Wave propagation in a seven-story reinforced concrete building: I. Theoretical models

For transient, high frequency, and pulse like excitation of structures in the near field of strong earthquakes, the classical design approach based on relative response spectrum and mode superposition may not be conservative. For such excitations, it is more natural to use wave propagation methods. In this paper (Part I), we review several two-dimensional wave propagation models of buildings and show results for theoretical dispersion curves computed for these models. We also estimate the parameters of these models that would correspond to a seven-story reinforced concrete building in Van Nuys, California. Ambient vibration tests data for this building imply vertical shear wave velocity β_z=112 m/s and anisotropy factor β_x/β_z=0.55 for NS vibrations, and β_z=88 m/s and β_x/β_z=1 for EW vibrations. The velocity of shear waves propagating through the slabs is estimated to be about 2000 m/s. In the companion paper (Part II), we estimate phase velocities of vertically and horizontally propagating waves between seven pairs of recording points in the building using recorded response to four earthquakes.     

SOURCE RADIATION AND RESPONSES OF WAVE PROPAGATION

Recordings of seismic waves propagating from earthquake source to a station at the earth's surface are a system response function.The convolution operator in time domain can be simplified as a multiplication operator in frequency domain.We discuss in frequency domain the separation of source,path and site effects for global scaling of earthquake source radiation.Also discussed are source scaling model,faulting mechanism,and the H/V inversion problems with crustal and near surface structures.Gross features of apparent source spectra appear to be not much region-dependent although there may be difference between tectonic styles within a region of tectonic mixture for which we need further study as data accumulate.Vertical spectra may be a better approach to approximate source radiation,as it has less crustal amplification effects than horizontal spectra.The H/V ratio is evidently a comprehensive indicator of amplification effects from near surface to deep structure.This gives it potential as an inversion tool to deduce site crustal structure.     

The Athens earthquake (7 September 1999): intensity distribution and controlling factors

The Athens earthquake, M_s=5.9, that occurred on 7th September 1999 with epicenter located at the southern flank of Mount Parnitha (Greece, Attiki) according to instrumental data, is attributed to the reactivation of an ESE–WNW south- dipping fault without surficial expression. The earthquake caused a large number of casualties and extensive damage within an extended area. Damage displayed significant differentiation from place to place, as well as a peculiar geographic distribution. Based on geological, tectonic and morphological characteristics of the affected area and on the elaboration of damage recordings for intensity evaluation, it can be safely suggested that intensity distribution was the result of the combination of a number of parameters both on macro and microscale. On the macroscale, the parameters are the strike of the seismogenic fault, seismic wave directivity effects and to an old NNE–SSW tectonic structure, and they are also responsible for the maximum intensity arrangement in two perpendicular directions ESE–WNW and NNE–SSW. On the microscale, site foundation formations, old tectonic structures buried under recent formations and morphology are the parameters that differentiated intensities within the affected area.     

近海地震活动特征及其测震学前兆的某些研究

利用反映震级－频度关系的参量Ｃ值，η值，ｂ值和ｂ值谱以及反映地震空间分布的森下指等研究了近海地震活动的一些主要特征，发现近海强震前地震活动性指标及图象的变化特征与陆地上强震前的特征存在一定差异；给出了新研究的可用于近海及滨海地区强震预报的短期和临震     

随机地震动场激励下拱坝多点输入的抗震可靠度分析

本文首次将空间随机地震场输入用于拱坝随机振动分析之中，与拱坝三维动力学有限元法结合，完成了三维拱坝在空间随机地震动场作用下的随机振动分析方法及算法的研究，另外考虑动力和静力的叠加，提出了三维空间随机地震动场的拱坝抗震可靠度分析方法，最后编制了相应的程序，对小湾拱坝进行了抗震可靠度分析，并与随机变量的结果进行了比较。     

地震灾场的模拟与模拟控制问题研究（Ⅰ）地震灾场模拟

本文将离散事件系统仿真的方法引入到地震工程研究之中．在论述地震灾场模拟与离散事件系统仿真的共性与差异的基础上，以城市地震次生火灾的发生与扑救过程为背景，发展了场、时域复合仿真模型，提出了城市地震灾场的综合模拟算法．实例研究表明，本文建议的地震灾场模拟算法可以揭示复合型工程系统地震反应的一系列特征参数。     

东南沿海地震形势分析

研究１９００年以来东南沿海地震活动序特征，并进行了地震活动分幕，结果表明，１９８６年开始进入了本世纪以来的第Ｖ地震活跃幕，本活跃幕将延至２０００年左右，期间有发生６级左右地震的危险，最大可能的发震区是闽粤交界及其沿海地区。     

澜沧-耿马等强震迁移活动与地电前兆场时空关系

研究1988年11月至1990年10月近2a时间内,在22°～36°N,98°～104°E地区连发性的5次6级以上迁移地震与地电前兆的时空关系。结果表明,这组连发性迁移强震发生之前,地电前兆在南北两地区观测到两个应力相对集中区。随着南部系统内应力不断向北调整,发生了多次强震。这组连发性的强震孕育,包括它们各自前兆场分布和发育,彼此并不是孤立的,而是彼此呼应的。     

地震前兆异常迁移速率的非线性变化特征及其力学解释

通过对长期，中短期以及短前兆异常迁移速率的研究，发现长期，中短期，短临前兆异常分别以每年１０，１００，１０００ｋｍ的量级向震中迁移，异常迁移速率不是线性增加，而为非线性递增，从理论上对前兆异常迁移性的存在与迁移速率的非线性变化进行了分析。这对不同时期的前兆异常判断以及地震的预测具有重要意义。     

肃南5.7级地震过程剪切波分裂特征

剪切波分裂应用于地震预报中的３个主要困难是：（１）如何自动定量识别剪切波快慢波到时；（２）用以认识其基本特征的震例太少；（３）因各次地震的复杂性，对所给剪切波分裂结果难以给出恰当的解释，本文研究了１９８８年１１月２２日甘肃肃南５．７级地震过程剪切波分裂的特征。所用资料为１９８８年８月到１９９０年８月中法合作张掖数字台网的记录。通过对张掖～肃南地区地壳结构模型的研究，确认了所用各次地震的真实出射角基