基于地层结构组合的第四纪地质单元划分研究——以皖江经济带沿江丘陵平原区为例

为支撑地质条件复杂地区的水文地质、工程地质和环境地质调查研究,在皖江经济带沿江丘陵平原区通过系统分析第四纪地层的岩性、结构、构造等组合,以地貌以及第四系成因、沉积相和沉积物物源为指标,结合已有区域第四纪研究成果以及年代地层和岩石地层划分标准,进行皖江沿江丘陵平原区“第四纪地质单元”划分,共划分出冲积-湖积平原地质单元、洪积-坡积岗地地质单元和残积-剥蚀丘陵地质单元3个一级地质单元,总结了7种类型第四纪地层结构组合及其特征,为区域水文地质和工程地质调查与研究奠定了基础。     

CFD-based modelling of bubble-particle collision efficiency with mobile bubble surface in a turbulent environment

Flotation modelling to date has concentrated either on macroscale processes or on ideal microscale processes — there has been no attempt to integrate detailed models at different scales. In this paper, bubble-particle collision efficiency with mobile bubble surfaces in a turbulent flow is investigated from a multiscale modelling viewpoint and a general methodology for modelling is present. Comparisons are carried out to illustrate the method. Turbulence effects on bubble-particle collision efficiency are systematically studied using a 3D k–ε turbulence model.     

Regulating water services for the poor: The case of Amman

Jordanian authorities have achieved a nearly one hundred percent connection rate to municipal water supply services in urban areas. Following this unusual achievement for a lower-income country, a private management contractor was introduced to the capital city Amman, along with a form of economic regulation. However, water rationing due to extreme water scarcity, amplified by high and irregular population growth, disproportionately affects the city’s low-income households. This paper investigates the status of water supply service and regulatory arrangements with respect to poor and vulnerable consumers who were targeted in a household survey in June/July 2005. It identifies specific regulatory challenges which were not within the remit of or addressed by the acting quasi-regulator and the water authorities. In its extremes of connection coverage, water scarcity and population, the management of water supply in Amman presages the pro-poor water service challenge of many, even lower income, economies irrespective of the extent to which they may achieve the access targets of the Millennium Development Goals.     

Proximity and power within investment relationships: The case of the UK private equity industry

The role of power in economic activity has been researched across the social sciences but there has been little engagement with the spatialities of power relations. This paper thus draws on a recent reinvigorated interest in power within economic geography to develop an approach for understanding how the spatiality of power relations in economic practices are constituted through different forms of proximity. It argues that proximity needs to be conceptualised as multi-dimensional including physical, cultural, virtual and organizational proximity between firms and actors. It further contends that the development of different forms of proximity shape the agency of empowered actors in industry clusters and regional economies. This general proposition is explored by presenting research into a case study: the UK-based private equity industry. The research focuses on the nature, role and development of different forms of proximity between private equity firms and the investee firms that are the subject of investments.     

“一带一路”倡议背景下甘肃省城市化效率与经济发展水平时空耦合关系研究

"一带一路"倡议提出与建设为中国西部地区发展带来重大机遇。甘肃是"一带一路"倡议的重要区域。本文利用DEA模型、熵权法对甘肃省14个地州市2004年、2008年、2012年和2016年四个节点时间的城市化效率、经济发展水平进行了度量。并利用耦合度模型对两者之间的耦合协调度进行了时空分析,研究结果表明,甘肃省城市化效率在2004-2016年间处于波动中提升状态,且总体效率较低,甘肃省城市化效率值（0.441）远低于全国平均值（0.740）;2004-2016年甘肃省经济发展水平稳中有升,但与全国比较劣势明显,且省域内部经济发展差距显著;研究期内,甘肃省城市化效率与经济发展耦合协调度均处于波动上升状态,耦合度由中强度发展为高强度耦合,协调度由濒临失调发展为勉强协调。省内14个地区,嘉峪关、兰州、金昌和酒泉在四年间始终处于高水平耦合与协调状态,张掖、白银等余下十个地区的耦合协调度也由中低水平发展为中高水平,说明各地区城市化效率与经济发展水平的耦合协调度相对较好。     

松辽盆地页岩油勘探大口径取心技术

大口径取心技术为页岩油勘探提供了准确可靠的岩心地质资料,本文主要介绍了川7-4型、KT-194型大口径常规取心钻具和ZYVC型大口径密闭取心钻具的技术参数以及这3种取心钻具在松页油2井大口径取心中的应用情况,通过对取心钻具、取心钻头、取心钻进参数的调整和改进,机械钻速大幅度提高,岩心质量优良,提高了钻进效率,为页岩油勘探取心提供了丰富经验和技术方法。     

