Magnetotelluric resistivity modeling for 3D characterization of geothermal reservoirs in the Western side of Mt. Aso, SW Japan

Geothermal reservoirs are usually located at a depth range of 2 to 5 km, so to efficiently utilize such resources an advanced prospecting method is needed to detect these deep geologic structures. This study aimed to three-dimensionally characterize geothermal reservoirs by a combination of Magnetotelluric (MT) survey, inversion analysis of apparent resistivity, and interpolation of the resistivity data obtained. The western side of Mt. Aso crater, southwest Japan, was chosen as the case study area. Three hot springs exist there and a fault is assumed to go in the direction connecting them. A MT survey was carried out at 26 sites and the data processed by a remote reference method to reduce artificial noises. Based on skewness and Mohr circle analyses of the impedance tensor, the local geologic structure at each site could be approximated as horizontally layered and therefore, a one-dimensional inversion analysis was applied to the MT raw data. The resultant resistivity column data were then interpolated by the three-dimensional optimization principle method. The resistivity distributions obtained clarified continuous conductors with especially low resistivity (less than 10 Ω·m) at the hot springs along the fault. Because the resistivity decreases largely with an abundance of clay minerals, the conductors could be considered to correspond with the cap rocks. Thus, two geothermal reservoirs, whose shapes were estimated to be pillar, were detected under the cap rocks in an elevation range of − 1000 to − 3000 m. By comparing the resistivity distributions with the temperature distributions based on fluid-flow calculations at a steady state using FEM, the validity of the location and dimension of the estimated reservoirs were confirmed.     

大陆下地壳高电导率的起源：矿物中的结构水

大地电磁学的测定结果显示，大陆下地壳可能具有异常高的电导率(10-4~10-2 S/m)。认识这种异常现象的起源，对于更好地理解地球内部的结构和一些典型的地质学过程具有重要的意义。虽然目前有多种机制试图对大陆下地壳高电导率现象进行解释，但是争论依然激烈，已有的模型(含水矿物模型、孔隙流体模型、颗粒边界石墨膜模型和正空穴电子对模型等)都不能提供令人信服的答案。对安徽女山下地壳麻粒岩包体中的主要组成矿物(斜长石、斜方辉石、单斜辉石)的Micro FTIR分析表明：这三种矿物普遍含有结构水，含量分别可以高至~1 700×10-6、~1 600×10-6和~2 400×10-6。麻粒岩中结构水的存在可能会对大陆下地壳的电导率分布产生重要的影响，从而可能为认识其起源提供一个新的解释方法。     

广东数字地震台网供电系统的管理

介绍了广东台网供电系统的系统结构，以及广东台网运行3年多在电源管理方面积累的一些成功经验。     

原始电阻率各向异性岩石电阻率变化的方向性

在3种非含岩成分造成的岩石原始电阻率各向异性标本(在采集和加工过程中，标本完整性遭 到破坏的标本)，和一种由含岩成分形成的 岩石原始电阻率各向异性标本上，布设多个电极，并将标本用水饱和. 然后用多电极组合法 ，将己布电极组合成不同方向、不同极距的电阻率各向异性测线. 采用单轴压缩、低围压 三 轴压缩和剪切3种加载方式，对标本进行动态电阻率变化实验. 观测标本电阻率随承载力的 变化. 实验结果表明∶对于岩石原始电阻率各向异性标本，在电阻率变化各向异性方面，与 岩石 原始电阻率各向同性标本相似，即∶裂隙和破碎带通过区域的测点，视电阻率变化各向异性 结果好，４种组合求得的４个各向异性主轴方向趋向一致，且与破碎带方向基本吻合；裂隙 和破碎带不经过区域的测点，４个视电阻率变化各向异性主轴方向不一致，或者根本求不出 各向异性解. 这后一种情况，在裂隙面平行测量面时，表现最为明显.     

