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91.
大兴安岭北部主要金属矿床成矿系列和区域矿床成矿谱系 总被引:10,自引:4,他引:6
文章以大兴安岭北部内生金属矿床、海相火山岩型硫铁矿矿床和砂金矿床为研究对象,按照矿床成矿系列的学术思想将其划分为7个矿床成矿系列,即:多宝山地区与加里东期中酸性火山_侵入活动有关的铜、钼矿床成矿系列,呼玛地区与华力西期辉长岩和花岗岩有关的铁、钛、金矿床成矿系列,伊尔施_黑河地区与华力西期花岗岩和海相火山岩有关的铁、铜、锌、硫铁矿矿床成矿系列,牙克石地区与华力西期海相中基性火山岩有关的铁、锌、硫铁矿矿床成矿系列,得尔布干地区与印支期_燕山期中酸性火山_侵入活动有关的铅、锌、银、铜、钼、金矿床成矿系列,伊尔施_呼玛地区与燕山期中酸性火山_侵入活动有关的金、铁、锌、铜、钼、钨矿床成矿系列和黑龙江流域与第四纪冲积沉积作用有关的砂金矿床成矿系列。大兴安岭北部区域矿床成矿谱系表明,从奥陶纪到新生代该区不同构造单元经历了7个主要的构造演化及成矿时期,依次出现奥陶纪岛弧环境的斑岩型矿床、泥盆纪陆块边缘拉张环境的岩浆型和热液脉型矿床、泥盆纪—石炭纪俯冲_碰撞环境的海相火山岩型和矽卡岩型矿床、石炭纪弧后盆地环境的海相火山岩型矿床、晚三叠世—早白垩世俯冲_碰撞_后碰撞环境的斑岩型、热液脉型、浅成低温热液型和矽卡岩型矿床、早侏罗世—早白垩世俯冲环境的斑岩型、热液脉型、浅成低温热液型和矽卡岩型矿床和新生代地壳差异运动带砂金矿床。大兴安岭北部优势矿种为铜、钼、金、银、铅、锌,主攻矿床类型为斑岩型、热液脉型、低硫化浅成低温热液型、冲积型和海相火山岩型。 相似文献
92.
Logan R. Wetherell Lisa L. Ely Joshua J. Roering Megan K. Walsh Molly J. Burchfield Keifer E. Nace Meaghan M. Wetherell William T. Struble 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2021,46(7):1375-1392
Understanding sedimentation patterns in small coastal watersheds due to landscape perturbations is critical for connecting hillslope and fluvial processes, in addition to managing aquatic habitats for anadromous fish and other aquatic species in the Oregon Coast Range (OCR). Changes in sedimentation patterns spanning the last 250 years are preserved in two landslide-dammed lakes in small watersheds (< 10 km2) underlain by the Tyee Formation in the central OCR. Dendrochronology of drowned Douglas-fir stumps in both lakes provided precise timing of the damming and formation of the lakes, with Klickitat Lake forming in winter ad 1751/52 and Wasson Lake in winter ad 1819/20. Perturbations from wildfires, logging and road development, and previously underappreciated snow events affect sedimentation rates in the lakes to different degrees, and are identified in the sediment record using cesium-137 (137Cs), high-resolution charcoal stratigraphy, local fire records, and aerial photography. Each lake has variable sedimentation accumulation rates (0.05–4.4 cm yr−1) and mass accumulation rates (0.02–1.42 g cm−2 yr−1). Sedimentation rates remained low from the landslide-damming events until the mid-19th century, when they increased following stand-replacing wildfires. Aside from a sediment remobilization triggered by human modification of the landslide dam at Klickitat Lake around 1960, the largest peaks in mass accumulation rates in the mid-20th century at both lakes in the early 1950s precede major road construction and logging activity in the watersheds. Subsequent sedimentation rates are lower, but variable, and possible effects of logging and road development might be exacerbated by abnormal precipitation and heavy snow events. A comparison of previous studies of landslide-dammed lakes in larger watershed of the OCR are consistent with our findings of increased sedimentation in the mid-20th century, as well as higher sedimentation rates in the debris-flow dominated southern Tyee Formation than in the lower-relief northern Tyee Formation. 相似文献
93.
Over the last decade, hundreds of climate change adaptation projects have been funded and implemented. Despite the importance of these first-generation adaptation projects for establishing funders and implementors’ “best practices,” very little is known about how early adaptation projects have endured, to what ends, and for whom. In this article, I propose a community-based methodology for ex-post assessment of climate change adaptation projects. This methodology contributes to recognitional justice by asking the individuals and collectives tasked with sustaining adaptation initiatives to define adaptation success and what criteria for success should be assessed. I apply this subjective assessment approach in 10 communities across Ecuador that participated in an internationally funded adaptation project that concluded in 2015. My analysis draws together participatory mapping, walking interviews with local leaders, participant observation, and surveys with former project participants. The results highlight that even adaptation projects that were deemed highly successful at their closure have uncertain futures. I find that the sustainability mechanisms that were envisioned by project implementors have not functioned, and communities are shouldering the burden of reviving failing adaptation interventions. These findings highlight that the current model of episodic funding for climate change adaptation projects and evaluation processes needs to be revisited to acknowledge the long-term challenges faced by communities. This analysis also calls attention to the importance of ex-post assessment for adaptation projects and the potential of subjective assessment approaches for building more ontological and epistemological pluralism in understandings of successful climate change adaptation. 相似文献
94.
