地面电探CT技术的研究及其在三峡地区地下考古中的应用试验

１９９４年３月在三峡淹没区进行综合考古物探研究（该项目主要由日本田中保士先生资助）时，根据电流扩散及穿透原理，提出了地面电探ＣＴ新技术并将其用于考古实践．为获得资料的充分重叠，可使用数十至５０００个探头，现场实时或线下处理得到数百幅纵、横断面及一定深度平剖面的彩色影像图、可直观显示数十米深的地下微观结构．至少对１—３个推断墓，经洛阳铲钻探结果发现了‘活土”，有可能发现公元前４７５—２２１年的“巴王陵”．本研究所发展的地面电探ＣＴ有益于考古技术现代化及三峡地下文物的抢救．     

Appreciation of spherically symmetric models of electrical conductivity

A procedure is suggested of a more effective and faster computation of the impedance, the transfer function and amplitudes of the induced field in a spherically symmetric model of the electrical conductivity. The existing induction data have been supplemented by about 80 new values derived from the analysis of daily means. The fit of the existing 1-D models of the electrical conductivity of the mantle to the set of induction data is investigated. The characteristic equation for the free electromagnetic oscillations of a radially inhomogeneous Earth is derived and its possible importance in solving the inverse problem of electric conductivity is pointed out.     

同时反演地层电阻率与侵入深度的数值方法

作者曾从电法测井的数学模型出发,在假定侵入深度为已知的条件下,给出了反演地层电阻率的一个迭代方法。本文在文献[1]的基础上,将侵入深度也作为反演参数之一,通过适当的变量代换,运用微分方程反问题的数值求解方法,得到了一个可以同时反演地层电阻率与侵入深度的迭代方法。     

电阻率前兆异常指标研究

本文处理了云南及邻近地区1976年以来7次5.4—7.4级地震前后的电阻率观测资料。分析统计这些地震前电阻率异常时间、幅度和范围的结果表明,7级以上地震电阻率的长趋势异常时间为1—2年,异常幅度5%左右;短临异常时间1—2个月,最大异常幅度10.8%;最大异常范围290公里。6级地震的中期异常时间一般在1年以内,异常幅度2—6%,短临异常时间一般为1个月,异常幅度2.5—11.8%,最大异常范围220公里。5级地震无长趋势异常,短临异常时间一般为1个月左右,异常幅度3%左右,异常范围在220公里以内。     

隐伏断层电性特征及浅层电法探测

探讨了不同类型隐伏断层的电性特征及其在浅层电法测试中可能的表现形式,并通过实例阐述了浅层电法探测隐伏断层的步骤及异常识别方法。研究表明浅层电法对某些类型的隐伏断层的探测是有效的,但先验知识非常重要,对于隐伏断层的探测效果与解译起关键作用。     

高密度电阻率法成像

介绍在地质大学电法科研组“高密度电阻率法正、反演软件”的基础上,研制高密度电阻率法2.5维电阻率成像系统;讨论不平地形条件下高密度电阻率法2.5维电阻率成像的算法和软件,可用于九种常用电极装置观测结果的电阻率成像。对理论和实测数据的成像结果表明,该成像系统程序运行稳定,成像效果很好。     

Radio VHF Precursors of Earthquakes

On the basis of our analysis of a number of continuous observations made by the monitoring network on Crete, we assume that electrically active clouds are produced in an atmosphere above the sea on the eve of earthquake. These electrically active clouds, which occur at heights of 0.1–10 km, create the conditions for electrical discharges in an atmosphere that may be the source of the very high frequency (VHF) radio-emissions registered on Crete. We further suggest possible mechanisms of thunder electricity generation. We present the model of convection transport in which the first condition in the generation of thunder electricity is an atmosphere with a horizontal gradient of temperature. Base on this model, the occurrence of electrical charges on the surface of the sea and their transportation further upwards to heights of up to 10 km is due to pollution energy allocated within the bottom of the sea as gases and heat injection. The average flux density and power estimations of the VHF precursors were made for the Crete net situation to compare with published VHF data and radio star sources.     

河北廊坊-天津大港剖面地壳上地幔电性结构特征

在河北廊坊-天津大港一线部署了110 km的MT勘探剖面,通过资料远参考与Robust估算处理及反演解释,对剖面的构造维数及构造方向做了分析;揭示了冀中坳陷、沧县隆起、黄骅坳陷三个不同构造单元及边界接触关系;对地壳、上地幔电性构造层进行了划分和分析。MT成果显示岩石圈体现为纵向分层、横向分块的特征;沧东及大城断裂是区内重要的深大断裂,控制了隆起两侧坳陷的沉积和形成;断裂深部对应上地幔高导层的局部隆起,两侧存在中下地壳高导层的错动。     

滨海城市高密度电法观测精度问题探讨

在滨海软土地区的城市里,由于地下水较浅,地下水的矿化度较高,视电阻率一般都比较低,加之城市内各种工业与民用电器设施的干扰,使得开展高密度电法探测是一件颇为困难的事情,高密度电法探测的精度如何评价和取舍就成了一个不得不面对的问题,根据在天津地区开展高密度电法的实践,对这一问题进行了探讨。     

Electrical imaging of the groundwater aquifer at Banting,Selangor, Malaysia

A geophysical study was carried out in the Banting area of Malaysia to delineate groundwater aquifer and marine clay layer of the alluvial Quaternary deposits of Beruas and Gula Formations. The Beruas Formation is formed by peat and clayey materials as well as silt and sands, whereas the Gula Formation consists of clay, silt, sand and gravels. Both Formations were deposited on top of the Carboniferous shale of the Kenny Hill Formation. A 2-D geoelectrical resistivity technique was used. Resistivity measurement was carried out using an ABEM SAS 4000 Terrameter. The 2-D resistivity data of subsurface material for each survey line was calculated through inverse modelling and then compared with borehole data. The resistivity images of all the subsurface material below the survey lines show similar pattern of continuous structure of layering or layers with some lenses with resistivity ranging from 0.1 to 50 Ωm. The upper layer shows resistivity values ranging from 0.1 to 10 Ωm, representing a clay horizon with a thickness up to 45 m. The second layer with depth varies from 45 to 70 m below surface and has resistivity values ranging from 10 to 30 Ωm. Borehole data indicate coarse sand with some gravels for this layer, which is also the groundwater aquifer in the study area. The lowermost layer at a depth of 70 m below ground level shows resistivity values ranging from 30–50 Ωm and can be correlated with metasedimentary rocks consisting of shale and metaquartzite.