川滇地区地震活动单键群分析

利用单键群（即ＳＬＣ）分析方法,通过有关ＳＬＣ特征参量的时间滑移分析,结合１９７０年以来的区域地震活动和构造环境,分析了川滇西部地区的地震活动。较之７０年代和８０年代,９０年代的地震活动在总体上是处于中等强度的活动水平。文章认为,ＳＬＣ方法考虑了地震事件的时空关联性,可以用来分析地震活动趋势,是研究地震活动性的有用工具。     

山西侯马—河津一带西汉初期的强烈地震

1989年至1987年间,在国家地震局招标合同项目《全新世古地震的研究方法和确定标志》工作中,笔者在山西省侯马至河津一带,发现了大规模地震断层和许多古地震遗迹。本文就是在此基础上,对黄土中的古地震遗迹进行了总结,分析研究了古地震的分布和特征,讨论了侯马至河津一带西汉初期强震的规模和震中。     

THE MEASUREMENT ON VISCOSITY Q VALUE USINGP-WAVE OF LOCAL EARTHQUAKESIN WESTERN YUNNAN PROVINCE 滇西地区近震(?)波的粘性 Q_α值测定

本文使用云南滇西地区、红河断裂带北段1984——1985年由PDR-2数字事件记录仪记录到的84张地震记录图,按文献〔4〕中所述的理论和方法,用直达(?)波资料计算了该区的分区粘性多Q_α值,初步结论是:整个场区内介质粘弹性可用非线性体去近似模拟。Q_α值分布情况为:由云龙、洱源、漾濞三点所成的三角区内,其值约为50±30左右较低,而沿弥渡向北,经下关至剑川所示的整个断裂带上所测Q_α值较高,约在160±30左右。反映了明显的构造差异性。     

1988年四川八美5级地震参数和前兆的研究

本文对1988年6月四川省道孚八美(即乾宁)4.5、5.0、4.0级地震前后地震活动进行了研究,给出了地震参数、P波初动解、余震序列和前兆变化的分析及未来地震危险性的讨论。     

Mineralogy and physical nature of clay gouge

Fault gouges have been observed in the surface outcrops, in shallow excavations, and in deep (300 meters below the surface) tunnels and mines in fault zones. The 2-microns fractions in these fault gouges may compose a few percent to more than fifty percent of the total mass in the outcrops, and the mineralogy of the 2-microns fractions consists of a variety of clays (the common ones are montmorillonite, illite, kaolinite, chlorite, vermiculite and mixed-layer clays) and some quartz, feldspars, etc.Although we cannot yet conclude directly from the studies of gouges that similar gouges exist at depths where many large shallow earthquakes are generated, there is a strong possibility that they do, based on (1) available equilibrium data on various clays — for example, kaolinite has been found to exist at 4 kb and 375°C (±15°C) (Thompson, 1970) and montmorillonite + kaolite has been found to exist at 450°C and 4 kb (Velde, 1969); (2) the compatibility of laboratory velocity data in gouge (Wang et al., 1977) with those in a model for central California (Healy andPeake, 1975); (3) the capability of clays to undergo sudden earthquake-like displacements (Summers andByerlee, 1977); (4) the petrology of intrafault cataclastic rocks in old fault zones (Kasza, 1977); and (5) the compatibility of gouge mineralogy with the mineralogy of hydrothermal clay deposits.If clay gouges are indeed significant components of the fault zone at depth, then the mechanical properties of clays under confining pressures up to 4 kb are important in the behavior of faults. Very few experiments have been performed under such high pressures. But from the physical makeup of clays, we can infer that (1) the range of possible behavior includes stable sliding with vermiculite and montmorillonite (asByerlee andSummers, 1977, have proven) to stick-slip-like behavior with kaolinite, chlorite, etc.; (2) the absence or presence of water will greatly affect the strengths of gouges — it is possible that water may reduce the strength of gouge to a fairly small value.     

Failure time variation derived from R–S relation: the role of the static stress perturbation

In general, earthquake cycle related to earthquake faulting could include four major processes which could be described by (1) fault locking, (2) self-acceleration or nucleation (possible foreshocks), (3) coseismic slip, and (4) post-stress relaxation and afterslip. A sudden static stress change/perturbation in the surrounding crust can advance/delay the fault instability or failure time and modify earthquake rates. Based on a simple one-dimensional spring-slider block model with the combination of rate-and-state-dependent friction relation, in this study, we have approximately derived the simple analytical solutions of clock advance/delay of fault failures caused by a sudden static Coulomb stress change applied in the different temporal evolution periods during an earthquake faulting. The results have been used in the physics-based explanation of delayed characteristic earthquake in Parkfield region, California, in which the next characteristic earthquake of M 6.0 after 1966 occurred in 2004 instead of around 1988 according to its characteristic return period of 22 years. At the same time, the analytical solutions also indicate that the time advance/delay in Coulomb stress change derived by the dislocation model has a certain limitation and fundamental flaw. Furthermore, we discussed the essential difference between rate- and state-variable constitutive (R–S) model and Coulomb stress model used commonly in current earthquake triggering study, and demonstrated that, in fact, the Coulomb stress model could be involved in the R–S model. The results, we have obtained in this study, could be used in the development of time-dependent fault interaction model and the probability calculation related to the time-dependent and renewal earthquake prediction model.     

Evaluation of seismic ground motion induced by topographic irregularity

Results of an extensive numerical study on the 2D scattering of seismic waves by local topography are presented. The investigation has been conducted using the direct boundary element method. Several types of topography (slopes, canyons and ridges) are considered. The influences of some key parameters, such as exciting frequency and geometry of the irregular feature, on surface ground motion are studied in detail. It is found that local topographic conditions play an important role in the modification of seismic ground motion at the irregular feature itself and its neighbourhood. The present results can be considered to be useful from the viewpoint of earthquake engineering and seismology.     

2006年甘肃文县5.0级地震灾害损失评估

2006年6月21日在甘肃省文县发生MS5.0地震,造成了建筑物破坏及人员伤亡。在震后开展的地震现场考察与震害评估工作中,将灾区分为2个评估子区,完成了29个点的震害抽样调查工作,根据地震灾害损失评估系统EDLES2.5的要求建立了有关数据库,做出了经济损失评估,并针对灾害特点给出了灾区恢复重建的建议。     

基于应急基础数据库的城市防震减灾能力评价指标研究

城市防震减灾能力是一个涉及因素众多的复杂体系,对它的评估也是涉及到地震科学、社会科学和经济科学的交叉学科问题。对城市承受地震灾害能力进行科学合理的评估并有针对性的加强其薄弱环节是减轻城市地震灾害的有效方法之一。在已有的防震减灾能力评价体系研究的基础上,利用现有的地震应急基础数据库数据项,提出一个简化的城市防震减灾能力指标体系,快速评估城市的防震减灾能力。     

采用体波谱振幅相关系数方法研究地震集中区震源机制变化过程

同一震源区两次地震到达某台站的直达P波、S波零频观测谱值之比与其辐射图型因子之比线性相关,而后者取决于震源机制的几何特性。用波形记录计算谱振幅相关系数,认为该系数是震源机制异同的归一化数值描述。据此对2003年青岛序列及冀鲁豫交界地区小震集中区地震事件进行聚类分组,给出序列事件的滑动平均相关系数的时序曲线。研究结果表明:青岛序列的滑动平均相关系数时序曲线存在由一致到发散的变化过程,即震源区应力场强度由相对集中向逐步分散过度;冀鲁豫交界地区小震集中区谱振幅相关系数较低,震源机制各不相同,区域应力积累没有形成任何一个优势方向。