潮汐效应对沿海大范围、高精度的合成孔径雷达干涉测量(Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar, InSAR)技术地表形变监测的影响不可忽略.潮汐效应中的固体潮(Solid Earth Tide, SET)位移和海洋潮汐负荷(Ocean Tide Loading, OTL)位移会在时间和空间域上对沿海大范围InSAR地表形变监测产生分米级的误差,而且不同条带中地表潮汐形变时空差异性会对多条带InSAR影像拼接产生较大误差.本文针对沿海地区多条带InSAR形变时序,重点分析了潮汐效应在不同条带InSAR地表沉降监测中的影响,并采用多种潮汐位移估计方法对多条带地表潮汐形变进行改正.结果表明,研究区域不同条带时序InSAR中地表潮汐形变具有较大的时空差异性,其造成沿海地区相邻条带时序InSAR地表沉降速率差异能达到1~2 cm·a-1;通过固体潮模型、海潮负荷模型或GPS参考站网海潮位移改正,能够消除不同条带中地表潮汐形变时空差异性对时序InSAR形变结果拼接产生的空间高阶非线性误差,弥补了传统拼接方法在拟合潮汐位移偏差的不足.在大气延迟误差改正的基础上,时序InSAR形变残差的标准差(Standard Deviation, STD)由潮汐改正前的2.3 cm减少至0.75 cm;本文研究揭示了沿海地表潮汐形变改正对多条带时序InSAR形变结果拼接的重要性,可大幅提高沿海地区广域时序InSAR地表形变监测的精度. 相似文献
95.
极移高精度预报对卫星实时定轨、深空探测器导航等应用至关重要.本文提出了一种联合有效角动量(Effective Angular Momentum, EAM)与国际全球卫星导航系统服务组织(International GNSS Service, IGS)提供的超快解数据进行极移预报的方法.该方法基于IGS超快解数据得到的极移第1天预报值,对引入EAM得到的极移预报结果进行校正,获得联合预报值.首先,基于LS(Least Squares)+AR(Auto-Regressive)模型实现了引入EAM的极移预报,相对国际地球自转与参考系统服务组织(International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service, IERS)提供的公报A数据,在超短期(第1~10天)预报跨度可以得到更高精度的极移预报结果,其中大气和海洋角动量发挥了主要作用.其次,鉴于IGS超快解数据精度高、更新快的特点,以IGS超快解为基础数据,基于LS+AR模型可以得到极移第1天预报值,其精度显著优于IERS公报A的极移第1天预报值.最后,利用第1天预报值对顾及有效角动量的预报结果进行校正获得了联合预报值,进一步提高了超短期极移预报精度(尤其是第1~5天).2020年7月24日—2022年1月30日间的联合预报结果表明:第1~20天的预报值总体优于IERS公报A的预报值.其中,第1~10天的预报精度显著提升,在预报第1天,X、Y方向预报值相对公报A预报值的精度提升分别可达39.5%~62.3%和24.5%~51.9%;在预报第10天,相对公报A预报值的精度提升分别可达28.0%~28.9%和21.9%~23.4%. 相似文献
96.
走时计算在地震学以及勘探地震学中具有广泛的应用.快速推进法是一种快速求解地震波走时的方法.但是, 由于波前面在震源附近存在较大曲率, 采用传统方法会产生较大误差.为了解决这个问题, 我们提出了基于等效慢度的快速推进法求解地震波走时.该方法采用了\"以直代曲\"的思想, 定义等效慢度为走时与点到源点直线距离的商.这种处理方式其实是把走时场的复杂度或曲率信息部分转移到具有解析解的距离项上, 使得等效慢度具有更小的曲率半径, 并且等效慢度场的分布更加光滑.使用差分格式对等效慢度进行离散求解代替传统方法对走时的离散求解, 在得到等效慢度以后, 用距离乘以等效慢度得到该点的走时, 可以获得更高的精度.最后, 通过数值算例的精度和效率分析, 验证了算法的有效性. 相似文献
97.
