河南安阳台电磁辐射异常与中强地震的关系初探

分析了河南安阳测震台用ＤＣ－Ⅱ型电磁辐射异常监测仪记录的地震电磁辐射异常曲线的特征,指出,用异常幅度和异常持续时间相结合的方法可突出地震前兆异常,用震例说明,电磁异常对中强地震的短临预报有一定的意义。     

Mapping the resistivity structure of Walker Ridge 313 in the Gulf of Mexico using the marine CSEM method

A marine controlled source electromagnetic (CSEM) campaign was carried out in the Gulf of Mexico to further develop marine electromagnetic techniques in order to aid the detection and mapping of gas hydrate deposits. Marine CSEM methods are used to obtain an electrical resistivity structure of the subsurface which can indicate the type of substance filling the pore space, such as gas hydrates which are more resistive. Results from the Walker Ridge 313 study (WR 313) are presented in this paper and compared with the Gulf of Mexico Gas Hydrate Joint Industry Project II (JIP2) logging while drilling (LWD) results and available seismic data. The hydrate, known to exist within sheeted sand deposits, is mapped as a resistive region in the two dimensional (2D) CSEM inversion models. This is consistent with the JIP2 LWD resistivity results. CSEM inversions that use seismic horizons provide more realistic results compared to the unconstrained inversions by providing sharp boundaries and architectural control on the location of the resistive and conductive regions in the CSEM model. The seismic horizons include: 1) the base of the gas hydrate stability zone (BGHSZ), 2) the top of salt, and 3) the top and bottom of a fine grained marine mud interval with near vertical hydrate filled fractures, to constrain the CSEM inversion model. The top of salt provides improved location for brines, water saturated salt, and resistive salt. Inversions of the CSEM data map the occurrence of a ‘halo’ of conductive brines above salt. The use of the BGHSZ as a constraint on the inversion helps distinguish between free gas and gas hydrate as well as gas hydrate and water saturated sediments.     

外源激素诱导对条斑星鲽(Verasper moseri) 精子质量的影响

采用注射外源激素——鲑鱼促性腺激素释放激素类似物(sGnRHa)和人绒毛膜促性腺激素(HCG)的诱导方法,研究了外源激素对条斑星鲽雄鱼精子质量的影响。结果表明:外源sGnRHa和HCG诱导后条斑星鲽精子质量明显提升,主要表现为精液粘稠度大为降低、精液流动性和液化能力增强、精子激活率和快速激活率显著提高、快速活动时间和精子寿命延长。同时,血浆性类固醇激素——睾酮(T)和雌二醇(E2)表达水平明显升高,在96h达到峰值。比较两种激素的诱导效果,以sGnRHa对雄鱼精子质量的改善效果为好,但与HCG无显著差异。本研究表明,缓释激素诱导可有效提升和改进条斑星鲽雄鱼的精子质量,研究结果对条斑星鲽人工繁育具有重要的指导意义。     

北山地区扎格高脑盆地CEMP采集试验研究

为确定北山地区电法野外采集参数,有效合理地开展连续电磁剖面法(Continuous Electromagnetic Profiling,CEMP)勘探,以扎格高脑盆地为例,针对野外资料采集的主要因素,制定了采集参数的试验研究工作,通过视电阻率曲线成图对比分析了各项参数所对应的数据采集结果,确定了电极距长度和采集时间。综合研究认为: 研究区布极电极距长度宜采用100 m,个别困难地区可适当缩短电极距,但至少需大于70 m; 野外有效采集时间选择12 h效果较好,特殊情况下不低于8 h,干扰区需适当延长采集时间; 针对接地电阻、刮风干扰等影响野外数据采集质量的不同情况,总结分析了质量控制对策与改善措施。实测剖面解释结果表明,CEMP能较好地揭示研究区主要地层展布情况,反映研究区构造特征。该研究结果可为北山地区中生代盆地群CEMP勘探部署提供依据。     

