LOCATING EMPLOYMENT GROWTH IN URBAN AREAS TO MINIMIZE TRAVEL TIME

The transportation requirements of an urban area are, in part, a function of its land use pattern. Reducing travel in an urban area by effective land use design appears to be a worthwhile public policy objective. The planning model derived in this article uses as its core the matrix version of the Lowry model developed by Garin. The model allocates basic employment to the zones of an urban area in order to minimize work and service trips. A hypothetical planning problem for Metropolitan Toronto illustrates use of the model.     

芦山“4·20”地震后宝兴县城打水沟泥石流发育趋势及防治方案

打水沟为宝兴河右岸的一级支流,位于宝兴县城城区,流域面积1.01 km2,主沟长度1.85 km,主沟比降640‰.受芦山“4·20”地震的影响,流域中下游直接引发了大量的崩滑体,加之地形陡峻,且位于青衣江-鹿头山暴雨区边缘,极容易发生泥石流.一旦发生泥石流,将会对沟口建筑和人员的安全造成巨大危害.通过对打水沟地震前后遥感影像的解译,结合野外考察,综合判定该沟为地震触发的潜在性泥石流沟.进一步分析估算,由于地震震动导致流域内发育6处崩塌体,总面积20375 m2,松散固体物质总量为15.20×l04m3.在分析泥石流形成条件与发展趋势的基础上,提出了打水沟泥石流减灾方案,并对泥石流排导槽梯形最佳过流横断面进行了设计.通过计算分析得到,在排泄设计标准的泥石流时,排导槽的最佳过流断面宽度为2.38 m,深度为2.23 m.     

Preliminary study on aftershock decay rate of the 2013 Ms7.0 Lushan earthquake

We obtained a catalog of early aftershocks of the 2013 Lushan earthquake by examining waveform from a nearby station MDS which is 30.2 km far away from the epicenter, and then we analyzed the relation between aftershock rate and time. We used time-window ratio method to identify aftershocks from continuous waveform data and compare the result with the catalog provided by China Earthquake Networks Center （CENC）. As expected, a significant amount of earthquakes is missing in CENC catalog in the 24 h after the main shock. Moreover, we observed a steady seismicity rate of aftershocks nearly in the first 10,000 s before an obvious power-law decay of aftershock activity. We consider this distinct early stage which does not fit the Omori law with a constant p （p - 1） value as early aftershock deficiency （EAD）, as proposed by previous studies. Our study suggests that the main shock rupture process is different from aftershocks＇ processes, and EAD can vary in different cases as compared to earthquakes of strike-slip mechanism in California.     

Earthquake magnitude estimation using the τc and Pd method for earthquake early warning systems

Earthquake early warning （EEW） systems are one of the most effective ways to reduce earthquake disaster. Earthquake magnitude estimation is one of the most important and also the most difficult parts of the entire EEW system. In this paper, based on 142 earthquake events and 253 seismic records that were recorded by the KiK-net in Japan, and aftershocks of the large Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan, we obtained earthquake magnitude estimation relationships using the τe and Pa methods. The standard variances of magnitude calculation of these two formulas are ±0.65 and ±0.56, respectively. The Pd value can also be used to estimate the peak ground motion of velocity, then warning information can be released to the public rapidly, according to the estimation results. In order to insure the stability and reliability of magnitude estimation results, we propose a compatibility test according to the natures of these two parameters. The reliability of the early warning information is significantly improved though this test.     

1992～2011年四川省地震局学术论文统计分析

以中国知网期刊全文数据库（CNKI）和维普科技期刊全文数据库为基础,统计分析了四川省地震局1992～2011年期间发表的地震期刊中文学术论文的情况。四川省地震局20年间共计发表论文1171篇,平均每年产出地震期刊学术论文58．5篇,以四川省地震局为第一署名单位论文925篇,平均每年46篇,论文数量逐年分布呈上升趋势,且与强震活动相关;论文刊载于74种中文科技期刊,总频次大于20次的高频期刊有8个;论文基金资助率逐年增加。论文统计结果显示四川地震科技研究工作一直在持续进步,在科技发展的主动性和创新性以及基层台站科研方面需进一步加强。     

玉树地区两次强震序列应力降对比研究

利用青海省数字地震台网记录到的玉树地区2006年5级强震群地震和2010年7．1级地震的数字波形资料,计算了这2次地震序列应力降值,并进行了对比,发现应力降值在中强余震前都出现较明显的变化,同时随着地震的衰减,应力降值也逐渐减小。     

国外地震重防区农村地区安保工作的主要做法和经验

通过对国外以美、日等发达国家为代表的经济发达地区,以智利、墨西哥等南美多地震国家为代表的发展中国家,以印度、伊朗等亚洲多地震但经济欠发达国家为代表的3种模式的农村地区防震安保工作的主要做法和经验的分析对比,以期对我国农村地区地震安保工作的发展和完善有一定的借鉴和启示作用。     

Structural geomorphology,active faulting and slope deformations in the epicentre area of the MW 7.0, 1857, Southern Italy earthquake

In tectonically active domains, fault propagation processes are revealed by landforms. A characteristic morphological feature of exposed active faults is the occurrence of triangular facets. Triangle-shaped landforms morphologically similar to fault-related triangular facets result from erosion of moderately-to-steeply dipping strata or layered successions along fold limbs and are known as flatirons. Triangular facets and flatirons may commonly coexist in mountain chains resulting from the superposition of recent extensional faulting on inherited fold-and-thrust architecture. In these settings analysis of flatirons and triangular facets is not trivial and may result in geomorphologic misinterpretations, hence undermine the interpretations of the geological structure and related deformation history. Here we show that active fault lineaments can be discriminate by inherited morpho-structure. We present the combined results of photo-geological and field survey carried out along well-exposed triangular shaped landforms located in the seismically active Upper Agri River Valley of the Southern Apennine. We found that triangular shaped landforms develop along a major fold back-limb, the Mt. Lama western slope, making it possible to unequivocally interpret these as flatirons. Downslope, Mt. Lama back limb is affected by a large deep-sited landslide whose scarp bound the flatirons and mimics a Holocene fault scarp. This inference appears significant, since the investigated landforms were interpreted by many authors as triangular facets related to an active normal fault, located at its foot, responsible for large historical earthquakes (i.e., the 1857 earthquake). We provide new criteria to discriminate morphologic convergence in tectonically active domains, with consequences for the regional geological interpretation, and for the assessment of geological hazards.     

井孔水温对远场巨震同震响应及其机制的数模研究

热量的流动必然伴随着温度的改变,地震活动期间的井孔水温同震响应也服从热力学的基本规律。本文以汶川8.0级地震和日本福岛9.0级地震为例,以海口ZK26井水温同震响应的观测数据为基础,运用热力学传导方程的数值模拟方法,研究了同震响应过程中井孔水温度变化与热量传导之间的关系及相关的热力学机制问题。通过正演的方法,得出沿井深方向不同时刻水温同震响应变化的数值模拟曲线,水温数值模拟曲线与实际测量数据一致。研究结果表明,井孔中水温同震响应方式（上升、下降或不变）,与水温传感器的位置、热源的位置和分布、传感器与热源之间的相对空间等因素有关。