Constraints on rupture speed of the 2001 MS 8.1 West Kunlun Mountain Pass earthquake by co-seismic surface rupture slip displacements based on the slip-weakening mechanism with frictional undershoot involved

With co-seismic surface rupture slip displacements provided by the field observation for the 2001 MS8.1 West Kunlun Mountain Pass earthquake, this paper estimates the rupture speed on the main faulting segment with a long straight fault trace on the surface based on a simple slip-weakening rupture model, in which the frictional overshoot or undershoot are involved in consideration of energy partition during the earthquake faulting. In contrast to the study of Bouchon and Vallée, in which the rupture propaga...     

河西地区经济增长的新阶段与可持续发展

运用产业结构演变理论,分析了河西地区国民经济的现状,判定了经济增长处于的阶段,并根据河西地区可持续发展过程中存在的问题,提出了河西地区经济与资源、环境协调发展的对策。     

牙鲆幼鱼对n-3高度不饱和脂肪酸的吸收及与生长关系的初步研究

于1996年9-10月在中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所小麦岛实验基地,采用人工投喂的方法,给牙鲆幼鱼投喂含不同含量n-3高度不饱和脂肪酸（n-3HUFA）的人工饵料,研究牙鲆幼鱼对饵料中n-3HUFA的消化、吸收以及n-3HUFA的含量与日增重率、饵料效率的关系。结果表明,在饵料中添加0.60％—2.40％的n-3HUFA可有效提高牙鲆幼鱼的日增重率和饵料效率;肝脏中n-3HUFA的含量与饵料中n-3HUFA（尤其是DHA）的含量成正比;牙鲆幼鱼对饵料中n-3HUFA的表观消化吸收率随其含量的增加呈下降趋势。     

澳门的土地资源与经济发展

以综合地理学原理分析澳门土地资源的特点及土地资源开发史实, 指出填海拓地与经济发展关系和未来经济发展路向： 应充分利用路乙水连贯公路两侧的大片滩涂。着重阐明土地开发中, 研究土地承载力和淡水资源供需平衡的重要性。同时, 提出今后土地资源的利用方向和对策： 加强与周边地区合作; 稳定发展博彩旅游业, 开发大型旅游景区, 发展省、港、澳旅游大三角; 在工业方面, 应建设路乙水—横琴开发区, 以高附加值产品创汇; 搞好交通运输网络、整治环境、强化社会治安。实现以“博彩旅游生财“、“商贸服务生财”和“高质产品生财”, 继续繁荣澳门经济。     

三江平原沼泽地主养鲤鱼塘能量转换效率研究

对1988～1992年三江平原沼泽地泥炭池主养鲤鱼生态系统的能量转换效率进行了研究分析。结果表明,一个生长期浮游植物毛初级生产力对太阳辐射能的转换效率为0.204～0.308％;鲢鳙净产量对浮游植物净产量的转换效率为1.195～4.815％;太阳能转换为鱼类总净产量的生态学效率为0.067～0.123％。总辅助能、总生物能和饲料辅助能转换为鱼类总净产量的效率分别为8.91～14.05％、10.96～17.20％和11.06～17.57％.在2500kg/hm~2、3500kg/hm~2及5000kg/hm~2三个净产量级型池塘中,以5000kg/hm~2产量级的能量转换效率为最佳型。     

自然火灾碳排放估算模型参数的遥感反演进展

植被燃烧会产生大量的温室气体,为及时了解自然火灾对区域和全球尺度的碳循环和碳平衡模式的影响,有必要研究自然火灾碳排放的大尺度估算方法。结合遥感技术"宏观、快速、实时、客观"获取地表信息的独特优势,对利用遥感技术估算自然火灾碳排放的方法进行综述,概括了自然火灾碳排放使用的估算模型及其需要的主要输入参数,其次分别介绍了模型输入参数的遥感估算方法,并对各方法的优缺点进行分析和评价,最后提出现有方法的改进建议。     

Distribution,trends and drivers of precipitation use efficiency in the loess plateau

