interactions between mfua and two metal ions that act as probes for binding sites, namely Be(II) and Al(III). Two types of binding site structures were detected, probably of the salicylic acid and catechol types. The values of the conditional stability constants between mfua and the two metal ions were: for Be(II), at pH = 6, log K = 5.32(8); for Al(III), at pH = 4, log K = 5.1(2). The concentration of the corresponding binding sites was found to be less than one half of those found for soil fulvic acid samples.     

珠江三角洲集装箱港口体系演化及动力机制

港口体系的发展对区域发展乃至国土开发有着重要的意义,一直是港口地理的研究核心,而区域性集装箱港口体系的演化规律及动力机制是港口体系理论的内涵提升。选取珠江三角洲的31个港口为样本,以1970-2013年为研究时段,采用集装箱港口数量、吞吐量等长时间序列数据,刻画了珠江三角洲集装箱运输的总体发展与集散趋势,分析了集装箱港口体系的演化过程,重点凝练演绎其演化模型,并揭示其动力机制。研究发现：珠江三角洲集装箱港口体系的演化过程呈现集中化和分散化两种发展趋势,并经历了特点各异与格局明显不同的5个发展阶段,形成了“原始单核结构→孤立双核结构→极核枢纽结构→双核枢纽结构→多核发展结构”的演化模型;珠江三角洲集装箱港口体系是在众多影响因素综合作用下实现“港口集装箱化”的演化过程,包括自然条件、经济产业、技术条件、港航市场、政策和制度等,各因素在不同时期的影响程度有所差异。该研究有助于完善港口体系的演化模型理论,并能为珠江三角洲的港口建设提供指导。     

岩溶山地聚落人口空间分布与演化模式

中国西南山区人口与聚落的演化对岩溶山区乡村规划、新农村建设、生态系统的管理和石漠化土地的治理有着重要的参考意义。利用长时间序列的高精度航片与卫片,结合实地农户调查,从20世纪60年代至2010年的聚落与人口耦合变化过程出发,在村级景观尺度开展了贵州高原中部典型峰丛洼地及其周边地区聚落空间格局变迁的定量研究,以探讨岩溶山地人口与聚落演化的模式及其机制,揭示聚落变迁过程中的人地关系动态。结果表明：① 在研究区农村37年的发展过程中,尽管农村聚落总数在不断增多,但还是形成了一些规模相对发展较快的中心村、镇;② 自然条件、交通相对较好和原来规模相对较大的聚落得到了优先发展;③ 由于农户外迁,位于中部峰丛洼地区通达性较差的部分规模较小的聚落消失或逐渐空心化;④ 在聚落和人口的自发演变过程中,一方面使部分退化的石漠化土地得到了恢复,另一方面聚落扩展严重占用了相当的优质耕地。     

福贡县土地利用变化及演变趋势分析

以云南省福贡县1989、1999、2004年TM、ETM系列遥感数据作数据源,在RS和GIS技术支持下对研究区域1989-2004年的土地利用数量变化、变化速度、土地利用程度变化等方面进行分析;在此基础上,选用马尔柯夫模型对福贡县2010-2025年土地利用的动态演变趋势进行预测。结果表明,农业用地迅猛增加,而天然林、草甸草地、水体在缓慢减少;天然林的减少主要转化为农业用地、灌木林、草甸草地。经预测表明,福贡县2010-2025年建筑用地、冰川积雪、未利用土地的面积将基本不变;人工林面积将增加;农业用地、天然林、灌木林、草甸草地的面积将减少;水体面积变化较小。     

细观非均匀性对脆性岩石材料宏观破坏形式的影响

岩石材料的宏观力学特征是材料内部细观力学特性的综合反映。对于脆性岩石材料,其内部的非均匀性对材料的宏观破坏形式有着重要的影响。应用演化细胞自动机方法（ECA）对岩石的非均匀性进行了初步的探讨。该方法以位移、力、应力和应变等矢量和张量作为系统的基本变量,定量计算了反映岩石破坏过程中应力集中以及应力重新分布的过程。在宏观上则认为脆性岩石材料是一种非均匀性材料,并假定脆性岩石材料的非均匀性符合Weibull分布,坡度参数m是Weibull分布中的反映分布非均匀程度的重要参数。通过对符合Weibull分布中不同坡度参数的脆性岩石材料进行数值模拟试验,发现由Weibull分布中的坡度参数表示的非均匀性是影响脆性岩石材料破坏方式的重要因素,材料的坡度参数越小,材料越不均匀,其破坏形式则越具有随机性;材料的坡度参数越大,材料越趋于均匀,其破坏形式越具有规则性,即趋于弹性材料的破坏形式,这与试验结果是吻合的。     

The plutonic igneous complex at Sorel Point,Jersey, Channel Islands: a high level multi-magma assemblage

