球面波的反射P波AVO分析

本文对球面波反射P波反射系数计算公式进行了推导,根据推导公式计算出第I类AVO和第Ⅲ类AVO介质中反射系数及相位随入射角的变化,并与基于平面波的Zoeppritz方程计算的结果进行对比.结果显示,对于第I类AVO介质,球面波反射系数在临界角附近较基于平面波的Zoeppritz方程计算结果更精确;同时受界面深度的影响较大,随深度的增加,球面波AVO趋势接近平面波AVO.最后,通过数值模拟技术,对模型数据和实际数据进行模拟,对平面波AVO道集和球面波AVO道集进行了验证分析.浅层的第I类AVO现象,在近临界角和超临界角处折射引起反射系数与相位的变化较大,对于第Ⅲ类AVO现象,由于不存在临界角问题,球面波模拟结果与基于平面波的Zoeppritz计算结果差别较小.上述计算分析,可为实际资料的大偏移距道集的AVO分析提供理论基础.     

岩石塑性变形条件下的Mohr-Coulomb屈服准则

传统的Mohr-Coulomb强度准则仅描述了峰值强度状态下正应力和剪应力之间的关系,作为岩石破坏的判据.本文拓展概念,提出Mohr-Coulomb屈服准则表述岩石发生塑性变形后不同应力状态下屈服面的应力应变关系.在总结实验研究的基础上建立了使用三轴压缩试验数据确定塑性参数c和φ随内变量κ变化的实验技术方法,给出了评价各向同性模型精度的参量表达以及某些测试结果.采用具有各向同性强(软)化规律的Mohr-Coulomb屈服准则,利用岩石的初始屈服、峰值屈服和残余屈服三组参数可以将全过程应力应变曲线简化表征为四直线模型,它比三线性模型有更广泛的适用性.本文的结果为工程地质数值模拟提供了理论和实验基础,具有指导意义.     

稀疏测线大地电磁资料三维反演研究:合成算例(英文)

受勘探成本和工区环境等因素的影响,当前大多数大地电磁实际工作采取布置稀疏测线采集数据和使用二维反演方法解释这些稀疏测线数据的方式。然而,二维反演方法在解释三维地电构造数据时存在局限性,有时甚至做出错误的地质解释。本文尝试了使用三维反演方法对大地电磁稀疏测线数据进行反演解释。使用大地电磁全信息资料三维共轭梯度反演程序对理论模型合成稀疏测线数据进行了三维反演。结果表明:这种反演方案是可行与有效的。同时,我们发现在不同数据的三维反演结果中,四个张量阻抗元素和两个倾子数据同时反演的结果相对更为准确,更接近理论模型。     

利用单台波形资料计算大柴旦6．3级地震余震震源机制

以2008年11月10日大柴旦Ms6．3级地震余震数字地震波观测资料为基础,运用矩张量反演方法,利用单台三分量波形资料计算余震的震源机制。收集整理大柴旦Ms6．3级地震公认的震源参数结果和青海区域地震台网数字地震波资料,以大柴旦Ms6．3级地震的震源参数作为约束,计算理论地震波来确定该区域的地壳速度模型。以此模型计算ML≥2．0级余震震源机制解。共收集160个余震资料,最后确定了85个余震震源机制解,其中最大震级为朋。4．7,最小震级为ML2.0。进行单台与多台联合矩张量反演结果对比,两种方法所确定的结果相差不大。实际计算表明,在观测资料信噪比较高的情况下,运用单台数字地震波观测资料可以较好地确定中小地震的震源机制。     

首都圈地区震源机制解综合研究

对首都圈地区2002年1月～2010年6月619个ML≥2.0地震的震源机制解的基本特征进行了统计分析,并且依据区域构造特征将首都圈划分为3个区域,用聚类统计方法中的最长距离法对各分区的机制解进行了聚类分析,研究了各分区的构造应力张量特征。研究结果表明,首都圈地区震源机制解P轴方位的优势分布为NNE-NEE向,T轴方位的优势分布为NNW-NWW向,绝大多数地震震源处的应力场以水平作用为主,破裂以水平走滑为主。首都圈西部最大主压应力方位为NE75°,中部最大主压应力方位为NE62°,东部最大主压应力方位近EW向,区域构造应力场以水平向挤压为主要特征。     

地壳形变与强震地点预测问题与认识

通过对昆仑山口西8.1级地震和汶川8.0级地震震前GPS资料所反映的孕震特征的分析, 对地壳形变资料应用于孕震机理和地震预测研究中在最近几十年的主要进展进行了回顾分析, 并对比了中外学者针对上述问题科学思路的异同。 在此基础上, 对走滑型和倾滑型地震断层带区域孕震形变场特征进行分析, 强调孕震过程地壳形变的认识模式需要从孕震断层拓展到区域甚至更大区域, 并需从多尺度地壳形变时空过程来认识强震孕震形变动态特征, 进而获取强震预测判据。     

