IGRF国际地磁参考场模型可视化研究

IGRF（International Geomagnetic Reference Field）即全球地磁参考模型,是由国际地磁和高空物理学联合会（International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy）发布的一系列关于地球主磁场及其年变率的数学模型。作为科学研究和工程应用的背景场、参考场广泛用于地球深部、地壳、电离层和磁层的研究。本文以最新的一代至第10代IGRF模型为基础,以Google公司开发的虚拟三维地球软件Google Earth为载体,进行了国际地磁参考场可视化研究。生成了一系列地磁要素的KML文件。并发布在世界数据中心中国地球物理学科中心的网站上,用户通过下载并打开这些文件就可以在Google Earth上查看到中国地区地磁场7个分量的可视化结果。本文所使用的方法也同样适用于第一代至第九代IGRF模型以及今后将要建立的IGRF模型。     

Influence of seasonal variation of neutral winds on the coupling between North and South Hemispheres in a realistic Earth main field

The neutral wind dynamo contributes significantly to the ionospheric electrodynamics, and the variation of the neutral winds thus affects the ionosphere. Here we study the effects of the seasonal variation of the winds in a realistic Earth main field. The two-dimensional ionospheric dynamo equation is expressed in the framework of a revision of the International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF) under the assumptions of equipotential field lines and conservation of current. A revision of IGRF and typical u...     

古新世-始新世极热事件与地球系统的自我调节:Gaia理论的应用

古新世—始新世极热事件(LPTM或PETM)是地球历史中最强烈的全球升温事件之一,又因其温室气体的排放与当前工业废气排放水平相当,因而在全球变化与地球系统科学研究中具有重要的研究意义。Gaia理论强调生物通过负反馈作用调节全球系统,使之趋于稳定。在前人研究资料的基础上,对比分析了分布于全球不同地区大洋钻孔与陆地剖面P/E界线附近的δ13C变化,综合了P/E极热事件对全球碳循环的影响以及事件的成因。认为P/E极热事件之后,地球系统在生物作用下逐渐恢复平衡。如果将生物与地球作为整体来看,那么这个整体是一个具有自我平衡能力的系统。地球历史中,其他与碳循环扰动有关的地质事件,应该也可以用Gaia理论的思路,从生物调节环境的角度分析碳循环的变化以及地球系统的平衡机制。     

Seasonal oscillations in length-of-day

Variations of annual and semiannual oscillations in rotation parameters have been investigated on the basis of length-f-ay(LOD) as well as atmospheric-ngular-omemtum (AAM) series. These oscillations were determined using band-ass filters. In order to show the character of variations of seaasonal oscillations, amplitudes, phases and periods were computed by a least-quares adjustment with the method of modified harmonic analysis at quarterly intervals. In addition, the seasonal imbalances in LOD and AAM budgets were determined and analysed in a similar way. These discrepancies were corrected for tidally excited effects. The non-tmospheric oscillations without the annual tide effect Sa and the semiannual tide effect Ssa have variable amplitudes between 0.02 and 0.10 msec.     

三轴刚体地球自转的自由加速

地球自转是天文学和地球科学领域的交叉学科,对其研究具有重要的理论和实际意义.地球自转动力学理论的研究一般是在旋转对称模型基础上进行的,并得到了一系列与观测相符合的结论.但实际地球是一个非旋转对称的椭球体,甚至是梨形椭球体.因此,三轴地球模型的自转理论研究应该是有一定意义的.文献[17～19]认为,三轴刚体地球除了Euler自由摆动外,还存在第二自由摆动,以及地球自转存在自由加(减)速运动等.本文在经典力学和刚体地球自转Euler方程的基础上,研究了地球自转的自由运动,指出文献[17～19]给出的关于地球自转存在自由加速或减速的证明是不正确的,完全刚体地球自转也不可能存在第二自由摆动.     

On the Mathematical Analysis of an Elastic-gravitational Layered Earth Model for Magmatic Intrusion: The Stationary Case

In the early eighties Rundle (1980, 1981a,b, 1982) developed the techniques needed for calculations of displacements and gravity changes due to internal sources of strain in layered linear elastic-gravitational media. The approximation of the solution for the half space was obtained by using the propagator matrix technique. The Earth model considered is elastic-gravitational, composed of several homogeneous layers overlying a bottom half space. Two dislocation sources can be considered, representing magma intrusions and faults. In recent decades theoretical and computational extensions of that model have been developed by Rundle and co-workers (e.g., Fernández and Rundle, 1994a,b; Fernández et al., 1997, 2005a; Tiampo et al., 2004; Charco et al., 2006, 2007a,b). The source can be located at any depth in the media. In this work we prove that the perturbed equations representing the elastic-gravitational deformation problem, with the natural boundary and transmission conditions, leads to a well-posed problem even for varied domains and general data. We present constructive proof of the existence and we show the uniqueness and the continuous dependence with respect to the data of weak solutions of the coupled elastic-gravitational field equations.     

