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《International Geology Review》2012,54(12):1471-1489
The Plat Sjambok Anorthosite crops out near Prieska Copper Mines in the Namaqua–Natal Province of southern Africa. It is a massif-type anorthosite, previously regarded as a late-tectonic intrusion and part of the ca. 1100 Ma bimodal Keimoes Suite. Our new ion probe U–Pb zircon data show that the Plat Sjambok massif intruded at 1259 ± 5 Ma, before the 1220 Ma Namaqua collision events and is thus approximately 150 million years older than the Keimoes Suite. Despite the proximity to Prieska Mines, the anorthosite is located in the Kaaien Terrane close to the Brakbos Fault, which is the boundary with the Areachap Terrane in which Prieska Mines is situated. We dated the Nelspoortjie Tonalite, the main country rock of the Plat Sjambok Anorthosite, by laser ablation ICPMS at 1273 ± 13 Ma. Both intrusions thus originated concurrently with the 1286–1241 Ma volcanic rocks of the Areachap Group, which developed in a subduction-related arc setting, prior to its collision with the Kaaien Terrane and Kaapvaal Craton. Metamorphic zircon rims in the Plat Sjambok Anorthosite give an age of 1122 ± 7 Ma, a time that corresponds to a quiet period in the Areachap Terrane. We propose a tectonic model in which formation of the Nelspoortjie Tonalite and Plat Sjambok Anorthosite was driven by intrusions from the mantle into a back-arc related tensional environment within the Kaaien Terrane, possibly situated above an Archaean crustal tongue. This led to heating in a thickened crustal setting in which the tonalite originated as a partial melt of amphibolite. The anorthosite then formed as a mixture of mantle-derived gabbro and Archaean crustal rocks, which explains the 2100–2600 Ma zircon–Hf crustal residence ages and the Sm–Nd trend towards an old crustal source. The anorthosite and its country rocks were only juxtaposed with the Prieska Copper Mining District by late-tectonic uplift and transpressional movements on the Brakbos Fault towards the end of the Namaqua tectogenesis. 相似文献
33.
Guidong Miao Ying Xu Di Wang Songlin Chen Tingjun Fan Yongsheng Tian 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2011,10(3):241-245
Half-smooth tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis) is a promising species for aquaculture in China.The wild population of C. semilaevis is under threat from environmental factors. Microsatellite markers are very suitable for assessing genetic diversity. Four microsatellite-enriched libraries of half smooth tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis) were constructed,from which 57 polymorphic microsatellites were isolated and characterized.The polymorphism of these microsatellites was assessed by genotyping in 30 ind... 相似文献
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陈毓芬 《测绘科学技术学报》2000,17(1):53-56
在地图的色彩设计中,设计人员不仅要考虑色彩单独使用的效果,而且要考虑地图上各要素的色彩配合,即各种色彩在图面上的整体感受效果。电子地图由于有极大的色彩选择空间,背景色也不局限于白色,因而选色、配色比纸质地图更加复杂。用哪种颜色作为背景色视觉效果较好?图面上各要素的色彩如何配合?针对这两个问题,作者设计了电子地图的一个色彩感受实验——色彩配合实验,利用自编的电子地图视觉感受测试软件(TEVP)进行了实验,文中介绍了该实验的方法和思路。 相似文献
36.
