一体化地图制图信息系统的建立及其应用

由于新技术的发展和应用,地图制图信息系统提出了新的概念,地图生产和应用观念都发生了根本变化,地图学家在新时期下面临着新的机遇和挑战。为了促进我国地图学的发展,中科院地理所引进了美国INTERGRAPH系统,同时又开发了自己的电子地图创作系统EA-World,并研制了两系统之间的接口,使两系统结合成为一体化的地图制图信息系统。系统先后完成了多个国家级图集的印刷版和电子版的制作,取得了良好的效果。文中系统地介绍和总结了这一系统的构成、功能和特点及其工艺流程。     

电子地图的空间认知研究

电子地图的空间认知研究是地图空间认知理论的重要研究内容。本文首先介绍了电子地图的概念与特点,分析了电子地图空间认知研究的必要性。在此基础上,探讨了电子地图空间认知研究的特点及主要内容。认为电子地图的空间认知研究具有内容更广泛、形式更复杂、实验难度更大等特点,电子地图空间认知的核心内容是从不同的电子地图上建立心象地图的过程及不同空间认知能力的用户在使用电子地图时的思维过程、认知策略的研究。     

Electronic and optical properties of Fe, Zn and Pb sulfides

Ab initio quantum-chemical calculations of the spatial and electronic structures of sphalerite (ZnS), pyrite (FeS₂) and galena (PbS), using the density functional theory (DFT) local density approximation (LDA) and generalized gradient approximation (GGA), the Hartree–Fock (HF) method and the hybrid functional B3LYP, have been carried out. For galena, the DFT LDA and GGA functionals provided the best estimate of the band gap, from within –0.1 eV to +0.4 eV of the measured value. B3LYP and RHF gave rise to errors of +1.3 and +5.4 eV, respectively. The unit cell parameter error varied from between –1.1% and +2.3% for all the functionals examined. For sphalerite the B3LYP functional provided the best estimate of the band gap (error +0.3 eV). The unit cell parameter error varied between –2.1% and +2.0% for the various DFT functionals and B3LYP. RHF gave rise to an error of +3.8%. For FeS₂, the DFT-GGA approach provides the best results for both the unit cell and the band gap. This may be due to mutual cancellation of the crystal field splitting and band separation force, which are of equal but opposite magnitudes. The calculated density of states (DOS) for the conduction band is used to interpret the experimental features of the S 1s XANES (X-ray absorption near-edge structure) spectra obtained using synchrotron radiation. Because of the l = ±1 selection rule for electron excitation, the S K-edge XANES spectra represent a transition of the S 1s electron to conduction band S p-like orbitals. The near-edge region, up to 15 eV past the edge is approximated well by the DOS. Individual peaks in the DOS correlate with peaks in the XANES spectra. In addition, the imaginary part of the dielectric function, which reflects the transitions from occupied to unoccupied levels, is used to model the near-edge region of the XANES, using the DFT-GGA formalism. Individual peaks in the XANES spectrum are moderately well resolved using the dielectric function, especially for ZnS and FeS₂, while the DOS for the conduction band is more successful in predicting the shape of the XANES spectra for all three minerals.     

中国跨境进口电商企业的时空特征及影响因素分析

以中国361个地级行政区为空间单元,运用核密度、空间自相关、空间计量回归方法,研究中国跨境进口电商企业的时空特征及其影响因素。结果表明：①2004—2018年间中国跨境进口电商企业从“萌芽期”“发展期”到“平缓期”呈阶段性发展;企业分布涉及城市不断增加,从东部向中部逐步扩散,多中心化更加明显,大城市带动周边城市发展范围扩大。②跨境进口电商企业在全国范围内呈现“东多西少,南多北少”的分布特征,城市层面具有较强的集聚特点,形成“两大两小”不同分布模式的跨境进口电商企业集聚区。③跨境进口电商企业的空间分布是多因素共同作用的结果,集聚经济、交通运输水平、网络设施水平、物流发展水平对此影响较大。     

电子地图符号设计中的美学研究

随着电子地图的广泛应用和人们审美情趣的提高,电子地图不仅是科学技术的集中展示,更应该是美和艺术的精彩呈现。符号是地图的语言,本文分析了电子地图符号设计中的美学因素,提出了改善电子地图美感的主要方向,最后从地图符号设计技术与色彩素材采集方面,针对电子地图符号设计中的美学运用谈几点体会。     

电子影像地图的技术研究

本文概述了电子影像地图的概念及其与地理信息系统的关系,详细介绍了电子影像地图的技术和实现方法.在上述理论基础上,本文研制了上海市电子影像地图,在研制过程中解决了数据安全性的问题、大数据量的存储、传送问题等等.论文依据面向对象的设计原理和编程方法,用Visual C 开发了用户的浏览查询界面,为普通用户提供了一个快速的查询浏览平台.     

