沉积盆地中恢复地层剥蚀量的新方法

主要介绍了磷灰石裂变径迹分析法,沉积波动过程分析法和宇宙成因核素分析法等３种恢复和计算地层剥蚀量的新方法。它们的优点是不但给出一个剥蚀面造成的地层总的剥蚀量,还能详细刻画整个剥蚀过程,从而能计算出每一期构造抬升引起的地层剥蚀量。     

榆神矿区榆树湾井田及其邻区主采煤层赋存特征研究

利用榆神矿区榆树湾井田及其邻区钻孔资料,采用趋势分析法研究了2-2煤层厚度及其底板高程变化特征,探讨了煤层赋存特征及其成因。结果表明：2-2煤层由南东向北西赋存高程降低,同时煤层厚度变小;2-2煤层厚度的局部性变化受到盆地微古地貌特征或聚煤期基底沉降幅度的控制：煤层底板次级凹陷部位煤层增厚,次级隆起部位为煤层的次级减薄区,说明古地貌低洼处或盆地基底沉降幅度较大的地区对聚煤有利;榆树湾井田和邻区相比是煤层赋存最好的区域。     

夹层厚度对瑞利面波频散曲线的影响

文章以弹性波横波速度为参数,利用瑞利面波频散曲线的快速标量传递算法进行正演模拟计算,系统研究软弱层厚度对瑞利面波基阶模频散曲线的影响,分析和总结了频率与相速度（f-c）、频率与波数（f-k）、深度与相速度（h-c）等瑞利面波基阶模曲线随软弱层厚度变化的规律。     

非均匀月壤介质的被动微波辐射传输模拟

基于非均匀月壤物理模型和辐射传输方程,模拟月壤介质中的微波辐射传输特性,探讨频率、月壤厚度等与月表亮温的关系。结果表明:在低频段,月壤微波辐射亮温的动态变化范围较大,可探测的月壤厚度大,3 GHz时的最大可探测月壤厚度达12.4 m;在高频段对应的可探测月壤厚度较小,特别是从50GHz往后的频率段内,最大可探测月壤厚度均小于2 m。不同频率的亮温-厚度变化曲线没有交叉点,且频率越高,所能探测的月壤厚度越小。根据模拟结果,建立了月壤厚度与亮温的查找表。基于查找表,利用单个波段的亮温数据即可得到月壤厚度信息。     

Rotation and dilation deformation mechanisms for auxetic behaviour in the α-cristobalite tetrahedral framework structure

 Analytical expressions are derived for the Poisson's ratios associated with a three-dimensional network of regular, corner-sharing tetrahedra in which: (1) the tetrahedra are assumed to be rigid and free to rotate relative to each other; (2) the tetrahedra are assumed to maintain shape and orientation but are free to change size (dilate); (3) tetrahedral rotation and dilation are assumed to act concurrently. The structure has a primitive unit cell containing four tetrahedra and is analogous to the molecular structure of α-cristobalite. Strain-dependent variations in Poisson's ratio are also predicted by the models. For deformation due to tetrahedral rotation the network is found to exhibit negative Poisson's ratios in each of the three principal directions, with the magnitude of the Poisson's ratio being dependent on the angle of rotation of the tetrahedra. The behaviour of the Poisson's ratio is isotropic in the transverse plane, but anisotropic elsewhere. In the dilation model negative Poisson's ratios equal to −1 are observed for uniaxial loading in any of the principal directions, with the value being constant irrespective of tetrahedral size. The model for concurrent tetrahedral rotation and dilation allows positive as well as negative Poisson's ratios, with the values determined by the framework geometry and relative strengths of the two mechanisms. The concurrent model also offers a design route to materials and structures having ultrahigh Young's moduli. Received: 15 February 2000 / Accepted: 1 October 2000     

Constraints from Moho geometry and crustal thickness on the geodynamic origin of the Vrancea Seismogenic Zone (Romania)

