全文获取类型
收费全文 | 6043篇 |
免费 | 1125篇 |
国内免费 | 719篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 290篇 |
大气科学 | 163篇 |
地球物理 | 4898篇 |
地质学 | 1902篇 |
海洋学 | 279篇 |
天文学 | 17篇 |
综合类 | 136篇 |
自然地理 | 202篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 16篇 |
2023年 | 62篇 |
2022年 | 124篇 |
2021年 | 126篇 |
2020年 | 169篇 |
2019年 | 214篇 |
2018年 | 217篇 |
2017年 | 182篇 |
2016年 | 204篇 |
2015年 | 241篇 |
2014年 | 340篇 |
2013年 | 316篇 |
2012年 | 309篇 |
2011年 | 368篇 |
2010年 | 325篇 |
2009年 | 393篇 |
2008年 | 414篇 |
2007年 | 359篇 |
2006年 | 389篇 |
2005年 | 340篇 |
2004年 | 294篇 |
2003年 | 265篇 |
2002年 | 233篇 |
2001年 | 213篇 |
2000年 | 215篇 |
1999年 | 208篇 |
1998年 | 228篇 |
1997年 | 188篇 |
1996年 | 194篇 |
1995年 | 184篇 |
1994年 | 111篇 |
1993年 | 105篇 |
1992年 | 70篇 |
1991年 | 60篇 |
1990年 | 45篇 |
1989年 | 33篇 |
1988年 | 51篇 |
1987年 | 9篇 |
1986年 | 4篇 |
1985年 | 3篇 |
1984年 | 21篇 |
1983年 | 4篇 |
1982年 | 2篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
1980年 | 4篇 |
1979年 | 11篇 |
1978年 | 7篇 |
1977年 | 10篇 |
1954年 | 6篇 |
排序方式: 共有7887条查询结果,搜索用时 312 毫秒
61.
Within the framework of recent research projects, basic tools for GIS-based seismic risk assessment technologies were developed and applied to the building stock and regional particularities of German earthquake regions. Two study areas are investigated, being comparable by the level of seismic hazard and the hazard-consistent scenario events (related to mean return periods of 475, 2475 and 10000 years). Significant differences exist with respect to the number of inhabitants, the grade and extent of urbanisation, the quality and quantity of building inventory: the case study of Schmölln in Eastern Thuringia seems to be representative for the majority of smaller towns in Germany, the case study of Cologne (Köln) stands for larger cities. Due to the similarities of hazard and scenario intensities, the considerable differences do not only require proper decisions concerning the appropriate methods and acceptable efforts, they enable conclusions about future research strategies and needs for disaster reduction management. Not least important, results can sharpen the focus of public interest. Seismic risk maps are prepared for different scenario intensities recognising the scatter and uncertainties of site-dependent ground motion and also of the applied vulnerability functions. The paper illustrates the impact of model assumptions and the step-wise refinements of input variables like site conditions, building stock or vulnerability functions on the distribution of expected building damage within the study areas. Furthermore, and in contrast to common research strategies, results support the conclusion that in the case of stronger earthquakes the damage will be of higher concentration within smaller cities like Schmölln due to the site-amplification potential and/or the increased vulnerability of the building stock. The extent of damage will be pronounced by the large number of masonry buildings for which lower vulnerability classes have to be assigned. Due to the effect of deep sedimentary layers and the composition of building types, the urban centre of Cologne will be less affected by an earthquake of comparable intensity. 相似文献
62.
Substantial damage to water supply systems, including water delivery pipelines, water treatment plants, reservoirs, and water
storage tanks, was reported after the 1999 Chi–Chi Taiwan Earthquake. This paper first summarizes the damage survey and then
presents the results of seismic fragility analysis for underground pipelines. Construction blueprints of the water delivery
pipelines and repair work orders of 11 townships and cities in the disastrous area were digitized into a Geographical Information
System (GIS) for analysis and assessment. With the aid of the GIS system, we found that PVC pipes made up 86% of water delivery
pipelines while steel, cast iron, ductile iron, PE and others took the rest. Therefore, this paper focuses on the fragility
analysis of PVC pipes. Three different methods were applied to derive the fragility relations between the PVC water pipes
having nominal diameters (approximately inner diameters) greater than or equal to 65 mm and earthquake intensity parameters
such as peak ground acceleration and peak ground velocity. The results were then examined with those of other countries. The
discrepancy between our results and the empirical equation used by HAZUS, an earthquake loss estimation software developed
by the Federal Emergency Management Agency was not significant. 相似文献
63.