将 1 960~ 1 991年的月平均 FSU风应力资料分解为旋转部分和辐散辐合部分 ,分别用以强迫模式海洋。所用的模式为一个 2层热带太平洋区域海洋模式。结果表明 ,就季节变化而言 ,不论是用旋转分量还是散合分量强迫海洋 ,都不能产生合理的冷舌 ,哪怕将旋转或散合分量放大一倍或缩小二分之一 ,也不能使冷舌的强度和分布得到合理的改善。若采用气候平均的含有季节变化的风应力 (未对旋转和辐散分量进行分离 ) ,则可产生与实际相符的海表温度分布。在此基础上 ,分别叠加旋转和辐散分量的年际异常部分 ,通过对海洋的强迫 ,可产生海表温度异常。在年际异常旋转分量的强迫下 ,可产生较强的 SSTA振荡且具有明显的 ENSO周期 ;而在辐散辐合年际异常风应力的强迫下 ,则产生较弱的 SSTA,且振荡频率较高 ,ENSO周期不很明显。这些结果说明 ,风应力的涡旋和辐散辐合分量在海温季节变化和年际变化的形成中具有不同的作用 ,即合理的冷舌分布需要风应力旋转分量和散合分量同时作用于海洋方可产生 ,而仅有异常风应力的旋转强迫就可产生合理的 EL Nino/ La Nina现象。同时 ,风应力的辐散辐合分量在海洋平均状态的形成过程中是重要的 ,但在 EN-SO过程中就对海洋的作用而言则不如旋转分量重要。 相似文献
37.
Weak ENSO Asymmetry Due to Weak Nonlinear Air–Sea Interaction in CMIP5 Climate Models 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
State-of-the-art climate models have long-standing intrinsic biases that limit their simulation and projection capabilities.Significantly weak ENSO asymmetry and weakly nonlinear air–sea interaction over the tropical Pacific was found in CMIP5(Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, Phase 5) climate models compared with observation. The results suggest that a weak nonlinear air–sea interaction may play a role in the weak ENSO asymmetry. Moreover, a weak nonlinearity in air–sea interaction in the models may be associated with the biases in the mean climate—the cold biases in the equatorial central Pacific. The excessive cold tongue bias pushes the deep convection far west to the western Pacific warm pool region and suppresses its development in the central equatorial Pacific. The deep convection has difficulties in further moving to the eastern equatorial Pacific, especially during extreme El Ni o events, which confines the westerly wind anomaly to the western Pacific. This weakens the eastern Pacific El Ni o events, especially the extreme El Ni o events, and thus leads to the weakened ENSO asymmetry in climate models. An accurate mean state structure(especially a realistic cold tongue and deep convection) is critical to reproducing ENSO events in climate models. Our evaluation also revealed that ENSO statistics in CMIP5 climate models are slightly improved compared with those of CMIP3. The weak ENSO asymmetry in CMIP5 is closer to the observation. It is more evident in CMIP5 that strong ENSO activities are usually accompanied by strong ENSO asymmetry, and the diversity of ENSO amplitude is reduced. 相似文献
38.
对2010年6月1—2日广西大暴雨天气的湿度场进行了分析。结果发现:暴雨前有一个高湿区的形成和维持过程,暴雨前一天预报的高湿区产生明显调整,导致暴雨出现,表明低层湿度场对暴雨发生有较好的指示意义。 相似文献
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NUMERICAL STUDY ON THE ROLE OF VORTICAL AND DIVERGENT COMPONENTS OF WIND STRESS IN ENSO CYCLE
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The 1960-1991 monthly mean FSU (Florida State University)wind stress data aredecomposed into a vortical and a divergent component with each of which to force the model oceanin the context of a two-layer tropical Pacific model.Evidence suggests that for the seasonalvariation the ocean forcing does not produce a realistic cold tongue using either of the componentsand the tongue will not be effectively improved in its intensity and pattern even if the componentsare doubled or halved:the utilization of climatic mean wind stress(no decomposition is done of thewind stress)that contains its seasonal variation will lead to a realistic SST distribution on which isimposed,separately,the interannual anomalies of each of the components so as to get the SSTApattern:under the action of the interannual anomaly of the vortical(divergent)component therearises qnite intense SSTA oscillation marked by noticeable ENSO periods(feeble SSTA withhigher oscillation frequency for obscure ENSO periods),thereby illustrating that the roles of thetwo components differ from each other in the genesis of SST variation on a seasonal and aninterannual basis such that a realistic cold tongue pattern follows under the joint effects on themodel ocean of the two components of wind stress while rational E1 Nino/La Nina phenomenaresult under the forcing of an anomalous wind stress vortical component.Moreover,the divergentcomponent is innegligible in generating a mean climatic condition of the ocean sector but of lessimportance compared to the vortical component in ENSO development. 相似文献