城市绿色发展效率的空间分异及影响因素——基于山东省17地市面板数据

绿色发展效率的研究对于我国绿色发展水平的提升具有重要的借鉴作用。文章构建了城市绿色发展效率评价指标体系,并利用SBM-Undesirable模型、多元回归模型等多种计量方法对2005—2017年山东省17地级市绿色发展效率与影响因素进行了综合研究,结果表明：①基于非期望产出的绿色发展效率因考虑实际成本更加可靠、更贴近现实。②2005—2017年间,山东省17地市平均绿色发展效率呈现“峰-谷-峰-谷”的变化特征,且2005—2017年17地市平均绿色发展效率的标准差与变异系数呈现波动变化特征。③经济发展水平、财政支持对于绿色发展效率提升起到负向作用,外商直接投资具有显著的正向促进作用,而产业结构、科学技术和市场化水平等因素未通过显著性水平检验。     

Evaluation on the allocative efficiency of agricultural factors in the five Central Asian countries

Journal of Geographical Sciences - Based on methods such as stochastic frontier production function, this paper analyses the changes of single factor productivity (SFP) and total factor...     

Impacts of Land Fragmentation and Cropping System on the Productivity and Efficiency of Grain Producers in the North China Plain: Taking Cangxian County of Hebei Province as an Example

Land fragmentation is widely known to have an impact on farm performance. However, previous studies investigating this impact mainly focused on a single crop, and only limited data from China are available. This study considers multiple crops to identify the impact of land fragmentation (LF), as well as cropping system (CS), on farm productivity and the efficiency of grain producers in the North China Plain (NCP), using Cangxian County of Hebei Province as an example. Detailed household- and plot-level survey data are applied and four stochastic frontier and inefficiency models are developed. These models include different sets of key variables in either the production function or the inefficiency models, in order to investigate all possibilities of their influences on farm productivity and efficiency. The results show that LF plays a significant and detrimental role, affecting both productivity and efficiency. A positive effect is evident with respect to the CS variable, i.e., multiple cropping index (MCI), and the wheat-maize double CS, rather than the maize single CS, is usually associated with higher farm productivity and efficiency. In addition to LF and CS, four basic production input variables (labor, seed, pesticide and irrigation), also significantly affect farmers’ productivity, while the age of the household head and the ratio of the off-farm labor to total labor are significantly relevant to technical inefficiency. Policies geared toward the promotion of land transfer and the rational adjustment of cropping systems are recommended for boosting farm productivity and efficiency, and thus maintaining the food supply while mitigating the overexploitation of groundwater in the NCP.     

Measurement and Comparison of Urban Haze Governance Level and Efficiency based on the DPSIR Model: A Case Study of 31 Cities in North China

In the decisive stage of developing of a moderately prosperous society in all aspects, hazy weather has become a major obstacle to the further advancement of China. Therefore, improving the level and efficiency of haze governance has become essential. Based on the DPSIR model, this paper builds a haze governance level and efficiency index system using the entropy method and the super-efficiency data envelope-analysis (DEA) model to analyze the data for 31 cities in North China from 2007 to 2016. From the aspects of spatial differences and influence factors influencing the comparative analysis, the results are as follows. (1) During the investigation period, the level and efficiency of city haze governance in North China showed a trend of fluctuation and decline, with obvious stages in their characteristics. Haze governance efficiency is much higher than its level, and its mean value reaches the DEA level which indicates that it is effective. (2) A significant regional gradient difference occurs between these two aspects. The haze governance level presents a convex distribution pattern of “east low-middle high-west low”, while the haze governance efficiency presents a concave distribution pattern of “east high-middle low-west high”. (3) The regression results show that economic growth has a negative effect on both haze governance level and efficiency. By contrast, the industrial structure has a positive effect on haze governance level and efficiency, but the significance of its effect on these two is different. On this basis, policy suggestions are proposed for improving the level and efficiency of haze governance in various cities in North China.     

