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141.
F. Courboulex J. Virieux A. Deschamps D. Gibert A. Zollo 《Geophysical Journal International》1996,125(3):768-780
We propose a two-step inversion of three-component seismograms that (1) recovers the far-field source time function at each station and (2) estimates the distribution of co-seismic slip on the fault plane for small earthquakes (magnitude 3 to 4). The empirical Green's function (EGF) method consists of finding a small earthquake located near the one we wish to study and then performing a deconvolution to remove the path, site, and instrumental effects from the main-event signal.
The deconvolution between the two earthquakes is an unstable procedure: we have therefore developed a simulated annealing technique to recover a stable and positive source time function (STF) in the time domain at each station with an estimation of uncertainties. Given a good azimuthal coverage, we can obtain information on the directivity effect as well as on the rupture process. We propose an inversion method by simulated annealing using the STF to recover the distribution of slip on the fault plane with a constant rupture-velocity model. This method permits estimation of physical quantities on the fault plane, as well as possible identification of the real fault plane.
We apply this two-step procedure for an event of magnitude 3 recorded in the Gulf of Corinth in August 1991. A nearby event of magnitude 2 provides us with empirical Green's functions for each station. We estimate an active fault area of 0.02 to 0.15 km2 and deduce a stress-drop value of 1 to 30 bar and an average slip of 0.1 to 1.6 cm. The selected fault of the main event is in good agreement with the existence of a detachment surface inferred from the tectonics of this half-graben. 相似文献
The deconvolution between the two earthquakes is an unstable procedure: we have therefore developed a simulated annealing technique to recover a stable and positive source time function (STF) in the time domain at each station with an estimation of uncertainties. Given a good azimuthal coverage, we can obtain information on the directivity effect as well as on the rupture process. We propose an inversion method by simulated annealing using the STF to recover the distribution of slip on the fault plane with a constant rupture-velocity model. This method permits estimation of physical quantities on the fault plane, as well as possible identification of the real fault plane.
We apply this two-step procedure for an event of magnitude 3 recorded in the Gulf of Corinth in August 1991. A nearby event of magnitude 2 provides us with empirical Green's functions for each station. We estimate an active fault area of 0.02 to 0.15 km
142.
常建平 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》1996,(4)
吉林省东南部早寒武世晚期地层中含有数层含铜层,它们主要赋存在红色岩层所夹的灰绿黄绿色岩层之中。本区含铜层的形成与当时富氧阶段中的缺氧时期息息相关;而且该类型含铜层主要产自滨海或滨浅海地带,受当时古地理严格控制 相似文献
143.
对新疆北部南天山北缘蛇绿混杂岩带中麻粒岩的岩石学、矿物学、岩石化学、矿物化学、稀土元素地球化学特征及辉石相韧性变形构造的研究表明,榆树沟麻粒岩的共生矿物组合为透辉石-次透辉石-紫苏辉石-石榴石-斜长石,属基性岩类暗色麻粒岩,以低硅高钙为特征,稀土总量低,轻稀土与铕弱亏损,反映高温高压熔融环境和岩浆分异差的特点。麻粒岩及超镁铁岩中的辉石经历了强烈的韧性剪切变形作用,不对称辉石残斑系、动态重结晶辉石亚颗粒集合体、辉石变形双晶纹、鱼尾构造、核幔构造等显微韧变构造广泛发育。宏观和微观运动学分析揭示了一期从南向北的推覆构造。麻粒岩的形成与早古生代大陆地壳拉伸作用有关,辉石相韧性变形则与早古生代末南天山边缘海的挤压关闭和推覆逆冲有关。 相似文献
144.
陕西南部北大巴山地区早志留世滔河口组碱基性火山岩,分布层位稳定,岩性标志特征。根据火山岩岩石类型和地层学以及古生物组合特征对其岩石地层单位重新进行了厘定,研究了火山岩的成因,探讨了火山岩形成的机制和构造环境。 相似文献
145.
