大兴安岭北段下侏罗统柴河组的厘定及地质意义

大兴安岭北段首次厘定出下侏罗统柴河组,为一套沉积岩及中性岩为主的火山岩岩石组合。在底部沉积岩层位中发现早侏罗世植物分子,为Podozamites sp.(苏铁衫属),Equisetites sp.(似木贼属)。火山岩-粗安岩锆石U-Pb同位素年龄为183.8±3.9Ma,时代为早侏罗世。锆石Hf同位素显示,初始~(176)Hf/~(177)Hf值分布于0.282935~0.282991之间,ε_(Hf)(t)值为+9.7~+11.4,Hf二阶段模式年龄T_(DM2)为495~612Ma,说明这些火山岩的原始岩浆来自新生中下地壳的部分熔融,表明额尔古纳地块的主体增生年代为新元古代。柴河期火山岩形成于活动陆缘弧环境,是早侏罗世蒙古-鄂霍茨克洋向南东方向俯冲的产物。下侏罗统柴河组的厘定,说明大兴安岭地区存在早侏罗世火山岩地层及相应的火山活动事件。该组的确立及引入,对大兴安岭中生代构造岩浆活动的研究及中生代火山岩地层划分对比、区域构造演化探讨具有重要的地质意义。     

大兴安岭北段东坡小莫尔可地区中生代火山岩成因及其地质意义:元素、Hf同位素地球化学与锆石U-Pb同位素定年

大兴安岭是中国东北部陆相火山岩发育的地区之一,其不仅分布广泛,而且空间岩相组合变化较大、成因复杂。笔者对大杨树火山盆地西缘喷发就位在花岗岩带的小莫尔可地区中生代火山岩的地质、岩相学、年代学、元素和Hf同位素地球化学进行了研究。结果表明,该区出露火山岩可划分3个阶段,第一阶段主要为英安质火山碎屑岩夹英安岩组合,呈爆发式火山喷发特征;第二阶段为玄武质粗面安山岩、粗面安山岩组合,呈溢流式火山喷发特征;第三阶段是玄武粗面安山质熔结火山碎屑岩(部分含角砾)。各阶段代表性火山熔岩以及熔结火山碎屑岩的元素地球化学特征揭示:均为富碱(w(Na_2O+K_2O)=4.88%~7.12%),属高钾钙碱性系列;具有相似的痕量元素地球化学分馏特征,即明显富集Ba、K、LRRE等大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、Ta、Ti、HREE等高场强元素;稀土元素分馏程度中等(LREE/HREE=8.4~8.5)、Eu负异常不明显(δEu为0.91~1.02)。这些特征表明它们是同源岩浆房结晶分异演化的产物,岩浆源区性质呈现地幔与壳幔混合过渡类型的属性,或呈现E-MORB性质的源区或交代洋壳性质的源区。鉴于获得的英安质岩屑晶屑凝灰岩(HSY-1)和玄武粗面安山质岩屑晶屑熔结凝灰岩(P2121)单颗粒锆石U-Pb同位素定年分别为(124.8±1.0)、(123.3±1.3)Ma,ε_(Hf)(t)为1.7~9.7、T_(DM)=705~407 Ma、T_(DM)~C=1 464~748Ma,并结合区域地球动力学研究进展,可进一步得出:火山作用背景应属于中生代古太平洋板块向中国东部大陆俯冲的大陆边缘岩浆弧环境,适值东北地区大规模岩浆底侵、岩石圈拆沉作用的峰期(约120 Ma),初始岩浆应是古太平洋板块深俯冲作用过程形成的埃达克质岩浆,而呈现埃达克质岩浆与岛弧性质的过渡岩石学、地球化学特征,可能是在岩浆底侵、岩石圈拆沉过程与地壳物质发生一定程度的混染作用;并从成矿元素的相容性角度确认该期岩浆作用具有提供Mo、Cu和Ag成矿流体的可能。     

贝尔凹陷贝中次凹南屯组一段储层特征研究

利用钻井岩心、铸体薄片、扫描电镜及地球化学等分析资料对贝中次凹南屯组一段储层发育特征进行了系统的研究.结果表明:贝中次凹南屯组一段属于中低孔一低渗、特低渗储层,岩性以长石岩屑砂岩和长石砂岩为主,成分成熟度和结构成熟度均较低,储层的储集空间主要为次生孔隙.沉积环境、有机质演化中产生的有机酸、烃源岩与储层的组合关系以及碳酸...     