A short reply to discussion by Chanson. 相似文献
64.
During the excavations for the foundations of a three storey building on the limestone tuffs of Condeixa, Central Portugal,
a large dissolution fissure and smaller dissolution voids were found. Since the area has never been the subject of engineering
geology investigation, it was decided to evaluate the risk associated with the construction of the building. These limestone
tuffs were formed in a continental environment by the precipitation of calcite carried by the water coming from the large
limestone body in the east. The precipitated calcite mixed with the terrigenous materials and around trunks and leaves of
plants, originating a very heterogeneous and porous ground, which is characteristic of limestone tuffs. The study started
with a detailed geological survey followed by a large number of destructive drillings, located essentially under the pad foundations.
The results revealed several karstic cavities with serious problems for the building foundations and the structure, and many
smaller dissolution cavities, often filled with clayey soils. The ground treatment solutions used included, dental cleaning,
filling with concrete or granular material the dissolution structures accessible at the level of the foundation, reinforcement
of the footing and the structure of the building and adding a continuous foundation beam to hold the foundations together.
The cost of the engineering geology study, site investigation, ground treatment, and the reinforcement of the foundation and
building, increased the total construction cost from 2%, at the design stage, to 4.8%. 相似文献
65.
66.
John R. Greenwood Joanne E. Norris Jo Wint 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2006,24(3):467-481
The procedure for geotechnical site investigation is well established but little attention is currently given to investigating
the potential of vegetation to assist with ground stability. This paper describes how routine investigation procedures may
be adapted to consider the effects of the vegetation. It is recommended that the major part of the vegetation investigation
is carried out, at relatively low cost, during the preliminary (desk) study phase of the investigation when there is maximum
flexibility to take account of findings in the proposed design and construction. The techniques available for investigation
of the effects of vegetation are reviewed and references provided for further consideration. As for general geotechnical investigation
work, it is important that a balance of effort is maintained in the vegetation investigation between (a) site characterisation
(defining and identifying the existing and proposed vegetation to suit the site and ground conditions), (b) testing (in-situ and laboratory testing of the vegetation and root systems to provide design parameters) and (c) modelling (to analyse the
vegetation effects). 相似文献
67.
68.
本文在调查、分析了漳河上游入河排污口分布、度污水入河量及污染物入河量的基础上,提出了对入河排污口的治理措施及管理办法. 相似文献
69.
福建省滨海火电厂地质灾害问题及风险控制探讨 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
郑承忠 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2005,16(2):47-52
滨海火力发电厂工程主要包括厂区建筑、码头、管道、取排水、填海和贮灰场等工程。其主要面临着福建省海岸带构造运动、断裂及地震活动、港湾淤积、海底滑坡、软土地基、海底活动地貌、基岩不均匀风化以及人类工程活动等主要的灾害性地质因素。通过对这些因素潜在的致灾特点分析,提出了滨海火电厂地质灾害风险控制应包括选址阶段地质灾害风险回避、设计施工阶段地质灾害风险处理及运行阶段地质灾害风险监控等3方面。地质灾害风险评估是滨海火电厂地质灾害风险控制的首要任务。针对滨海电厂工程的特点,评估内容应着重于地质灾害危险性评估及易损性评估。选址阶段地质灾害风险回避主要是对构造不稳定的回避。地质灾害风险处理主要是电厂工程的基础处理及管道抗冲刷处理。电厂运行阶段地质灾害风险监控主要是对建筑物基础稳定性及海域冲淤变化的监控。 相似文献
70.