Half Smooth Tongue Sole(Cynoglossus semilaevis) Under Low Salinity Stress Can Change Hepatic igf2 Expression Through DNA Methylation

Salinity is a crucial environmental stress that severely affects fish growth and survival.Under environmental stress,DNA methylation plays an important role in gene expression and genome function.To better understand the epigenetic regulation mechanism of igf2 under low salinity stress,we analyzed the DNA methylation at 5’UTR,exon1,intron1,and exon2,and analyzed the relationship of DNA methylation with mRNA abundance as well as the special single CpG sites methylation patterns of igf2 in the liver of half smooth tongue sole under low salinity(15)for 0,7,and 60 d.When exposed to low salinity,DNA methylation at 5’UTR and exon2 remained stable,while it was up-regulated firstly and then down-regulated at exon1 and intron1.Some single CpG sites of igf2 associated with low salinity,and most of these sites with significantly changed methylation levels(P<0.05)are located in intron1 area.The discrepant variation of single CpG sites methylation levels and igf2 expression further revealed that females and males showed different response to low salinity.Remarkably,the 38-CpG site of intron1 servers as a sexual marker.Additionally,our integrative analysis demonstrated that regional DNA of igf2 methylation had highly complex interplay on gene expression.The single CpG sites in intron1 were indispensable epigenetic markers under external environmental stress.Above all,to resist the low salinity stress,half smooth tongue sole liver can regulate the expression of igf2 through methylation of CpG sites in intron1.     

Distribution,habitat and movement of juvenile smooth hammerhead sharks (Sphyrna zygaena) in northern New Zealand

The smooth hammerhead shark, Sphyrna zygaena, occurs in warm temperate waters around the northern North Island of New Zealand. Commercial fishing records and research trawl survey data were used to determine their distribution. Highest catch rates were recorded in relatively sheltered bays and coastlines along the northeast coast of North Island. Neonate and juvenile sharks use shallow coastal waters and large harbours and estuaries as nursery areas up to an age of two years and total length of 150?cm. Five sharks were electronically tagged but two apparently died and three (137–160?cm total length) returned useful data. Two tagged sharks remained in or near the Bay of Islands for 6–55 days after tagging, moving extensively through the bay. A third shark moved about 155?km southeast in 250 days. That shark spent 70 days mostly shallower than 10?m (94% of time) with occasional dives to 40?m. Thereafter, it oscillated between the surface and depths of 60?80?m, with most time (55%) being spent at 40?60?m. Maximum recorded depth was 144?m.     

Green Electronics through Legislation and Lead Free Soldering

Management of used electrical and electronic equipment (EEE) is becoming a major issue as each year around 20 to 50 million tonnes of electronic waste (e‐waste) is generated worldwide. EEE contains over 1000 materials of which lead (Pb) has been one of the targets of the regulators forcing manufacturers to adopt lead free products. Industry has come up with several lead free solders with preference given to alloys containing tin, silver, and copper but there is no ,drop‐in' substitute to leaded solder. Issues with lead free solders such as temperature, intermetallics, tin whisker, tin pest, and reliability are yet to be resolved. The paper investigated the contribution of lead free soldering to green electronics in a holistic way. Global lead free movement has reached a point of no return. However, it is necessary to make sure that life span of EEE is not shortened thereby resulting in an unforeseen increase in e‐waste or problem shifting does not occur by shifting a problem from one life cycle to another or from one category/media to another.     

数字制图中地图符号的标准化研究

随着地理信息技术和数字技术的发展,电子地图的制作日益简便,应用日益普及,数字化网络化传播日益广泛,故此,电子地图符号的规范化、标准化势在必行,以保证地理信息感知和认知的一致性和准确性。在传统纸张地图图式规范的基础上,本项研究参照国际类似的标准文本,电子地图符号体系和符号实体应当适应数字技术和视觉环境的变化,进行合理的改进,原则上继承纸张地图符号的内容分类体系和形状分类体系,延续长期以来形成的纸张地图阅读的地理信息传输与读者认同的惯性。在深入审视符号视觉变量及符号视屏显示的复杂特征之后,提出对基本符号实体内容适当简化、对符号色彩、图元组合关系适当调整的实验方案,在通用地理信息系统软件平台上制作了基本地理底图的符号库标准草案,通过相关地图项目进行了大量的效果对比试验,并多次征求同行意见进行了补充、修改和完善,并在“中国空间信息网”网站上发布。