青藏高原河流氧同位素区域变化特征与高度预测模型建立

利用氧同位素作为古高度计重建造山带的古高度是近年发展起来的应用比较广泛的方法。本文通过对青藏高原河水δ¹⁸O_w(SMOW)的空间分布特征分析,表明高原南北δ¹⁸O_w(SMOW)由于水汽来源和水汽循环方式不同存在显著差异。以中央分水岭山脉为界,南部δ¹⁸O_w(SMOW)平均值为-15.6‰左右,北部为-8.6%左右;   南部氧同位素值随高度的平均变化率为-0.24‰/100m,北部为-0.15‰/100m。分别建立了藏北地区和藏南地区河水氧同位素和高度的关系,同时应用可可西里及昆仑山口现代食草动物牙齿釉质、尼玛盆地现代土壤碳酸盐的氧同位素值对所建立的经验模型进行了检验,表明这两个模型分别应用于藏北和藏南地区古高度的恢复是可行的,为今后青藏高原古高度研究工作的开展提供了定量的计算方法。     

Origin and evolution of ore-forming fluid for the Gaosongshan gold deposit,Lesser Xing'an Range:Evidence from fluid inclusions,H-O-S-Pb isotopes

Epithermal gold deposits are typical precious metal deposits related to volcanic and subvolcanic magmatism.Due to the lack of direct geological and petrographic evidences,the origin of the ore-forming fluid is deduced from the spatial diagenesis-mineralization relationship,chronological data,physicochemical characteristics of mineral fluid inclusions,mineral or rock elements and isotopic geochemical characteristics.By objectively examining this scientific problem via a geological field survey and petrographic analysis of the Gaosongshan epithermal gold deposit,we recently discovered and verified the following points:(1)Pyrite-bearing spherical quartz aggregates(PSQA)occur in the rhyolitic porphyry;(2)the mineralization is structurally dominated by WNW-and ENE-trending systems and occurs mostly in hydrothermal breccias and pyrite-quartz veins,and the ore types are mainly hematite-crusted quartz,hydrothermal breccia,massive pyrite-quartz,etc.;(3)the alteration types consist of prevalent silicification,sericitization,propylitization and carbonation,with local adularization and illitization.The ore minerals are mainly pyrite,primary hematite,native gold,and electrum,with lesser amounts of chalcopyrite,magnetite,sphalerite,and galena,indicating a characteristic epithermal low-sulfidation deposit.The ore-forming fluid may have been primarily derived from magmatic fluid exsolved from a crystallizing rhyolitic porphyry magma.Further zircon U-Pb geochronology,fluid inclusion,physicochemical and isotopic geochemical analyses revealed that(1)rhyolitic porphyry magmatism occurred at 104.6 ± 1.0 Ma,whereas the crystallization of the PSQA occurred at 100.8 ± 2.1 Ma;(2)the hydrothermal fluid of the pre-ore stage was an exsolved CO_2-bearing H20-NaCl magmatic fluid that produced inclusions mainly composed of pure vapor(PV),vapor-rich(WV)and liquid-rich(WL)inclusions with a small number of melt-(M)and solid-bearing(S)inclusions;mineralization-stage quartz contains WL and rare PV,WV and pure liquid(PL)inclusions characterized by the H_2 O-NaCl system with low formation temperatures and low salinities;(3)the characteristics of hydrogen,oxygen,sulfur,and lead isotopes and those of rare earth elements(REEs)provide insight into the affinity between PSQA and orebodies resulting from juvenile crust or enriched mantle.Combined with previous research on the mineralogenetic epoch(99.32± 0.01 Ma),we further confirm that the mineralization of the deposit occurred in the late Early Cretaceous,which coincides with the extension of the continental margin induced by subduction of the Pacific Plate beneath the Eurasian Plate.The formation of the ore deposit was proceeded by a series of magmatic and hydrothermal events,including melting of enriched juvenile crust,upwelling,the eruption and emplacement of the rhyolitic magma,the exsolution and accumulation of magmatic hydrothermal fluid,decompression,the cooling and immiscibility/boiling of the fluid,and mixing of the magmatic fluid with meteoric water,in association with water-rock interaction.     

Field report: Exploring the Doonerak fenster of the central Brooks Range,Alaska, USA

Arctic Alaska is a ‘suspect’ terrane that encompasses approximately 20% of Alaska, stretching from the southern Brooks Range all the way to the continental shelves of the Chukchi and Beaufort Seas. Although the origin and subsequent travels of this large crustal fragment are debated among geologists, most researchers agree upon its composite nature and exotic origin. To constrain the early geological history of this terrane, we describe a recent expedition to the Doonerak fenster of the central Brooks Range. This area has long been regarded as a key locality for understanding the structural evolution of the Mesozoic–Cenozoic Brooks Range orogen; however, our target was different: a unique sequence of volcanic and siliciclastic rocks (Apoon assemblage) exposed beneath a profound pre-Mississippian unconformity, which we argue is of key importance to understanding the early Paleozoic tectonic history of northern Alaska and the greater Arctic.     