中国兴蒙—新疆北部及邻区早石炭世地层十分发育,动植物化石丰富。根据生物群综合分析,将该研究区归入哈萨克斯坦—西伯利亚域和特提斯域,并进一步划分为3个省,8个亚省。西伯利业省以管孔贝大量发育为特征,缺少大长身贝类,珊瑚不甚发育,植物少见,为安加拉植物群;哈萨克斯坦—蒙古—兴安省以管孔贝类和大长身贝类共同发育为突出特征,珊瑚较发育,但分区特征不明显,并有大量异珊瑚类,植物为安加拉植物群;塔里木北缘—西秦岭省以南方型生物群大量发育为主要特征,大长身贝类最为发育,缺少管孔贝类,珊瑚数量十分丰富,并有假乌拉珊瑚大量发育,植物以华夏植物群为主。早石炭世古生物地理分区与板块关系密切,晚泥盆世末,西伯利亚板块南移,与哈萨克斯坦板块汇聚,到早石炭世早、中期,两大板块基本上处于相近似的古生物地理环境,与此同时,塔里木板块逐渐北移,与哈萨克斯坦板块海水相通,致使哈萨克斯坦板块广大海域出现南、北动物群混生现象。早石炭世末,三大板块海域相连,除各地沉积和构造古地理环境尚有差异外,中石炭世开始,腕足类,类及珊瑚等动物群均显示出明显的一致性。 相似文献
146.
147.
Dynamic stochastic estimation of physical variables 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A fundamental problem facing the physical sciences today is analysis of natural variations and mapping of spatiotemporal processes. Detailed maps describing the space/time distribution of groundwater contaminants, atmospheric pollutant deposition processes, rainfall intensity variables, external intermittency functions, etc. are tools whose importance in practical applications cannot be overestimated. Such maps are valuable inputs for numerous applications including, for example, solute transport, storm modeling, turbulent-nonturbulent flow characterization, weather prediction, and human exposure to hazardous substances. The approach considered here uses the spatiotemporal random field theory to study natural space/time variations and derive dynamic stochastic estimates of physical variables. The random field model is constructed in a space/time continuum that explicitly involves both spatial and temporal aspects and provides a rigorous representation of spatiotemporal variabilities and uncertainties. This has considerable advantages as regards analytical investigations of natural processes. The model is used to study natural space/time variations of springwater calcium ion data from the Dyle River catchment area, Belgium. This dataset is characterized by a spatially nonhomogeneous and temporally nonstationary variability that is quantified by random field parameters, such as orders of space/time continuity and random field increments. A rich class of covariance models is determined from the properties of the random field increments. The analysis leads to maps of continuity orders and covariances reflecting space/time calcium ion correlations and trends. Calcium ion estimates and the associated statistical errors are calculated at unmeasured locations/instants over the Dyle region using a space/time kriging algorithm. In practice, the interpretation of the results of the dynamic stochastic analysis should take into consideration the scale effects. 相似文献
148.
In the Dharwar tectonic province, the Peninsular Gneiss was considered to mark an event separating the deposition of the older
supracrustal Sargur Group and the younger supracrustal Dharwar Supergroup. Compelling evidence for the evolution of the Peninsular
Gneiss, a polyphase migmatite, spanning over almost a billion years from 3500 Ma to 2500 Ma negates a stratigraphic status
for this complex, so that the decisive argument for separating the older and younger supracrustal groups loses its basis.
Correlatable sequence of superposed folding in all the supracrustal rocks, the Peninsular Gneiss and the banded granulites,
indicate that the gneiss ‘basement’ deformed in a ductile manner along with the cover rocks. An angular unconformity between
the Sargur Group and the Dharwar Super-group, suggested from some areas in recent years, has been shown to be untenable on
the basis of detailed studies, A number of small enclaves distributed throughout the gneissic terrane, with an earlier deformational,
metamorphic and migmatitic history, provide the only clue to the oldest component which has now been extensively reworked. 相似文献
149.
150.