Point Symbols: Investigating Principles and Originality in Cartographic Design

Abstract

This paper provides a summary of the proceedings and discussion at a conference entitled 'The Future History of Our Landscape', held in October 1992. This meeting explored the issues connected with the changing nature of the Ordnance Survey supply of spatial data, in particular its effect on the Copyright Libraries and their users. Technical and organisational matters concerned with the supply and use of digital data in the archival environment are considered.     

AEC-Ⅰ型自动排气控制仪的研制及其应用

AEC-Ⅰ型自动排气控制仪(Automatic Exhaust Control)可与真空果配套使用排除水氡观测闪烁室内的残留氡气。该仪器性能稳定、操作简单,能够对闪烁室自动按"排气-抽真空-再排气-再抽真空"顺序循环操作,还可以根据需要调节"排气-抽真空"状态的循环时间,提高排气效率,排气后的闪烁室本底达到《规范》要求,并在面板上实现了排气时间可视化。在该仪器试运行期间,对仪器的稳定性、真空时间和排气时间对排气效果的影响、仪器连续使用时间对排气效果的影响、与手动排气结果对比等方面进行测试分析,结果认为:AEC-I型自动排气控制仪控制精度高,性能稳定,对闪烁室的排气效果达到规范要求,可以作为水氡观测辅助设备用于闪烁室的排气工作。     

宝坻地震台地电阻率观测效能评价

为了正确评价天津宝坻地震台地电阻率的观测效能,调查分析了宝坻地震台地电阻率观测场地和观测系统,统计分析了观测数据的产出和映震效能。结果表明:宝坻地震台地电阻率观测场地、观测系统等基本符合观测规范的要求;观测数据连续、可靠,但精度却有逐年下降的趋势;观测数据对华北北部多个5.0级以上地震和本区及邻近地区多个3.0级以上地震有震前异常反应。宝坻地震台地电阻率观测场地能反映出地震孕育的信息,产出的数据连续、可靠,映震能力较强,但随着城市建设进程的加剧,原良好观测环境有逐渐丧失的可能。     

Effect of Ozone and Ozone/Fenton in the Advanced Oxidation Process on Biodegradable Characteristics of Semi‐aerobic Stabilized Leachate

This study investigated the effects of O₃ and O₃/H₂O₂/Fe²⁺ in the advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) on the biodegradable and soluble characteristics of semi‐aerobic stabilized solid waste leachate. The biodegradability (BOD₅/chemical oxygen demand, COD) ratio improved from 0.034 to 0.05 and 0.1 following O₃ and O₃/H₂O₂/Fe²⁺, respectively. Fractions of biodegradable COD_(bi) (24%), non‐biodegradable COD_(ubi) (76%), soluble COD_(s) (59%), biodegradable soluble COD_(bsi) (38%), non‐biodegradable soluble COD_(ubsi) (62%), and particulate COD (PCOD) (41%) in stabilized leachate were also investigated. The fraction of COD_(bi) increased to 28 and 36% after applying O₃ and O₃/AOPs, respectively. COD_(S) increased to 59% after O₃ and to 72% after O₃/AOPs, whereas COD_(bsi) increased to 38 and 51% after O₃ and O₃/AOPs, respectively. The removal efficiency of COD_(S) was obtained at 5% after O₃ alone and improved to 51% following ozone‐based AOPs, whereas the removal efficiency of PCOD improved from 25% after O₃ to 71% after ozone‐based AOPs.     

COMMENTS ON “SPATIAL VARIATION OF HILLSLOPE PROFILES IN THE CUMBERLAND PLATEAU,KENTUCKY” BY EDMUND B. WOOOS

Book Reviewed in this article:

Main Street: Northeastern Oregon: The Founding and Development of Small Towns. Barbara Ruth Bailey.

Food Politics: The Regional Conflict. David N. Balaam and Michael J. Carey, eds.

The International Economy and Industrial Development: Trade and Investment in the Third World. R. Ballance, J. Ansari and H. Singer.

Neighborhoods in Urban America. Ronald H. Bayor, ed.