Seafloor electromagnetic induction studies in the Bay of Bengal

Seafloor magnetometer array experiments were conducted in the Bay of Bengal to delineate the subsurface conductivity structure in the close vicinity of the 85°E Ridge and Ninety East Ridge (NER), and also to study the upper mantle conductivity structure of the Bay of Bengal. The seafloor experiments were conducted in three phases. Array 1991 consisted of five seafloor stations across the 85°E Ridge along 14°N latitude with a land reference station at Selam (SLM). Array 1992 also consisted of five seafloor stations across 85°E Ridge along 12°N latitude. Here we used the data from Annamalainagar Magnetic Obervatory (ANN) as land reference data. Array 1995 consisted of four seafloor stations across the NER along 9°N latitude with land reference station at Tirunelveli (TIR). OBM-S4 magnetometers were used for seafloor measurements. The geomagnetic Depth Sounding (GDS) method was used to investigate the subsurface lateral conductivity contrasts. The vertical gradient sounding (VGS) method was used to deliniate the depth-resistivity structure of the oceanic crust and upper mantle. 1-D inversion of the VGS responses were conducted and obtained a 3-layer depth-resistivity model. The top layer has a resistivity of 150–500 m and a thickness of about 15–50 km. The second layer is highly resistive (2000–9000 m) followed by a very low resistive (0.1–50 m) layer at a depth of about 250–450 km. The 3-component magnetic field variations and the observed induction arrows indicated that the electromagnetic induction process in the Bay of Bengal is complex. We made an attempt to solve this problem numerically and followed two approaches, namely (1) thin-sheet modelling and (2) 3-D forward modelling. These model calculations jointly show that the observed induction arrows could be explained in terms of shallow subsurface features such as deep-sea fans of Bay of Bengal, the resistive 85°E Ridge and the sea water column above the seafloor stations. VGS and 3-D forward model responses agree fairly well and provided depth-resistivity profile as a resistive oceanic crust and upper mantle underlained by a very low resistive zone at a depth of about 250–400 km. This depth-range to the low resistive zone coincide with the seismic low velocity zone of the northeastern Indian Ocean derived from the seismic tomography. Thus we propose an electrical conductivity structure for the oceanic crust and upper mantle of the Bay of Bengal.     

在套管中激发环向传播的准SH波的有限元模拟及实验研究

目前评价固井质量的声波测井方法均是在井内泥浆中辐射声波,再耦合到套管中激发套管波,这种测量方式在重泥浆或含气的井筒内应用时受到了限制.本文将电磁超声换能器引入到套管井中,无需井内介质的声耦合直接在套管中激发沿着套管轴向偏振、周向传播的准SH波.利用多物理场有限元仿真技术优化设计了磁盘阵列式的偏置磁场和跑道型线圈结构的电磁超声换能器,基于洛伦兹力机理实现了在铁磁材料的套管中激发和接收环向传播的准SH波的电磁超声转换技术.根据优化设计结构在实验室研制了电磁超声换能器,有限元模拟和实验室测量均观测到了沿套管环向传播的零阶及一阶准SH波.有限元模拟结果还显示在胶结良好的套管井中,准SH波一边沿着套管环向传播,一边向水泥环中辐射准SH波; 在水泥和地层界面准SH波还会发生反射,再耦合到套管中被接收器接收到,通过对比硬地层和软地层两种套管井模型中接收的反射波信息,可观测到反射的准SH波相位相反,反射波和直达波的相位变化充分验证了准SH波的传播特征.

     

电磁波层析成像阻尼因子引入与应用

在电磁波层析成像(EWCT)中采用数据预处理模型，引入新的阻尼因子估计方法.首先对原始数据进行滤波，快速获得初步解，利用该过程的滤波因子来估计阻尼因子加入LSQR算法中.工程应用表明，在成像质量和算法效率上具有一定优点.     

Application of space analysis of electromagnetic fields to investigation of the geoelectrical structure of the Earth

Lateral composition inhomogeneities of the Earth's deep geoelectric structure require special consideration for any conductivity evaluation of a region. This paper presents a review of some theoretical techniques for determining both the vertical and horizontal conductivity profiles of a region using a spatial distribution of observed electromagnetic fields at the Earth's surface. Effects of shallow positioned anomalies upon a deep conductivity determination are also considered. An application of the procedure is illustrated by a conductivity study in the Soviet Carpathians.     

励磁控制的CSAMT发送机若干技术研究

文章介绍了利用励磁控制来实现可控源音频大地电磁法(Controlled Source Audio-frequency Magnetotelluric Method,缩写为CSAMT)发送机的系统结构与工作原理,对发送机的主要模块进行说明.该系统最大的优点就是功率可扩展性极强,其低频发送功率基本上只受限于发电机的功率与开关器件的参数.目前在实验室内已完成30KW样机,野外已实现了850V/25A的发送.该系统电路结构简单,易于维护,稳定性高.该研究为其它有源电磁法勘探大功率发送机研制提供了行之有效的方案.