中国大陆地电场日变化特征及影响因素

作为地电场最重要的背景变化组成成分之一,地电场日变化普遍存在。本文选取中国大陆10个地电场台站观测数据,应用时序迭加和谐波分析方法,研究地电场日变化的时间域和空间域基本特征。地电场日变化大多呈现"两峰一谷"或"两谷一峰"的变化特征,日变化特征一年四季基本相同,但是幅度、相位略有差异。此外,利用地磁、地貌、电性结构等资料,对地电场日变化的复杂性及与空间电磁活动、地下电性结构及潮汐相关性进行分析,认为地电场日变化特征本质是受空间电磁活动和地下介质电性结构、水文、地质等因素共同作用的结果。     

当今世界测井技术的前沿——访“斯伦贝谢-道尔研究中心”

当今世界测井技术的前沿是什么?用一句话来概括:成象测井技术是当今世界测井技术的前沿.在本世纪末或下世纪初,成象测井技术将会取代数控测井技术.“新伦贝谢-道尔研究中心”从事当今世界测井技术前沿的研究.1992年6月,笔者参观访问了该研究中心.本文叙述参观访问该研究中心从事测井技术前沿研究的所见所闻,供测井界借鉴和参考.     

地层学研究方法的增新──自然γ测井

系统而扼要地介绍有关火山事件岩层中放射性元素和４０Ｋ含量及自然γ测井的基础知识及应用概况。对缺乏古生物化石和疑难地层有条件时可采用酸性火山事件岩层及其自然γ测井资料作为地层学研究的补充方法。     

Formation of regolith-collapse sinkholes in southern Illinois: Interpretation and identification of associated buried cavities

Three regolith-collapse sinkholes formed near the Dongola Unit School and the Pentecostal Church in the southern Illinois village of Dongola (Union County) during the spring of 1993. The sinkholes appeared over a three-month period that coincided with development of a new municipal well. The new well was drilled through clay-rich, valley-fill sediment into karstified limestone bedrock. The piezometric surface of the limestone aquifer is above land surface, indicating the presence of an upward hydraulic gradient in the valley and that the valley fill is acting as a confining unit. Pumping during development of the well lowered the piezometric surface of the limestone aquifer to an elevation below the base of the valley fill. It is hypothesized that drainage of water from the sediments, the resulting loss of hydrostatic pressure and buoyant force in overlying sediments, increased intergranular pressure, and the initiation of groundwater flow toward the well resulted in rapid sediment transport, subsurface erosion, and collapse of the valley-fill sediment. The sinkholes follow an approximately east-west alignment, which is consistent with one of the two dominant alignments of passages of nearby joint-controlled caves. A constant electrode-separation resistivity survey of the school playground was conducted to locate areas that might contain incipient sinkholes. The survey revealed a positive resistivity anomaly trending N75E in the southern part of the study area. The anomaly is linear, between 5 and 10 m wide, and its trend either intersects or is immediately adjacent to the three sinkholes. The anomaly is interpreted to be a series of pumping-induced cavities in the valley-fill sediments that formed over a preexisting crevice in the karstified bedrock limestone.     

点源二维地电模型反演方法的研究

为了提高电法勘探数据解释的能力,寻找较好的二维反演方法,本文在研究改进的阻尼最小二乘法在二维反演中应用的同时,成功地引进和发展了Box-Kanemasu反演法。在微机上实现了电法勘探数据的二维反演解释。理论和实际地电模型的二维反演算例表明,该方法的理论是正确的,方法是切实可行的。     

利用测井资料研究储层的孔隙结构

以岩芯孔隙结构分析为基础，通过分析表征孔隙结构参数的静态模型， 依据现场数据得到了求解孔隙结构参数的白化方程，从而阐明了用测井资料 求解孔隙结构参数的可行性。通过2个实例的分析表明，可以用声波时差、感 应电导、自然电位等常规测井方法准确地求取孔喉半径、喉道分选系数等孔 隙结构参数。为储层微观非均质性研究打下了基础以及为储层评价提供了有 用的手段，直接指导了油田生产及调整开发措施的实施。     