地球自转减速对2008年汶川MS8.0地震的作用

本文将地球看成是一个质量分布均匀的球对称弹性球体, 给出了地球以匀角速率旋转情况下产生的应力场的解析表达式, 计算了地球匀速自转时在2008年汶川M_S8.0地震发震断层面上产生的应力, 分析了地球自转速率变化对汶川地震发震断层的影响。 结果表明, 地球自转减速有利于汶川地震发生。 如果地球自转减速对汶川地震的发生起到了触发作用, 那么在震前震区或许会出现中小地震发生受到地球自转减速触发的现象。 分析表明, 从2006年起汶川地震震中附近地区M_L≥2.7地震受到地球自转减速的触发, 这从另一个侧面说明了地球自转减速对汶川地震的发生具有促进作用。     

Multi‐scale relief model (MSRM): a new algorithm for the visualization of subtle topographic change of variable size in digital elevation models

Morphological analysis of landforms has traditionally relied on the interpretation of imagery. Although imagery provides a natural view of an area of interest (AOI) images are largely hindered by the environmental conditions at the time of image acquisition, the quality of the image and, mainly, the lack of topographical information, which is an essential factor for a correct understanding of the AOI's geomorphology. More recently digital surface models (DSMs) have been incorporated into the analytical toolbox of geomorphologists. These are usually high‐resolution models derived from digital photogrammetric processes or LiDAR data. However, these are restricted to relatively small areas and are expensive or complex to acquire, which limits widespread implementation. In this paper, we present the multi‐scale relief model (MSRM), which is a new algorithm for the visual interpretation of landforms using DSMs. The significance of this new method lies in its capacity to extract landform morphology from both high‐ and low‐resolution DSMs independently of the shape or scale of the landform under study. This method thus provides important advantages compared to previous approaches as it: (1) allows the use of worldwide medium resolution models, such as SRTM, ASTER GDEM, ALOS, and TanDEM‐X; (2) offers an alternative to traditional photograph interpretation that does not rely on the quality of the imagery employed nor on the environmental conditions and time of its acquisition; and (3) can be easily implemented for large areas using traditional GIS/RS software. The algorithm is tested in the Sutlej‐Yamuna interfluve, which is a very large low‐relief alluvial plain in northwest India where 10 000 km of palaeoriver channels have been mapped using MSRM. The code, written in Google Earth Engine's implementation of JavaScript, is provided as Supporting Information for its use in any other AOI without particular technical knowledge or access to topographical data. © 2017 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.     

Spatial Distribution of Seismic Landslides in the Areas of 1927 Gulang M8.0 Earthquake

The 1927 Gulang M8.0 earthquake has triggered a huge number of landslides, resulting in massive loss of people''s life and property. However, integrated investigations and results regarding the landslides triggered by this earthquake are rare; such situation hinders the deep understanding of these landslides such as scale, extent, and distribution. With the support of Google Earth software, this study intends to finish the seismic landslides interpretation work in the areas of Gulang earthquake (VIII-XI degree) using the artificial visual interpretation method, and further analyze the spatial distribution and impact factors of these landslides. The results show that the earthquake has triggered at least 936 landslides in the VIII-XI degree zone, with a total landslide area of 58.6 km². The dense area of seismic landslides is located in the middle and southern parts of the X intensity circle. Statistical analysis shows that seismic landslides is mainly controlled by factors such as elevation, slope gradient, slope direction, strata, seismic intensity, faults and rivers. The elevation of 2 000-2 800 m is the high-incidence interval of the landslide. The landslide density is larger with a higher slope gradient. East and west directions are the dominant sliding directions. The areas with Cretaceous and Quaternary strata are the main areas of the Gulang seismic landslides. The X intensity zone triggered the most landslides. In addition, landslides often occur in regions near rivers and faults. This paper provides a scientific reference for exploring the development regularities of landslides triggered by the 1927 Gulang earthquake and effectively mitigating the landslide disasters of the earthquake.     

合肥形变台地电阻率观测映震能力分析

利用合肥形变台地电阻率建设以来的观测资料,排除了常见干扰后,对其进行原始数据、归一化变化速率、各向异性度的分析。通过对比分析,得到合肥形变台地电阻率观测与地震有较好的对应关系,分析2.0以上近震及较大远震的映震情况,从而得出合肥形变台地电阻率的映震能力。