剪切和摩擦滑动大模型的视电阻率变化幅度和各向异性

用石英砂、河砂和水泥模压制成1m×1m×0.3m的均匀和非均匀介质模型，对模型进行剪切和摩擦滑动实验，观测模型不同位置和不同方位的视电阻率变化幅度和各向异性特征. 均匀介质模型实验结果为：电阻率变化与测线的位置有关，距裂隙近的测线，电阻率变化幅度大，从百分之几到百分之几十；距裂隙远的测线，电阻率变化幅度小，从百分之几到不变. 对于非均匀介质模型，电阻率变化幅度要小一些，最大也只有百分之几. 电阻率变化除与测线的位置有关外，还与测线的方位有关，同一测点不同方位的测线，电阻率变化幅度不同，有的差别很大. 剪切与摩擦滑动两种加载方式的电阻率变化幅度数量级相同. 裂隙穿过部位及其附近测点的电阻率变化各向异性主轴方位解与剪切和摩擦滑动的实际裂隙方位吻合较好.     

高阻管道体电阻率法的应用研究

根据理论计算结果,经模型实验和实际工程应用,对电阻率法探测高阻管道体的异常特征进行了分析.给出了电测剖面与管道体走向不垂直时的异常特征及相关计算结果,指出实际工作中应该注意的问题.     

苍山5.2级地震前临沂台深井地电异常

对苍山５．２级地震前距震中２３ｋｍ的临沂台深井地电观测资料进行了分析．结果表明,震前该台电阻率和自然电位出现了长达５年的与地震活动性异常同步的趋势异常．震前６个月电阻率出现下降异常．震前２４天自然电位和电阻率同时急剧下降,震后又同时急剧回升     

基于Rough Set理论的油层识别方法

本文简介了智能信息处理中新出现的Ｒｏｕｇｈ Ｓｅｔ（ＲＳ）理论,讨论了ＲＳ理论进行决策分析的方法,提出了将连续属性离用化的最优化思想,并探讨了ＲＳ理论用于测井数据判别油水层的问题。判别结果表明;本方法具有速度快,易实现,可优选属性等特点,且判别符合油水层的问题,判别结果表明：本方法具有速度快,易实现,可优选属性等特点,且判别符合率优于手工方法与ＢＰ网络方法,具有实用价值。     

Significant resistivity changes in the fault zone associated with the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake, west-central Taiwan

The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the possible influence of an earthquake on the resistivity distribution in a fault zone. We collected resistivity image profiles across a proposed fault trace prior to the 7.3 magnitude 1999 shallow earthquake in the Chi-Chi area of Taiwan. Significant positive resistivity anomalies were observed in the hanging wall after the earthquake. However, there were negligible resistivity changes in the footwall. From an examination of geoelectric phenomena and surface rupture in the fault zone, it is believed that geoelectric anomalies are associated with abrupt displacement along the active Chelungpu fault. This result indicates a potential for resistivity methods to provide a basis for the monitoring of an active fault.     

The use of multi-electrode resistivity imaging in gravel prospecting

We investigated the potential of using a 24-electrode resistivity imaging apparatus for rapid reconnaissance surveys for natural-aggregate accumulation. The surveys were first calibrated at sites with known geometry of sand and gravel layers, which showed that subsurface accumulation of coarse material was accurately resolved with both 2- and 4-m electrode spacing. The inverted absolute resistivity of economically viable gravel deposits varied in the range of 300–1500 Ω m, depending on variation in ground-moisture levels. The exploration surveys were then conducted at seven sites where geomorphological analyses indicated a potential for gravel. Four of these sites, where subsurface resistivity did not exceed 30–40 Ω m, were found to have very little or no coarse material. The three remaining sites showed significant accumulations of high-resistivity material, two of which were subsequently augered for verification. The results of drilling demonstrated that resistivity images were an effective indicator of the presence of coarse material in the subsurface, allowing accurate determination of subsurface distribution and thickness of sand and gravel strata. The total volume of a deposit could easily be estimated from resistivity images. The absolute quality and economic value of the material, is, however, difficult to ascertain from resistivity images alone without drilling.