A new technique for moment tensor inversion with applications to the 2008 Wenchuan M S8.0 earthquake sequence

A MS8.0 earthquake occurred in Wenchuan County, Sichuan Province, China, on May 12, 2008, and subsequently, numerous aftershocks followed. We obtained the moment tensor solutions and source time functions (STFs) for the Wenchuan earthquake and its seven larger aftershocks (MS5.0~6.0) by a new technique of moment tensor inversion using the broadband and long-period seismic waveform data from the Global Seismic Network (GSN). Firstly, the theoretical background and technical flow of the new technique was briefly introduced, and an aftershock of the Wenchuan earthquake sequence was employed to illustrate the real procedure for inverting the moment tensor; secondly, the moment tensor solutions and STFs of the eight events, including the main shock, were presented, and finally, the interpretation of the results was made. The agreement of our results with the GCMT results indicates the new approach is efficient and feasible. By using this approach, not only the moment tensor solution can be obtained but also the STF can be retrieved; the inverted STFs indicate that the source rupture process may be com-plicated even for the moderate earthquakes. The inverted focal mechanisms of the Wenchuan earthquake sequence show that the most of the aftershocks occurred in the main faults of the Longmenshan fault zone with predomi-nantly thrustingwith minor right-lateral strike-slip component, but some of them may have occurred in the sub-faults with strike-slip faulting in the vicinity of the main faults.     

Derived gravity field of the seismogenic upper crust of SE Germany and West Bohemia and its comparison with seismicity

The gravity field of the seismogenic upper crust was derived from the Bouguer gravity map by applying the Butterworth high-pass filter in the wave-number domain. The cutoff wavelength of the filter was 110 km, to pass the gravity signals of structures within the 18 km thick seismogenic layer. The derived residual gravity map reveals potential stress concentrating structures, which may cause seismicity provided they lie within the existing zones of weakness. Furthermore we derived a shaded relief map of the horizontal gravity gradient, which highlighted the tectonic lines accompanied by density contrast. The directional analysis of this map shows three dominant strike directions. The most prominent one is “the Hercynian” NW-SE strike direction represented by the Franconian Line, the Gera-Jáchymov Fault Zone and the Elbe Zone. The second dominant strike is the Rhenisch NNE-SSW trending represented by the Upper Rhine Graben Zone, Rheinsberg-Heldburg Line and several Proterozoic volcanic belts in the Teplá-Barrandien Unit. The third pronounced trending of the ENE-WSW direction is represented by the Erzgebirge and Eger Graben gravity low. The N-S trending Rostock-Leipzig-Regensburg Zone (Pritzwalk-Naab Lineament) is not distinctly reflected in the derived gravity maps, although many fault segments have a meridian direction. The relative reactivation potential of some pre-existing fault systems identified in the gravity map was studied with respect to the wide range of the recent stress configuration determined in the West Bohemia/Vogtland region. The resulting diagrams show that the steep NNW-SSE to N-S faults (represented by some segments of the Mariánské Lázně Fault Zone) are oriented favourably for reactivation. On the contrary, the orientation of the ENE-WSW faults limiting the Eger Graben (Litoměřice Fault, etc.) is unfavourable for reactivation for all dip values.     

Using Long-Period Body Wave to Inverse Moment Tensors of the M_S6.8 Jiashi,Xinjiang Earthquake in 2003 and the Moderate and Small Earthquakes before and after It

An Ms6.8 strong earthquake took place in Jiashi, Xinjiang on February 24 of 2003. The digital wave form data recorded in Kashi and Wushi stations are selected to inverse the moment tensor solutions for the strong earthquake and the moderate and small earthquakes before and after it （ 108 earthquakes in 2001 - 2004）. 67 focal mechanism solutions have been calculated, and the results agree with those from Harvard University and USGS. The analysis reveals that before the strong earthquake, the moderate and small earthquake distribution was dispersed, and after the event the distribution was mainly concentrated around the strong earthquake. Before the strong earthquake, the seismic faults of the mid and small events had the character of strike-slip and normal faulting, and after the event, they exhibit strike-slip and thrust faulting. The region is dominated by near-NS horizontal compression from the southern block after the strong earthquake.     

利用重力地形导纳估计月壳厚度

在频域使用多窗口(Multitaper)方法来计算月球正面四个形成于不同历史时期月海区(Smythii, Crisium, Imbrium, Orientale)的重力地形导纳,然后将其与月球弹性岩石圈的理论导纳模型相比较,由最小二乘法得出四个月海区的月球岩石圈的平均弹性厚度约为8 km,月壳的厚度分别为：Smythii 盆地,72 km; Crisium 盆地 70 km;Orientale 盆地 60 km;Imbrium 盆地57 km.随着月球的演化,月壳厚度呈现变厚的趋势.