Against the background of climate change, the global carbon and water cycle has undergone significant changes, and it is of great significance to explore the interrelationships of the carbon and water cycles in different regions to cope with future climate change. In this study, based on gross primary productivity (GPP) and precipitation (PRE) data, the precipitation use efficiency (PUE) of the Loess Plateau (LP) was calculated, and the Sen trend analysis and Mann-Kendall test were used to analyse the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of PUE, as well as the first-order difference method was used to derive the relative contributions to quantify the impact of vegetation growth and meteorological factors on PUE. The results show that (1) from 2001 to 2018, the spatial distribution pattern of vegetation PUE exhibited an increasing trend from northwest to southeast. On the time scale, the multi-year average value of PUE was 1.17 gC m⁻² mm⁻¹, showing an overall upward trend. Among the different land cover types, paddy fields had the highest PUE level, and sparse grassland had the lowest; (2) LAI had the highest relative contribution to vegetation PUE, followed by temperature (Temp), net radiation of the ground surface (RN), specific humidity (Shum), and wind speed (WS). LAI contributes positively to 88.9% of the area. RN positively influences high-altitude areas, while Shum had a larger area with a negative contribution. The contribution of Temp increases from northwest to southeast, and WS has balanced positive and negative contributions; (3) LAI is the dominant factor for the spatial and temporal variation of PUE in the LP, and the size of the areas where different meteorological factors dominate the changes of PUE are as follows: WS > Shum>RN > Temp. At high altitudes, the dominant meteorological driver is WS, while at low altitudes, the dominant climate driver is Shum. This study is of guiding significance for the ecological restoration and management of the LP, and it can also provide a scientific basis for the improvement of ecosystems and the sustainable management of water resources in the context of global climate change.     

干旱和复水对羊草碳氮分配的影响

植物的碳氮营养及其相互关系是最重要的基本生物过程之一,阶段性干旱对植物碳氮分配的影响研究甚少。实验以中国北方草原的典型植物羊草为材料,研究不同干旱持续期复水对羊草碳氮含量、分配及其相互关系的影响。结果表明:短期和中期干旱使植株生物量、氮素水平和单株总氮量增加,但长期干旱使之降低。水分处理对碳含量的影响不显著。干旱后复水降低了各器官特别是绿叶的碳氮比。中度持续干旱的氮素利用率(NUE)最高、短期干旱最低。羊草各器官氮素绝对量占整株的百分比从大到小依次为:绿叶、根茎、根、枯叶和茎鞘,其中叶片的氮素总量占植株的一半以上;随着干旱持续期的增加,氮素对根部的投资亦加大。羊草受到适当干旱驯化后复水引发的超补偿作用可促进羊草植株生长、提高氮素水平,并在一定程度上通过碳氮分配的调节作用来适应于阶段性的干旱胁迫。     

面向卫星遥感影像检索定位的深度学习全局表征模型评估与分析

如何快速获取无辅助参数卫星遥感影像地理位置是非合作方式获取的遥感影像信息充分利用的一个关键,利用影像特征的相似性对卫星遥感影像检索来实现定位,是获取无辅助参数卫星遥感影像地理位置的有效手段。为了探寻影像深度学习全局特征用于无辅助参数卫星遥感影像检索定位的可行性,建立了包括Precision@K、平均排序、特征提取时间、特征相似性计算时间、硬件消耗等,涵盖有效性、效率2个方面共计5类指标的评估体系。采用谷歌地球提供的影像数据作为基准影像,在资源三号夏季及冬季数据集上,分别利用AlexNet、VggNet、ResNet、DenseNet、EfficientNet等几种代表性的卷积神经网络预训练模型提取基准影像及查询影像的全局特征,依据评估体系中的指标,对这些网络模型的影像表征效果进行全面的量化评估与分析。试验分析结果表明,DenseNet、ResNet-18、VggNet这3个深度学习神经网络预训练模型提取的全局特征,综合表征效果较好,可有效用于卫星遥感影像检索定位;当K值取200时,DenseNet网络模型的Precision@K值可以达到59.5%,ResNet-18和VggNet网络...