A new typology of benefits derived from marine protected areas

Global decline of marine resources has triggered a worldwide demand for changing the way ocean resources are managed. Ecosystem-based management approaches have emerged using marine protected areas (MPA) as the main tool. Several classifications of marine protected areas benefits have been made, but all have focused only on the benefits to humans, neglecting many important benefits accrued to nature. This paper presents a new comprehensive classification of MPA benefits that will provide scientists and managers with an inclusive framework to accurately identify and account for all possible benefits derived from MPAs. The paper also analyses the methods available for valuing these benefits. A total of 99 benefits were identified within nine main categories: fishery, non-fishery, management, education/research, cultural, process, ecosystem, population and species benefits. These categories are arranged in two main divisions (direct and indirect benefits), which, at the same time, fall within the realms of benefits to humans and to nature.     

The value of Pacific sardine as forage fish

This paper develops a simple bioeconomic model to investigate the economic and ecological issues associated with the commercial harvest of Pacific sardines relative to their value as forage for commercially, recreationally, and ecologically important predators in the California Current ecosystem. The model was used to evaluate how changes in the net per unit value of sardines, the net per unit value of sardine predators, and the transfer efficiency of predators affect the total net value of sardines, i.e. the net value of catches and the net value from sardine predation. Given recent market conditions for sardines and their commercial predators, and transfer efficiencies derived from predation data of the 1960s, it was found that the value of commercially caught predators and the efficiency by which they convert sardines to exploitable biomass were most important in determining the viability of the sardine fishery. The values assumed for predators that are not commercially caught were of no consequence under these conditions. Taking the value of sardines as forage into account does not necessarily mean an either-or situation for the fishery. As long as there is some measure of net value from the fishery and net value from predation, both benefit society at large.     

Global assessment of the European Union fishing fleet: An update

This paper provides a global analysis of recent trends in the EU fishing fleet. Analysis of the capital productivity, labour rates, and economic benefits of the fleet revealed that considerable replacement of fishermen by better technology and well-equipped vessels occurred between 1990 and 2006. The analysis confirms that the Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) has been ineffective in reducing fishing capacity. In addition, the changes in capacity that occurred in this time interval differed among the different sectors of the fleet. Some members of the high sea fishing fleet increased their capacity (range 11–57%), and the deep-sea sector, which has greater tonnage and fishing power, increased its fishing capacity by 34–44%. These results confirm the ineffectiveness of the CFP in reducing overcapacity and illustrate the continuing threat of overcapacity to the long-term sustainability of fishery resources.     

蟹岛循环经济示范区水资源化处理模式与应用

本文介绍了蟹岛循环经济示范园区水资源化处理利用方案,生活污水资源化处理工艺--好氧-生物氧化塘-沙滤系统及地热水资源利用,并对其进行综合评估研究,该方案实现了节能环保和废弃物无害化综合处理利用,形成了种植业、养殖业、休闲度假有机结合的水循环模式,为实现社会主义新农村建设提供了新的模式。     

中国区域农业生态效率空间演化及其驱动因素——水足迹与灰水足迹视角

将水足迹与灰水足迹指标纳入农业生态效率指标体系,运用基于非期望产出的SBM模型和Tobit面板模型对1990-2016年中国农业生态效率空间演化特征及驱动因素进行实证分析,结论如下:①1990-2016年,中国农业水足迹和灰水足迹明显上升;中国高农业水足迹的区域重心北移,主要由长江流域转移至黄河下游地区.中国高灰水足迹...     

我国不同类型盆地高效大中型气田形成的主控因素

利用天然气地质储量、含气面积和成藏时期, 定义和求取了气藏天然气聚集效率.通过我国60余个大中型气田天然气聚集效率的计算, 将其分为高效、中效和低效3种类型.通过天然气聚集效率与各种成藏条件叠合研究得到, 我国不同类型盆地高效大中型气田形成主要受源岩供气能力、输导层输导能力和天然气封盖保存能力的控制.要形成高效大中型气田, 源岩生气强度前陆盆地一般应大于80×108 m3/km2·Ma, 克拉通盆地一般应大于26×108 m3/km2·Ma, 裂谷盆地应大于60×108 m3/km2·Ma.输导层输导天然气能力前陆盆地和裂谷盆地应大于5×10-14 m/Pa·s, 克拉通盆地一般应大于6×10-12m/Pa·s.盖层封盖能力CSI前陆盆地一般应大于1×1010 m/s, 克拉通盆地一般应大于5×109 m/s, 裂谷盆地一般应大于3×1010 m/s.天然气成藏期前陆盆地一般应晚于古近纪中期, 而克拉通和裂谷盆地均应晚于古近纪早期.