高精度磁法在柬埔寨王国贡布省速富县本库比铁矿的勘查效果

"一带一路"经济带区域地质研究程度较低,仅有小比例地质图或航磁资料,很多区域甚至是地质处女地,开展矿产资源勘查工作困难较大,柬埔寨王国贡布省便是典型区域代表,文章以我单位在柬埔寨王国贡布省速富县本库比铁矿项目的找矿效果及工程验证效果为例,从地面高精度磁法磁异常范围划定、分类、靶区圈定和勘查效果等方面进行论述,旨在阐明该勘查区未发现基岩及矿点出露点,地质调查无法取得找矿效果的情况下,采用地面高精度磁法成功有效地为柬埔寨王国贡布省找到一中型隐伏磁体矿床,突显了高精度磁法在隐伏矿体勘查中独有的优势。     

充气泡沫泥浆治理长孔段漏涌地层施工工艺探讨

针对长孔段漏涌地层及松散破碎等复杂地层,提出以泡沫泥浆或充气泥浆平衡地层压力的钻进方法,兼备护壁和防止冲洗液漏失的双重作用,实现连续堵漏和护壁,减少堵漏时间,有利于提高钻探效率,降低成本。对干旱缺水地区、全漏失地层钻探施工拓展了新的技术手段。     

Effects of oil expulsion and pressure on nanopore development in highly mature shale: Evidence from a pyrolysis study of the Eocene Maoming oil shale,south China

The influence of oil-expulsion efficiency on nanopore development in highly mature shale was investigated by using anhydrous pyrolysis (425–600 °C) on solvent-extracted and non-extracted shales at a pressure of 50 MPa. Additional pyrolysis studies were conducted using non-extracted shales at pressures of 25 and 80 MPa to further characterize the impact of pressure on pore evolution at high maturity. The pore structures of the original shale and relevant artificially matured samples after pyrolysis were characterized by using low-pressure nitrogen and carbon-dioxide adsorption techniques, and gas yields during pyrolysis were measured. The results show that oil-expulsion efficiency can strongly influence gas generation and nanopore development in highly mature shales, as bitumen remained in shales with low oil expulsion efficiency significantly promotes gaseous hydrocarbon generation and nanopore (diameter < 10 nm) development. The evolution of micropores and fine mesopores at high maturity can be divided into two main stages: Stage I, corresponding to wet gas generation (EasyRo 1.2%–2.4%), and Stage II, corresponding to dry gas generation (EasyRo 2.4%–4.5%). For shales with low oil expulsion efficiency, nanopore (diameter < 10 nm) evolution increases rapidly in Stage I, whereas slowly in Stage II, and such difference between two stages may be attributed to the changes of the organic matter (OM)’s mechanical properties. Comparatively, for shales with high oil expulsion efficiency, the evolution grows slightly in Stage I, not as rapidly as shales with low efficiency, and decays in Stage II. The different pore evolution behaviors of these two types of shales are attributed to the contribution of bitumen. However, the evolution of medium–coarse mesopores and macropores (diameter >10 nm) remains flat at high maturation. In addition, high pressure can promote the development of micropores and fine mesopores in highly mature shales.     

The role of material efficiency to reduce CO2 emissions during ship manufacture: A life cycle approach

Low carbon shipping research focuses on energy efficiency and mitigation measures related to operations and technology. However, reducing energy use and greenhouse gas emissions associated with a vessel’s material production receives limited attention. Material efficiency is defined as “providing material services with less material production and processing”. The current business model for ship building and breaking does not embrace fully material efficiency principles. Exploring a case study of a vessel's steel hull, this study applies a Life Cycle Assessment approach to determine the effectiveness of material efficiency to reduce CO₂ emissions. When compared to Business as Usual, designing and manufacturing for 100% hull reuse provides an emissions reduction of 29% from 221,978 t CO₂ to 158,285 t CO₂; 50% reuse provides a 10% reduction (199,816 t CO₂). From a technical and safety perspective there remain key barriers that need addressing: a vessel’s hull would require to be designed for dismantling to improve reuse; the operation and maintenance schedule must ensure the value of the steel is retained and; data must flow between key stakeholders on the quality of the steel. Despite these challenges, progressing material efficiency would require different business models that reach out and integrate the whole supply chain. There is a need for public and privately funded demonstration projects at a range of scales and markets, to provide investors the confidence that there is retained value in the steel hull when it reaches its end-of-life.