Trends and risk evolution of drought disasters in Tibet Region,China

Journal of Geographical Sciences - The risk posed by natural disasters can be largely reflected by hazard and vulnerability. The analysis of long-term hazard series can reveal the mechanisms by...     

基于J2EE和ArcIMS的地质灾害危险性评估项目备案系统

本文对J2EE和ArcIMS的地质灾害危险性评估项目备案系统的总体框架结构、系统三层体系结构、模块化思想设计要点和实现的技术路线及关键技术。系统应用Struts技术、数据库技术、ArcIMS的WebGIS技术和网络技术,建立了通用地理信息功能与地质灾害危险性评估项目备案自动审批的分布式软件系统,实现了地质灾害危险性评估项目备案的自动审批、管理、分析、决策、发布的一体化平台。该系统为有关部门提供辅助决策支持和信息发布服务。     

2023年全球重大天气气候事件

2023年,全球平均气温比工业化前高出约1.45℃(±0.12℃),是有观测记录以来最热的一年。全球海平面继续上升,且全球平均海平面达到了有卫星记录(1993年至今)以来的最高水平,反映了持续的海洋变暖以及冰川和冰盖的融化。北极海冰面积仍远低于常年值,南极海冰面积创下历史新低。巴基斯坦、中国京津冀地区、意大利、巴西圣保罗州北部沿海地区、新西兰北岛等地遭受暴雨洪涝灾害,非洲西北部、中国云南、中美洲和南美洲北部发生严重干旱,南欧、北美、南美、东亚和南亚等地遭遇创纪录高温热浪,欧洲和北美等地遭遇寒流和暴风雪侵袭,强对流天气频繁袭击世界各处,全球热带气旋活动频繁。     

次声波在海啸灾害预警中的应用探讨

介绍了次声波的基本物理概念和次声波的传播特性,概述了次声波的研究现状,提出了利用次声波来预警海啸灾害的建议,并对其可行性进行了分析。     

Rapid earthquake loss assessment after damaging earthquakes

This article summarizes the work done over the last decades regarding the development of new approaches and setting up of new applications for earthquake rapid response systems that function to estimate earthquake losses in quasi-real time after an earthquake. After a critical discussion of relevant earthquake loss estimation methodologies, the essential features and characteristics of the available loss estimation software are summarized. Currently operating near-real-time loss estimation tools can be classified under two main categories depending on the size of area they cover: global and local systems. For the global or regional near-real-time loss estimation systems: GDACS, WAPMERR, PAGER, and NERIES-ELER methodologies are presented together with their loss estimations for the 2009 Abruzzo (L’Aquila) earthquake in Italy. Examples are provided for the local rapid earthquake loss estimation systems, including the Taiwan Earthquake Rapid Reporting System, Real-time Earthquake Assessment Disaster System in Yokohama, Real Time Earthquake Disaster Mitigation System of the Tokyo Gas Co., and Istanbul Earthquake Rapid Response System.     

日本海岸工程研究进展——第52回日本海岸工学讲演会介绍

介绍了日本第52回海岸工学讲演会的概况,从海岸灾害、海岸生态环境、波浪与水流、海岸泥沙运动与地形变化、海岸建筑物等5个方面综述了日本海岸工程研究的进展情况。     

基于四维灾体模型的浙江省气象灾害损失年景评价

应用浙江省气象灾情统计年鉴资料,运用四维灾体评估模型,对浙江省的气象灾害损失进行科学评估。浙江省2003—2017年灾害损失年景评价分析结果显示,2004年和2005年为气象灾害损失明显偏重年景,进入2010年以来,2013年为年景最差年份;台风灾害损失在每年浙江省气象灾害损失年景评价中具有非常重要的作用,重大台风事件易造成气象灾害偏重或明显偏重的损失年景。评估结果表明,四维灾体模型下的气象灾害评估较为科学客观。     

滑坡灾害环境与山区建设的和谐

滑坡是浙江省沿海及丘陵山区频发的地质灾害之一,常堵塞交通、农田毁损、民房倒塌、使山区人民生活环境严重恶化。分析滑坡灾害机理,提早预警预报,是合理规划山区民居建设、治理地质灾害、建立民居与生态环境合谐的的关系,是各级政府、地质工程界、建设部门和环境监理部门的重要社会责任和理论研究范围。     

地震区多层石结构抗震抗剪能力的模糊可靠性分析

本文通过考虑地震烈度的随机性和模糊性,以及石结构强度破坏等级界限的模糊性,研究多层石结构抗震抗剪能力的可靠性问题.将地震地面运动模拟为含有模糊烈度参数的平稳过滤有色噪声的随机过程,引入抗剪强度破坏指数,建立了石结构抗震抗剪能力的模糊安全准则,为研究多层石结构的抗震抗剪能力可靠性提供了一个合理的评定方法。     

Localised coherent response of the La Molina basin (Lima,Peru) to earthquakes,and future approaches suggested by Parkway basin (New Zealand) experience

Earthquake records from a 1984 temporary seismograph array set up in La Molina, Lima, Peru, are re-analysed. The array comprised eight three-component geophones; seven soil based and one rock based. Values of horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) for two small earthquakes peaked at around 1.3 Hz. In one distant earthquake, four of the seven soil-based stations showed a peak at 1.25 Hz in soil-to-rock spectral ratio (SSR), the same dominant frequency observed during an aftershock of a damaging earthquake. Because this frequency is not compatible with the shear wave velocity profile attributed to La Molina, and because the spectral peak is confined to a small ground area, it is concluded that the peak is caused by a localised deposit of soft soil. Because the area associated with the spectral peak includes the area of great damage in 1974, it is concluded that coherent monochromatic behaviour is responsible for the damage.