中国脆弱生态环境类型划分及其范围确定

本文对中国脆弱生态环境进行了主要成因和结构的两级类型划分，得出七大类脆弱生态环境主要成因类型和６３类脆弱生态结构类型。并以脆弱生态环境主要成因为依据初步确定了中国脆弱生态环境的分布范围，绘出中国七大类脆弱生态环境主要成因类型大范围图。采用分步叠置的方法绘制了中国６３类脆弱生态环境结构类型分布图，确定了中国脆弱生态环境区域范围。     

内蒙古维拉斯托稀有金属-锡多金属矿床的成矿作用:来自花岗质岩浆结晶分异的启示

内蒙古维拉斯托稀有金属-锡多金属矿床位于大兴安岭南段西坡,是一个以锡为主,共伴生锌、钨、铜、钼、铌、钽、锂和铷的大型矿床.该矿床以发育铌、钽、铷、锂矿化有别于大兴安岭南段的其他锡多金属矿床.本文对维拉斯托地区的北大山岩体和维拉斯托岩体开展了 LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年、全岩地球化学研究和锆石Lu-Hf同位素分析...     

大兴安岭南段白音查干Sn多金属矿床成因：矿床地质特征及Sr-Nd、S、Pb同位素证据

白音查干矿床是大兴安岭南段新发现的一处大型Sn多金属矿床。为查明该矿床Sn成矿作用与Ag-Pb-Zn成矿作用的关系,本文开展了矿床地质、萤石和石英斑岩Sr-Nd同位素、硫化物S-Pb同位素和原位S同位素地球化学特征研究。SrNd同位素分析结果显示,所有萤石样品均具有相近的(~(87)Sr/~(86) Sr)_i、(~(143)Nd/~(144)Nd)_i和ε_(Nd)(t)值范围,而且与石英斑岩的Sr-Nd同位素组成基本一致,说明矿床各成矿阶段的萤石具有相同的成因,与石英斑岩岩浆作用关系密切。单矿物和原位S同位素数据显示,Ⅰ区Ag-Pb-Zn矿石中的硫化物δ~(34)S值范围(-13.9‰～-4.8‰)与Ⅲ Sn矿石硫化物的δ~(34)S值范围(-12.5‰～-5.3‰)基本一致;而且,Ⅰ区闪锌矿原位δ~(34)S值变化范围较小且较为均一(-12.4‰～-7.3‰,平均为-9.2‰),与石英斑岩"Zn-F-B集合体"中闪锌矿原位δ~(34)S值变化范围(-10.6‰～-9.0‰,平均为-9.7‰)基本一致,说明S可能主要来源于石英斑岩岩浆。Pb同位素特征显示,Ⅰ区Ag-Pb-Zn矿石中的硫化物Pb同位素组成(~(206) Pb/~(204) Pb=18.177～18.200、~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb=15.519～15.531、~(208) Pb/~(204)Pb=37.985～38.053)与石英斑岩Pb同位素组成(~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb=18.206～18.235、~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb=15.529～15.530、~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb=38.025～38.036)基本一致,说明Ag-Pb-Zn成矿作用的Pb可能主要来源于石英斑岩岩浆。结合矿床地质特征、Sr-Nd、S、Pb同位素数据可知,白音查干矿床Sn成矿作用与Ag-Pb-Zn成矿作用具有密切的成因联系,矿床成矿流体和成矿物质可能主要来源于石英斑岩岩浆。     

东天山黑沟流域冰川沉积序列及OSL测年研究

黑沟源于东天山最大现代冰川作用中心博格达峰的南坡. 在第四纪冰期与间冰期旋回中,该流域的冰川均发生过多次规模较大的进退,在谷中留下了较为完整的冰川沉积序列. 这些冰川地形包含有重要的古气候变化信息,对其研究可重建黑沟流域的冰川演化史. 应用OSL对该流域的冰川沉积物进行定年,测定结果表明冰水沉积物（沙质透镜体）比冰碛物更适宜应用单片再生剂量（SAR）测年技术进行测定. 基于测得的年龄并结合地貌地层学原理可初步得出：晚第四纪期间,黑沟流域共发生了5次规模较大的冰川作用,分别为全新世期间的小冰期（16世纪以来冷期的冰进）与新冰期（距今3~4 ka的冰进）,末次冰期晚冰阶（MIS 2）与早冰阶（MIS 4）以及倒数第二次冰期（MIS 6）.