The reserves of extracted resources: Historical data

The available data on known reserves of extracted resources have not previously been tabulated and graphed. In this article we compile the reserves data in one place for the first time. This serves to (1) show the trends in the reserves series, (2) make the series available to others, and (3) place the reserves data in the context of price data for which longer series have been available, and with which they can now be seen to be consistent in both showing increasing availability rather than increasing scarcity.     

船舶气象导航随船验证

通过横流太平洋往返两个航次随船调查，研究了采用气象导航对减少燃油消耗和保证船舶安全、班期等，不但有定的经济效益，而且是一种非常有效的航运管理方法。     

新疆前兆震群ρ值的研究

研究新疆伊宁——乌鲁木齐和乌什——库尔勒1972年以来发生的49个震群的ρ值表明,ρ<0.55可作为前兆震群的判据指标。分析了ρ<0.55标准下的前兆震群的预测能力,认为,震群序列的ρ值具有一定的预报效能。     

湖南大坊金银矿氧化带特征及工业意义

湖南大坊金银矿位于耒阳—临武南北向构造带中段,控矿层位为石炭系中上统壶天群和下统梓门桥组白云岩。矿体受北西和北东向组扭裂面的控制,产于花岗闪长斑岩内外接触带。氧化带的有用组分为金和银,已圈定矿体7个,其平均品位Au 2.68 g/t,Ag26.20g/t。金的粒度以中—细粒为主,氰化浸出率在91％以上,银经槽浸回收率仅20-30%。鉴于金浸出率高,矿体埋藏浅。开采技术条件简单,交通方便等特点,值得开发利用。     

EUTROPHICATION AND RED TIDES AS CONSEQUENCES OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

1 mTRoorcnoxThe EnvirDment AgenCy of UK (l997) defins eUtIDPhication as "the enrichInnt of waters byinorgedc plant nUtrientS that result in the simulation of an mp Of syInPtOInati changes. These includethe inCrased PrOduCtiOn Of aigae or othe aquatic PlantS, affeChng the quallty of the water and distUIbingthe balance Of orpedsms Present within it. Such changes Inay be undesirable and intetw with wateuses." Sndth et al. (l999) indicated tha eopation of waters is mainly caused by h…     

90年代中国省级区域经济与环境协调度分析

在阐述经济环境协调度理论的基础上,建立了环境承载力与经济发展水平之间的协调度模型。并通过对90年代我国省级区域的实证分析,发现我国空间区域经济环境协调度基本符合“U”型曲线,区域经济发展模式大多以牺牲环境为代价,特别是中西部地区的问题比较严重。     

重大项目对区域经济空间的影响——以广州市钟村镇新火车客站建设为例

在区域经济发展过程中,重大项目的影响比一般的经济因素显得更为重要和关键。而对受影响的区域来说,在我国现行行政区划体制下,乡镇所受的影响更为直接。2003年,广州新火车客站(以下简称新客站)规划选址于钟村镇石壁地区,引起了国内外的极大关注。通过实证分析,发现新客站的建设将会引起当地经济空间结构的极大改变,同时也会带来一系列的社会问题。     

The development of computer networks: First results from a microeconomic model

 Computer networks like the Internet are gaining importance in social and economic life. The accelerating pace of the adoption of network technologies for business purposes is a rather recent phenomenon. Many applications are still in the early, sometimes even experimental, phase. Nevertheless, it seems to be certain that networks will change the socioeconomic structures we know today. This is the background for our special interest in the development of networks, in the role of spatial factors influencing the formation of networks, and consequences of networks on spatial structures, and in the role of externalities. This paper discusses a simple economic model – based on a microeconomic calculus – that incorporates the main factors that generate the growth of computer networks. The paper provides analytic results about the generation of computer networks. The paper discusses (1) under what conditions economic factors will initiate the process of network formation, (2) the relationship between individual and social evaluation, and (3) the efficiency of a network that is generated based on economic mechanisms. Received: 5 July 2000 / Accepted: 28 November 2000     

Ozone Production Efficiency in Savanna and Forested Areas during the EXPRESSO Experiment

NO, NO_x, NO_y and O₃ have been measuredduring the airborne EXPRESSO experiment, November 96,which took place near Bangui (Central Africa) at thebeginning of the dry season. This period correspondsto an intense burning activity. Chemical andphotochemical characteristics of the planetaryboundary layer, which corresponds most of the time tothe monsoon layer, and the Harmattan layer, which issituated above the latter, have been studied forsavanna as well as rain forest areas. These two layersare very different when considering the chemicalcomposition (especially for ozone and NO_z) andthe photochemical age.The relationship of photochemical ozone productionversus photochemical NO_x oxidation products hasbeen investigated. Results indicate an ozoneproduction efficiency (OPE) ranging from 6.3 to 14.8in the planetary boundary layer. Thus, this layer ischaracteristic of a photochemically young and activeair mass. In this layer, the ozone potentialproduction increases with the air mass photochemicalage. On the other hand, the Harmattan layer shows anOPE ranging from 4.6 to 7.4. These values arecharacteristic of photochemically well-aged airmasses. In this layer, the ozone potential productionseems to be exhausted with values around 4.0 (i.e., 4ozone molecules produced for each NO_x moleculeemitted).