Electrical resistivity changes in rocks during frictional sliding and fracture

Significant changes of electrical resistivity of saturated rocks and water pressure along sliding surface occurred during stick-slips in our direct shear experiment. Two types of changes of electrical resistivity occurred. In the first, resistivity decreased with increasing shear stress, reached minimum together with a sudden release of shear stress and returned to a higher value immediately afterwards. In the second, resistivity again decreased with increasing stress but, in contrast to the first type of changes, it decreased further upon the sudden drop of shear stress. The magnitude and the direction of the changes of water pressure on the sliding surface during stick-slip were not uniform, indicating local variations of surface deformation.     

The modified pseudo-depth section as a tool in resistivity and IP prospecting — A case history

Following the depths of investigation of different electrode arrays, given byRoy andApparao (1971) andRoy (1972), a modified pseudo-depth section was suggested for any array byApparao andSarma (1981) as a tool in resistivity and IP prospecting. The tool was used for the interpretation of IP and resistivity anomalies obtained in a virgin area—Jonnagiri village, Pattikonda Taluq, Kurnool district (A.P.) India. Two of the four bore holes recommended encountered sulphide mineralization, while the other two met with white altered ashy material at the position of the maximum anomaly contour in the depth sections. The drilling results prove the utility of the modified pseudosections in the interpretation of the field data.     

一种改进的电法勘探技术在探测隐伏溶洞的应用

贵州岩溶地貌分布广泛,地质情况非常复杂,严重影响重大工程建设和地下水安全,文章提出一种改进的电法勘探技术,对不良地质体勘查取得了成功应用。以直流电法理论为基础,该方法是根据视电阻率微分统计原理,由电流密度分布规律与供电电极AB两极分布总存在着一定的对应关系,在野外同一供电测线(剖面)上,通过不断加密改变供电极距AB的位置,观测测量电极MN之间的电性参数变化,求取剖面相应纵向空间上,较大深度的(近地表的)近似连续视电阻率地电断面异常。此方法在深300 m以浅的岩溶区隐患排查中取得较好勘查效果,对煤矿钻孔及页岩气钻孔的选址探测误差能够控制在7%以内,值得进一步探索实践。     

Electrical conductivity,thermopower and <Superscript>57</Superscript>Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy of aegirine (NaFeSi<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>6</Subscript>)

DC and AC electrical conductivities were measured on samples of two different crystals of the mineral aegirine (NaFeSi₂O₆) parallel () and perpendicular () to the [001] direction of the clinopyroxene structure between 200 and 600 K. Impedance spectroscopy was applied (20 Hz–1 MHz) and the bulk DC conductivity _DC was determined by extrapolating AC data to zero frequency. In both directions, the log _DC – 1/T curves bend slightly. In the high- and low-temperature limits, differential activation energies were derived for measurements [001] of E_A 0.45 and 0.35 eV, respectively, and the numbers [001] are very similar. The value of _DC [001] with _DC(300 K) 2.0 × 10^{–6 –1}cm^–1 is by a factor of 2–10 above that measured [001], depending on temperature, which means anisotropic charge transport. Below 350 K, the AC conductivity () (/2=frequency) is enhanced relative to _DC for both directions with an increasing difference for rising frequencies on lowering the temperature. An approximate power law for () is noted at higher frequencies and low temperatures with () ^s, which is frequently observed on amorphous and disordered semiconductors. Scaling of () data is possible with reference to _DC, which results in a quasi-universal curve for different temperatures. An attempt was made to discuss DC and AC results in the light of theoretical models of hopping charge transport and of a possible Fe²⁺ Fe³⁺ electron hopping mechanism. The thermopower (Seebeck effect) in the temperature range 360 K < T <770 K is negative in both directions. There is a linear – 1/T relationship above 400 K with activation energy E 0.030 eV [001] and 0.070 eV [001]. ⁵⁷Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy was applied to detect Fe²⁺ in addition to the dominating concentration of Fe³⁺.