Reprocessing of industry deep seismic reflection data (Ramnicu Sarat and Braila profiles) from the SE Carpathian foreland of Romania provides important new constraints on geodynamic models for the origin of the intermediate depth Vrancea Seismogenic Zone (VSZ). Mantle (70–200 km) earthquakes of the VSZ are characterized by high magnitudes (greater than 6.5), frequent occurrence rates (approximately 25 years), and confinement in a very narrow (30 × 70 × 200 km³) near vertical zone atypical for a Wadati–Benioff plane, located in front of the orogen. These two deep (20 s) seismic reflection profiles (70 km length across the foreland) reveal (1) a high-amplitude, gently east-dipping reflection across most of the section from what we interpret to be the Moho at  15 s (40–42 km) on the Ramnicu Sarat line to  16 s (47–48 km) on the Braila line, (2) a thick sedimentary cover increasing in thickness from east (1 s;  800 m) to west (7.5 s; 14 km), (3) an eastward increase in crustal thickness from 38 km (near VSZ) to  45 km, (4) seismic and topographic evidence for a newly imaged, possibly seismically active basement fault with a surface offset of 30 m observed on the Ramnicu Sarat line, (5) a lack of notable west-dipping structures in the crust and across the Moho, and (6) variable displacements on Peceneaga–Camena Fault of  5 km at Moho and  200 m at the basement–sedimentary cover contact.These observations appear to argue against recent models for west-dipping subduction of oceanic lithosphere at or in the vicinity of the Vrancea Seismogenic Zone given the lack of west-dipping fabrics in the lower crust and across the crust–mantle boundary. Consequently, one possible explanation for the geodynamic origin of VSZ could be partial delamination of the continental lithosphere in an intra-plate setting along a sub-horizontal lithospheric interface in the Carpathian hinterland that likely involves remnant lithospheric coupling between the crust and uppermost mantle in the foreland.     

Modeling discontinuous rock mass based on smoothed finite element method

This paper aims at developing a method for modeling rock mass with preexisting multiple discontinuities within the framework of the smoothed finite element method (SFEM). The discontinuity is simulated by an interface element with zero thickness, the stiffness matrix of which are derived explicitly based on the SFEM. An elastic damage constitutive relation with residual strength is introduced in order to describe the nonlinear mechanical behavior of the discontinuities. The computation codes of the present method were developed. The present method has been verified to be a sound approach for modeling discontinuous rock mass, inheriting the advantages of the SFEM.     

钻孔弹模法在某核岛岩体力学特性中的应用研究

钻孔试验法的最大优点是可测试深部岩体力学参数(变形模量或弹性模量),为工程支护设计、工程安全性评价提供最为不可缺少的参数。本文结合某核岛工程,介绍了钻孔弹模法在岩体力学特性的工程应用。研究表明:该方法能够反映岩体结构特征,测试获得的压力变形曲线符合实际,规律性良好。在低压力段,变形发展很快,压力与变形曲线呈非线性; 在中压力段,钻孔弹模计的承压板在不断输出增大的压力下与孔壁岩体达到全接触,裂隙闭合,压力与变形曲线接近线性; 在高压力段以上,压力与变形曲线在经历了低压力段非线性,中压力段接近线性后最终呈线性。考虑到岩体本身结构质量变化,弹性模量与变形模量会随深度发生一定的变化。经进一步分析核岛岩体变形模量或弹性模量可知,微风化至新鲜的花岗岩岩体各向异性不明显,部分受裂隙和结构面切割影响的测段岩体模量值小于其他测段,岩体模量比值较大,表现出较强的各向异性。最终,本文还给出了微风化至新鲜的花岗岩变形模量值NS向标准值为24.021.61GPa, EW向标准值为23.921.56GPa,综合变形模量标准值为23.971.10GPa; 弹性模量值NS向标准值为45.152.58GPa; EW向标准值为44.252.57GPa; 综合弹性模量标准值为44.701.79GPa。     

基于指示和普通克里金的不连续地层厚度估计方法

因为克里金插值方法考虑了样本的空间统计特征而被广泛应用于地层建模。但对于地层尖灭、缺失等不连续地层情况,常用的克里金方法（如普通克里金方法）通常给出较为平滑的地层厚度估计结果,在地层分布边缘的局部范围内与实际情况相差较大。针对不连续地层,提出一种采用指示克里金和普通克里金相结合的地层厚度估计方法。该方法首先采用指示克里金方法估计地层分布范围,然后采用普通克里金方法估计分布范围内的地层厚度,并根据估计标准差来评价地层厚度的不确定性。将提出的方法应用于上海长江隧道的地层建模,通过交叉验证,证明了该方法在地层分布边缘的局部范围内能明显改善地厚度估计结果,标准差降低了15%～18%,得到了比普通克里金和线性插值方法更接近真实情况的地层厚度估计值。