The English Heartland. By Robert Beckinsale and Monica Beckinsale.

Regional Dimensions of Industrial Policy. Michael E. Bell and Paul S. Lande, eds.

Tension Areas of the World. D. Gordon Bennett, ed.

Latin America: an Introductory Survey. B. W. Blouet and O. M. Blouet, eds.

Integration and Division: Geographical Perspectives on the Northern Ireland Problem. Frederick W. Boal and J. Neville H. Douglas, eds.

Energy and Land Use. Robert W. Burchell and David Listokin, eds.

Slopes and Weathering. Michael Clarke and John Small.

Alaska's Rural Development. Peter G. Cornwall and Gerald McBeath, eds.

The Politics of Park Design: A History of Urban Parks in America. Galen Cranz.

World Congress on Land Policy, 1980, Proceedings. Matthew Cullen and Sharon Woolery, eds.

Oregon Divided: A Regional Geography. Samuel N. Dicken and Emily F. Dicken.

Urban Food Marketing and Third World Rural Development. T. Scarlett Epstein.

South Africa: Spatial Frameworks for Development. T. J. D. Fair.

Institutions and Geographical Patterns. Robin Flowerdew, ed.

Industrialization of U.S. Agriculture, An Interpretive Atlas. Howard F. Gregor.

Planning Theory: Prospects for the 1980s. Patsy Healy, Glen McDougall and Michael J. Thomas, eds.

Neighborhood Mobilization: Redevelopment and Response. Jeffrey R. Henig.

The American Urban System: A Geographical Perspective. R. J. Johnston.

Climate, History and the Modern World. Hubert H. Lamb.

Climate and History: Studies in Past Climates and Their Impact on Man. T. M. L. Wigley, M. J. Ingram and G. Farmer.

China: Railways and Agricultural Development, 1875–1935. Ernest P. Liang.

A Desirable Energy Future—A National Perspective. Robert S. Livingston, T. D. Anderson, T. M. Besmann, M. Olszewski, A. M. Perry, and C. D. West.

Topothesia: Essays Presented to T. S. Ó Máille. B. S. Mac Aodha, ed.

Transportation for the Poor: Research in Rural Mobility. Hal S. Maggied.

Land Uses in American Cities. Harold M. Mayer and Charles R. Haves.

Industrial Organisation and Location. Philip McDermott and Michael Taylor.

Human Adaptability: an Introduction to Ecological Anthropology. Emilio F. Moran.

Regional Analysis and the New International Division of Labor. Frank Moulaert and Patricia W. Salinas, eds.

The Nuclear War Atlas. Victoriaville, Quebec, Canada:

Urbanization and Environmental Quality. Isao Orishimo.

The Garden of Eden: The Botanic Garden and the Re-Creation of Paradise. John Prest.

Earthfire, The Eruption of Mount St. Helens. Charles Rosenfeld and Robert Cooke.

Contest for the South China Sea. Marwyn S. Samuels.

The Future of the Wetlands: Assessing Visual-Cultural Values. Richard C. Smardon, ed.

Tucson: the Life and Times of An American City. C. L. Sonnichsen.

The Geography of Multinationals. Michael Taylor and Nigel Thrift, eds.

Impact of Marine Pollution on Society. Virginia Tippie and Dana Kester.

Reviving the Industrial City: the Politics of Urban Renewal in Lyon and Birmingham. Jerry A. Webman.

Andean Reflections: Letters from Carl O. Sauer While on a South American Trip under a Grant from the Rockefeller Foundation, 1942. Robert C. West, ed.

Cartographic Drawing with Computers. P. Yoeli.     