为了分析金华市风能资源的丰匮及其分布状况,利用2017—2020年金华市8个国家地面气象观测站和169个区域自动气象站的逐小时风向风速资料,统计分析了平均风速、有效风速时数、有效风能密度等风资源评估参数。结果表明:按照风能资源区划标准,武义大莱站和义乌站的风能资源达到可利用区的标准,而其他站点则处在风能资源贫乏区,其中,大莱距地面10 m高度的年平均有效风能密度达107.5 W/m2,有效风速时数为5 481.0 h,年主导风向为WNW,义乌的有效风能密度则为51.5 W/m2,有效风速时数2 571.3 h,年主导风向为N;义乌平均风速的日变化幅度较大,不利于其风电在并网过程中的安全稳定。 相似文献
98.
二道河子铅锌矿床位于额尔古纳地块得尔布干成矿带的中段,地处大兴安岭西坡。为有效限制该矿床的成矿时代,对硫化物Rb-Sr年龄和安山玢岩锆石U-Pb年龄开展研究得出:该矿床的内生成矿作用共经历了3个成矿阶段:石英-黄铁矿阶段(Ⅰ)、石英-多金属硫化物阶段(Ⅱ)和石英-方解石-黄铁矿阶段(Ⅲ),其中石英-多金属硫化物阶段是主要的矿化阶段;Ⅲ号矿带主成矿阶段5件闪锌矿和3件黄铁矿的Rb、Sr含量分别为0.081×10-6~2.632×10-6和0.661×10-6~3.186×10-6,Rb-Sr同位素等时线年龄为140.8±2.3 Ma,(87Sr/86Sr)i值为0.71025~0.71205;与矿体平行、局部切穿矿体的安山玢岩脉的锆石U-Pb年龄为138.8±1.7 Ma。上述结果表明,二道河子矿床为热液脉状铅锌矿床,形成于早白垩世,与次火山岩(安山玢岩)热事件相近。结合前人研究成果,推测成矿与安山质岩浆作用有关,形成于蒙古-鄂霍茨克洋闭合后的伸展环境。 相似文献
99.
大兴安岭北段早古生代花岗岩主要分布于漠河—塔河一线。对漠河北部洛古河二长花岗岩开展岩石年代学与岩石地球化学研究。二长花岗岩中锆石为岩浆成因,LA-ICP-MS U-Pb测年表明,其形成时代为晚寒武世(486±3 Ma)。岩石具高硅(SiO2=62.75%~73.32%)、富碱(ALK=8.30%~9.45%)、高铝(Al2O3=13.97%~16.53%)、低镁、低钙和低钛的特点,铝饱和指数A/CNK为0.91~1.10,属偏铝质高钾钙碱性岩石系列。SiO2与Al2O3和P2O5具有较好的负相关性;富集Rb、Th、U、K、Zr、Hf等元素,而强烈亏损Ba、Nb、Ta、Sr、P、Ti等元素,球粒陨石标准化的稀土元素配分曲线图中呈轻稀土元素富集、重稀土元素亏损的右倾型配分模式,显示了Ⅰ型花岗岩特征。综合分析认为,洛古河岩体形成于西伯利亚板块南缘与额尔古纳等微陆块碰撞造山晚期由挤压体制向拉张体制转换的后碰撞构造环境。 相似文献
100.
Tian Nan Chen Yue Wen-geng Cao En-lin Mu Yang Ou Zhen-sheng Lin Wei Kang 《地下水科学与工程》2023,11(3):278-293
The effective recovery of water level is a crucial measure of the success of comprehensive groundwater over-exploitation management actions in North China. However, traditional evaluation method do not directly capture the relationship between mining and other equilibrium elements. This study presents an innovative evaluation method to assess the water level recovery resulting from mining reduction based on the relationship between variation in exploitation and recharge. Firstly, the recharge variability of source and sink terms for both the base year and evaluation year is calculated and the coefficient of recharge variation β is introduced, which is then used to calculate the effective mining reduction and solve the water level recovery value caused by the effective mining reduction, and finally the water level recovery contribution by mining reduction is calculated by combining with the actual volume of mining reduction in the evaluation area. This research focuses on Baoding and Shijiazhuang Plain area, which share similar hydrogeological conditions but vary in groundwater exploitation and utilization. As the effect of groundwater level recovery with mining reduction was evaluated in these two areas as case study. In 2018, the results showed an effective water level recovery of 0.17 m and 0.13 m in the shallow groundwater of Shijiazhuang and Baoding Plain areas, respectively. The contributions of recovery from mining reduction were 76% and 57.98% for these two areas, respectively. It was notable that the water level recovery was most prominent in the foothill plain regions. From the evaluation results, it is evident that water level recovery depends not only on the intensity of groundwater mining reduction, but also on its effectiveness. The value of water level recovery alone cannot accurately indicate the intensity of mining reduction, as recharge variation significantly influences water level changes. Therefore, in practice, it is crucial to comprehensively assess the impact of mining reduction on water level recovery by combining the coefficient of recharge variation with the contribution of water level recovery from mining reduction. This integrated approach provide a more reasonable and scientifically supported basis, offering essential data support for groundwater management and conservation. To improve the accuracy and reliability of evaluation results, future work will focus on the standardizing and normalizing raw data processing. 相似文献