Shear-tensile crack as a tool for reliable estimates of the non-double-couple mechanism: West Bohemia-Vogtland earthquake 1997 swarm

Shear-tensile crack is a model for an earthquake mechanism that is more constrained than the moment tensor but that can still describe a non-shear focus. As such, the shear-tensile crack model is more robust than the moment tensor model and yields more reliable estimates for the earthquake mechanism. Such an advantage verifies the credibility of the non-double-couple component found for some events of the 1997 West Bohemia-Vogtland earthquake swarm. As expected, in several cases, a significantly resolved non-double-couple component was obtained where the moment tensor approach failed. Additionally, for non-shear sources, the shear-tensile crack model offers optimization of the Poisson number within the focus, concurrently with retrieval of the mechanism. However, results obtained for the joint inversion of the 1997 swarm indicate that resolution is low. A series of synthetic experiments indicated that limited observations during 1997 were not the cause. Rather, hypothetical experiments of both very good and extremely poor network configurations similarly yielded a low resolution for the Poisson number. Applying this method to data for recent swarms is irrelevant because the small non-double-couple components detected within the inversion are spurious and, thus, the events are pure double-couple phenomena.     

青海地区地震序列参数的早期特征研究

采用时间序列的"传染型余震序列"(ETAS)模型系统估算了青海地区地震序列参数,并对地震序列的震后早期特征进行分析。采用"自然边界法"选取了2009年以来青海地区9个地震序列,利用"震级-序号"法确定了每个地震序列的完整性震级M_c,并对每个地震序列进行估算。研究表明,截止震级选取对地震序列参数的影响很大,在应用中需谨慎。α值和p值的稳定时间与序列的主震震级间没有明显的关系,主震震级较大的地震序列,序列参数的稳定时间可能较短;主震震级较小的地震序列,序列参数的稳定时间也可能较长。同一个地震序列,α值和p值的稳定时间与不同截止震级间也没有明显的对应关系。最后给出了研究区域地震序列参数的最长稳定时间和最短稳定时间。     

赣粤闽交界及邻区近年中强地震加卸载响应比特征研究

以地震应变能作为响应因子,研究了1997至2007年赣粤闽交界及邻区4．0级（ML≥4．0）以上中强地震临震前的加卸载响应比（Y值）的基本变化特征,研究结果表明,80％以上的地震在临震前Y值呈现出高值异常形态。因而它可以作为此地区地震预测的一种手段。     

Adsorption of Heavy Metal Ions, Dyes and Proteins by Chitosan Composites and Derivatives- A Review

Chitosan composites and derivatives have gained wide attentions as effective biosorbents due to their low costs and high contents of amino and hydroxyl functional groups. They have showed significant potentials of removing metal ions, dyes and pro- teins from various media. Chemical modifications that lead to the formation of the chitosan derivatives and chitosan composites have been extensively studied and widely reported in literatures. The aims of this review were to summarize the important information of the bioactivities of chitosan, highlight the various preparation methods of chitosan-based active biosorbents, and outline its potential applications in the adsorption of heavy metal ions, dyes and proteins from wastewater and aqueous solutions.     

南海北部地震危险性分析

在建立了比较可靠的南海北部地震目录以后,采用编制中国地震动参数区划图（2001）的方法,重新划分了南海北部海域的潜在震源区和调整了相关的地球物理参数,最终计算了南海北部海域50年超越概率10％的地震动峰值加速度。南海北部的地震动峰值加速度可分成东部高值区和西部低值区。东区的地震动峰值加速度在0．160g以上,西区大部分海域的地震动峰值加速度小于0．114g,并且与它们北侧的陆区大致相似。     

关于震级误差成因的初步分析

就地震观测工作中的震级误差问题做了初步探讨分析,指出影响震级误差的原因,不仅与地震观测仪器的频谱特性有关,还与震源辐射的能量谱、震源的应力状态和震源深度的不同以及地震波震相、频率等有关,并对如何减少震级误差提出了措施和建议。     

绵阳“9．22～27”持续暴雨过程特征及成因分析

利用常规实测资料、NCEP刷CAR再分析资料、T213分析资料,对绵阳地区2008年9月22—27日出现的持续性暴雨过程进行环流形势及物理量场分析,结果表明：此次降水过程可分为两个明显的降水时段,其区域不同、强度不一;副高、冷空气、两条水汽通道以及台风是此次过程的主要影响系统;第一降水时段的各物理量水平皆大于第二时段,不稳定能量、水汽和气流的辐合、辐散区分布及上升下沉气流的位置和强度对暴雨的强度和落区预报有较好的指示意义。     

基于A-star算法的矿井事故救援研究

针对井下不同形状巷道几何空间特征,确立以空间点、线、面为基本图元,以巷道中心线作为三维模型构建的基础框架,建立巷道三维模型。采用启发式路径搜索A-star算法,实现了应急救援路线智能快速选择。实践证明,该方法对于矿井事故定位和救援具有一定的实用性。     

国内设施种植气象灾害研究进展

设施种植的主要气象灾害有低温（冷冻害）、寡照、风灾、雪灾及其复合灾害等,从国内设施种植气象灾害指标、灾害监测预警、灾害风险及灾害影响等方面对前人研究成果和进展进行归纳总结。灾害指标的研究所采用的方法主要是人工控制试验或对历年实际发生的灾害样本进行分析总结;灾害监测预警方法一般是用设施内小气候或设施外气象条件作为灾害指标,将灾害指标植入计算机系统,对灾害进行监测预警;风险评估多是从灾害的危险性角度去研究,确定灾害的风险概率、风险指数等;灾害影响的研究多集中在对作物生理生态反应等方面。同时从设施种植气象灾害研究存在的薄弱环节出发,提出设施种植气象灾害指标、灾害监测预警评估方法及灾害的影响等方面仍是今后一段时间研究的重点和热点。     

Outburst risk of barrier lakes in Sichuan,China

34 barrier lakes induced by earthquake have been formed by wedged debris on the river channels after a massive earthquake happening on May 12 in Sichuan, China. Among them, the Tangjiashan Barrier Lake is the largest one. It faces very urgent risk of dam breaking when water level reaches the top and begins overflow in case of storm rainfalls and continually aftershocks, threatening already devastated cities and villages with about 1.5 million people downstream. The outburst of a similar barrier lake occurred in the Minjiang River in 1933, causing a catastrophic flood. Risk analysis indicates that not all barrier lakes are highly dangerous. Only those lakes with very high dams and water to be filled up in short period need to be dealt with immediately.