综合物探方法在DQ地区地热勘查中的应用

DQ市国土资源局在目标区内投入重磁电综合物探方法进行地热勘查。通过适合城市施工的测网布设与高精度的数据采集，结合地质地球物理特征的资料处理和针对地热目标的异常提取，解释该区水文构造地质条件与地热远景预测，提出地热开发的有利井位。并以近期施工的钻井试水情况，阐明综合物探方法在地热资源勘查中的有效应用。     

Resistivity structure of a seismic gap along the Atotsugawa Fault, Japan

Seismicity along the Atotsugawa Fault, located in central Japan, shows a clear heterogeneity. The central segment of the fault with low-seismicity is recognized as a seismic gap, although a lot of micro-earthquakes occur along this fault. In order to elucidate the cause of the heterogeneity in seismicity, the electrical resistivity structure was investigated around the Atotsugawa Fault by using the magnetotelluric (MT) method. The regional geoelectrical strikes are approximately parallel to the fault in a low-frequency range. We constructed two-dimensional resistivity models across the fault using TM-mode MT responses to minimize three-dimensional effects on the modeling process. A smooth inversion algorithm was used, and the static-shifts on the apparent resistivity were corrected in the inversion process.A shallow, low resistivity zone along the fault is found from the surface to a depth of 1-2 km in the best-fit model across the high-seismicity segment of the fault. On the other hand, the corresponding low resistivity zone along the low-seismicity segment is limited to a shallower depth less than 1 km. The low resistivity zone along the Atotsugawa Fault is possibly due to fluid in the fracture zone; the segment with higher levels of seismicity may have higher fluid content in the fault zone compared with the lower seismicity segment. On a view of the crustal structure, a lateral resistivity variation in a depth range of 3-12 km is found below the fault trace in the high-seismicity segment, while a resistive layer of wide extent is found at a depth of about 5 km below the fault trace in the low-seismicity segment. The resistive layer is explained by less fluid condition and possibly characterized as high rigidity. Differences in the resistivity structures between low and high-seismicity segments of the fault suggest that the seismic gap in the central part of the Atotsugawa Fault may be interpreted as a locked segment. Thus, MT is an effective method in evaluating a cause and future activity of seismic gaps along active faults.The lower crust appears as a conductive zone beneath the low-seismicity segment, less conductive beneath the high-seismicity segment. Fluid is inferred as a preferable cause of the conductive zone in this study. It is suggested that the conductive lower crust beneath the low-seismicity segment is recognized where fluid is trapped by an impermeable layer in the upper crust. On the other hand, fluid in the lower crust may upwell to the surface along the high-seismicity segment of the fault.     

利用ERT数据推求非均质多孔介质渗透系数初探

高密度电阻率成像法（ERT）能通过改变间距来对不同尺度上的地质体特征进行描述，近年来广泛地应用于地质、工程等领域。本文从电流场和渗流场的相似性出发来研究电阻率和渗透系数之间的关系，简要介绍了利用ERT技术所得的电阻率数据推求渗透系数的基本原理，并利用张家港大新和塘桥两处的ERT测量数据推求出渗透系数。与两地抽水试验结果和岩性取样分析的结果分别进行对比，结果较为吻合。     

Model tank electrical resistivity characterization of LNAPL migration in a clayey-sand formation

A modeling tank time-lapse 2D electrical resistivity experiment was undertaken to model the leakage of petroleum products from underground pipelines into a clayey-sand aquifer. Numerical modeling was employed to simulate the electrode arrays that would resolve the post-leakage subsurface image most efficiently. Of the four arrays tested, the dipole–dipole array proved most effective and was adopted for the laboratory studies. Pre-injection surveys were conducted to assist in discriminating between features caused by hydrocarbon accumulation and those due to natural geologic variability. Subsequently, controlled injection of diesel–oil into the model tank was undertaken at regular intervals over a period of 3 days. Experimental evidence obtained from the studies indicates that high resistivity build up few hours after injection is directly related to hydrocarbon accumulation. Rather than biodegradation of the hydrocarbon, a more probable explanation for the observed decrease in resistivity observed a few hours after injection is simply that the hydrocarbons drained to a deeper level after pooling temporarily at a shallow level.     