Sorel Point lies on the north coast of Jersey, Channel Islands, and comprises a variety of lithologies within the compositional spectrum gabbro–diorite–granodiorite–granite. The rocks of the complex can be separated into four groups, each representing a separate intrusive episode. Each group consists of at least two lithologies which were present as coexisting magmas. The groups are separated by the time required for the preceding intrusive episode to crystallize completely. The rocks thus display a variety of contact relationships. Certain of the rocks present were produced by physical and chemical interactions between coexisting magmas. The rocks have calc-alkaline chemistry and were formed at high crustal levels during the latter stages of the Cadomian orogeny. The Sorel Point complex demonstrates the availability of a wide variety of magmas in a relatively condensed space and time and allows an insight into the formation of a constantly evolving subvolcanic magma chamber. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

椭圆展开共反射点叠加方法的应用研究

本文详细介绍了均匀介质条件下椭圆展开共反射点(CRP)叠加原理,并引入双参数(上行波与下行波的速度比和平均速度)来解决非均匀介质条件下的叠加成像,严密论证了所求得的速度是真正的共反射点叠加速度,并结合理论模型计算和地震资料处理证实,利用椭圆展开CRP方法可以对复杂地质剖面求取准确的共反射点叠加速度和正确的零偏移距剖面,得到的成像效果远优于传统共中心点(CMP)方法.     

双参数展开CRP叠加和速度分析方法研究

椭圆展开共反射点(CRP)方法可以获得比常规倾角时差校正(DMO)方法更近似的零偏移距时间剖面和相应CRP速度场.大量研究和实践证实,在非均质性较弱的地区,该方法取得的成果显著.但由于该方法没有考虑速度的横向变化和转换波等情况,当地下介质存在较强非均质性时,该方法不再准确,需要引进反映速度横向变化的双参数(上行波与下行波的平均速度和速度比)进行改进.本文详细推导了引入双参数后的叠加和速度分析算法,并通过数值模型和地震资料处理证实,修正后的算法可以更好地解决地质复杂地区速度建模和叠加成像问题.     

新疆巴里坤县老爷庙、额仁山一带晚古生代火山岩

老爷庙-额仁山一带发育3套性质不同的火山岩，通过对其岩石组合、岩相、古火山机构特征的详细观察及岩石学、岩石化学、地球化学的研究，晚泥盆世老爷庙组火山岩为玄武岩-安山岩组合，发育盾状和层状火山，属海相环境，为板块消减带岛弧型高铝玄武岩；晚石炭世-早二叠世哈尔加乌组火山岩为陆相火山岩，岩石组合为安山岩．英安岩-流纹岩，以爆发相为主，常形成破火山及锥状火山机构，为陆-陆碰撞造山期火山岩；早二叠世中晚期卡拉岗组火山岩为一套以酸性为主的陆相火山岩，喷溢相发育，常形成穹状古火山机构，岩石组合为英安岩-流纹岩，为造山期弛张期火山岩，3套火山岩为板块不同阶段的火山岩，从老爷庙组火山岩→哈尔加乌组火山岩→拉岗组火山岩，岩石向酸性演化，地壳成熟度愈来愈高，南混合壳转化为陆壳．     

A partitioned and asynchronous cellular automata model for urban growth simulation

Cellular automata (CA) models are used to analyze and simulate the global phenomenon of urban growth. However, these models are characterized by ignoring spatially heterogeneous transition rules and asynchronous evolving rates, which make it difficult to improve urban growth simulations. In this paper, a partitioned and asynchronous cellular automata (PACA) model was developed by implementing the spatial heterogeneity of both transition rules and evolving rates in urban growth simulations. After dividing the study area into several subregions by k-means and knn-cluster algorithms, a C5.0 decision tree algorithm was employed to identify the transition rules in each subregion. The evolving rates for cells in each regularly divided grid were calculated by the rate of changed cells. The proposed PACA model was implemented to simulate urban growth in Wuhan, a large city in central China. The results showed that PACA performed better than traditional CA models in both a cell-to-cell accuracy assessment and a shape dimension accuracy assessment. Figure of merit of PACA is 0.368 in this research, which is significantly higher than that of partitioned CA (0.327) and traditional CA (0.247). As for the shape dimension accuracy, PACA has a fractal dimension of 1.542, which is the closest to that of the actual land use (1.535). However, fractal dimension of traditional CA (1.548) is closer to that of the actual land use than that of partitioned CA (1.285). It indicates that partitioned transition rules play an important role in the cell-to-cell accuracy of CA models, whereas the combination of partitioned transition rules and asynchronous evolving rates results in improved cell-to-cell accuracy and shape dimension accuracy. Thus, implementing partitioned transition rules and asynchronous evolving rates yields better CA model performance in urban growth simulations due to its accordance with actual urban growth processes.