合水地区长6油层微观渗流特征及驱油效率影响因素研究

对鄂尔多斯盆地合水地区长6油层组超低渗透储层的微观渗流特征及驱油效率影响因素进行深入研究,为提高采收率提供了科学依据。研究以真实砂岩微观模型渗流实验为主要手段,结合铸体薄片、扫描电镜、压汞等方法对孔隙结构、岩石类型等进行测试。研究表明,研究区长6油层的渗流特征以网状驱替和均匀驱替为主,指状驱替甚少;不同的驱替类型对应不同的最终驱油效率,均匀驱替模型最终驱油效率最高,指状驱替模型最低。储层物性中渗透率是影响驱油效率的主要因素,孔隙度次之;适当地提高驱替压力能够有效地提高驱油效率;提高注水体积倍数也能适当地提高驱油效率;非均质性对驱油效率也有一定的影响。     

中国外资利用效率测评及其时空变化研究

提高外资利用效率是实现中国外资利用模式从数量型向质量型战略转变的关键途径,具有重要的现实和理论意义。基于此理,本文引入DEA模型,选取劳动、资本、资金3 项投入指标和技术溢出、经济和社会产出3 项产出指标构建评价体系,对中国FDI利用效率的时空变化特征进行了实证分析。结果显示:①近10 年全国外资利用效率普遍偏低且变动幅度不大,外资利用技术效率>规模效率>综合效率。②中国外资利用效率空间分异的变化显著,由2000 年“大集中-小分散”与“大分散-小集中”并存空间分布特征转变为2009 年“大集中-小分散”的空间分布格局,且西部外资利用效率长期大于东部和中部地区,在全国规模收益递减和不变地区长期占主导地位;③外资利用技术效率和规模效率共同决定着综合效率,而技术效率的决定作用稍微较强。对于外资利用效率有待优化的地区应重视外资管理和引导外资从冗余地区逐步迁移,对外资流向和流量进行监控。     

Spatial disparity and efficiency of science and technology resources in China

In the knowledge economy era,science and technology(S&T) resources are getting more and more important in shaping regional competiveness and building regional innovation capacity.As such,the spatial distribution of S&T resources is a key to understanding regional development and disparities.By designing an input-output indicator system,this paper develops an evaluation model to examine the spatial distribution of S&T resources in China and assess their spatial efficiency.Moreover,the paper tries to explain spatial differences in the efficiency of S&T resources in China.Major findings are:1) the input and output of S&T resources in China shows a clear T-shaped spatial structure,i.e.,concentrated mainly in the coastal region and along the Changjiang(Yangtze) River;2) the efficiency of S&T resources in China displays strong spatial disparities,with the level of efficiency descending from the east to the west while high efficiency appearing in only several clusters;3) the utilization rates of S&T resources in most provinces are quite low,resulting in low efficiency of S&T resources allocation.The paper suggests that the utilization rate of S&T resources should be raised and the commercialization of S&T outputs should be enhanced to improve the efficiency of S&T resources in China.     

汞污染土壤的萃取修复技术研究

分别采用HAc、NH4Ac、KI、EDTA、Na2S2O3等萃取剂萃取污染土壤中汞,研究了萃取剂对汞的萃取效果和萃取条件对萃取率的影响,并分析了用Na2S2O3溶液萃取前后土壤中汞的形态变化。结果表明,Na2S2O3水溶液对汞的萃取效果最好,适宜萃取条件为：浓度0.1 mol·L-1、土液比1∶6、萃取时间12 h,当土壤中汞浓度为107.86 mg/kg时,萃取率为65.32%。污染土样在适宜萃取条件下经Na2S2O3溶液萃取后,土壤中可交换态汞、酸溶态汞和硝酸溶态汞基本完全去除,土壤中汞的生物有效性显著降低;萃取后土样的浸出毒性检测符合《危险废物鉴别标准 浸出毒性鉴别》(GB 5085.3-2007)中要求的无害化堆放标准。     

中外“国别经济地理”体系设置与风格设计的比较

许多国家都出版有本国的经济地理研究著作．但是国家间对其经济地理学的研究不尽相同。本文选用我国及国外多部近期出版的18部“国别经济地理”书籍为载体,从对象、内容、结构、方式与思维诸方面,比较我国与外国“国家经济地理”著作在体系设置与风格设计等多角度的差异,并对这些差异进行了详尽分析,以促进中国经济地理借鉴先进经验并走向国际化。