Continuous scanning of the mobility and size distribution of charged clusters and nanometer particles in atmospheric air and the Balanced Scanning Mobility Analyzer BSMA

Measuring of charged nanometer particles in atmospheric air is a routine task in research on atmospheric electricity, where these particles are called the atmospheric ions. An aspiration condenser is the most popular instrument for measuring atmospheric ions. Continuous scanning of a mobility distribution is possible when the aspiration condenser is connected as an arm of a balanced bridge. Transfer function of an aspiration condenser is calculated according to the measurements of geometric dimensions, air flow rate, driving voltage, and electric current. The most complicated phase of the calibration is the estimation of the inlet loss of ions due to the Brownian deposition. The available models of ion deposition on the protective inlet screen and the inlet control electrofilter have the uncertainty of about 20%. To keep the uncertainty of measurements low the adsorption should not exceed a few tens of percent. The online conversion of the mobility distribution to the size distribution and a correct reduction of inlet losses are possible when air temperature and pressure are measured simultaneously with the mobility distribution. Two instruments called the Balanced Scanning Mobility Analyzers (BSMA) were manufactured and tested in routine atmospheric measurements. The concentration of atmospheric ions of the size of about a few nanometers is very low and a high air flow rate is required to collect enough of ion current. The air flow of 52 l/s exceeds the air flow in usual aerosol instruments by 2–3 orders of magnitude. The high flow rate reduces the time of ion passage to 60 ms and the heating of air in an analyzer to 0.2 K, which suppresses a possible transformation of ions inside the instrument. The mobility range of the BSMA of 0.032–3.2 cm² V^− 1 s^− 1 is logarithmically uniformly divided into 16 fractions. The size distribution is presented by 12 fractions in the diameter range of 0.4–7.5 nm. The measurement noise of a fraction concentration is typically about 5 cm^− 3 and the time resolution is about 10 min when measuring simultaneously both positive and negative ions in atmospheric air.     

电阻率层析成像在沈阳市地震活断层探测中的应用

本文介绍了在沈阳市活断层探测中应用电阻率层析成像方法取得的结果。,认为应用该方法在目标区可以较准确地探测断层的几何结构和物理特征,为沈阳市活断层探测与地震危险性评价研究提供了准确可靠的物探依据。     

东秦岭岩石层的地电模型

根据大地电磁测深结果,东秦岭河南叶县-湖北南漳地区的岩石层由4个电性单元组成,其中华北地块南缘为相对高温的低阻区;秦岭北部为低温的高阻异常区;南秦岭为高温的低阻区,岩石层平均厚度仅80km,南秦岭的南部推覆到扬子地块之上达40-50km;扬子地块为相对低温的中等电阻率区,岩石层厚度150-200km．利用秦岭地区地壳上地幔岩石样品高温高压条件下电阻率的测定结果推断了各单元岩石层内电性层可能的岩石组成类型,并建立了剖面通过地区岩石层的地电模型．     

一种适于电阻率成像的正演新方法

利用格林函数导出了2．5维问题中研究区域网格化条件下空间任意一点电位所满足的边界积分方程,基于该方程可以灵活地建立电阻率层析成像方法．用边界单元法求解该方程可得到地表和地下的电位分布,从而可以进行视电阻率模拟．所得计算结果与前人的实验结果及用其它方法获得的数值模拟结果的对比说明这一方法的正确性     

Integrated use of hydrochemistry and resistivity methods in groundwater contamination caused by a recently closed solid waste site

 In order to investigate the groundwater contamination by solid waste disposal using both hydrochemical and geophysical methods, the Halkalı (I˙stanbul) solid waste disposal site which was closed in 1994 was investigated. The disposal site lies on a ridge between two valleys filled with alluvium. A total of six boreholes were drilled on two lines across the Menekşe valley adjacent to the Halkalı site. Groundwater samples collected from these boreholes were analyzed for various contaminant parameters. The results indicate that TDS and chloride concentrations decrease horizontally away from the waste site whereas they increase with depth. Electrical soundings carried out at 12 locations yielded high resistivity values at the upstream part of Menekşe valley while lower values were obtained from the locations near the leachate seepage points. Received: 11 November 1997 · Accepted: 23 February 1998     

电测深曲线的遗传算法反演

电测深曲线作为地下介质电阻率和深度的非线性函数，其解具有高度的非唯一性．常规的基于局部线性化的最优化反演方法易使解估计陷入局部极大值中，而且严重地依赖初始模型的选择．遗传算法作为一种全局最优化方法，对初始模型的依赖性大为减弱，且不易陷人局部极大值之中，从而能有效地解决这类非线性最优化问题．本文首次将遗传算法用于电测深解释并对实测曲线进行反演，效果很好，显示了遗传算法独特的优越性．