Unstable kinetic Alfvén wave in partially ionized plasma

The stability of kinetic Alfven waves is discussed for a partially ionized plasma with a flux of ionizing electrons which balance the plasma particle losses. Accidental electromagnetic perturbations are shown to be unstable due to the energy change of ionizing electrons.     

4D一体化多媒体电子地图集理论方法和技术研究与开发--以《云南省生态环境多媒体电子地图集》为例

本文首先研究了4D数据一体化多媒体电子地图集的理论和信息机理,包括4D数据在电子地图集中的集成、融合和应用的信息机理,多源多类信息交互认知和传输机理,4D信息的查询、分析、模拟、调控和表达的信息机理,以及4D数据一体化电子地图集的理论框架。其次,文章深入研究和解决了建立4D一体化多媒体电子地图集过程中的诸多技术方法问题,例如多源多类数据的集成和融合、基于主导数据库的多重表达、多媒体地图动画、基于4D数据的信息分析和量算、生态环境信息动态仿真和虚拟表达等。在论文第三部分,文章介绍了作者研发的《云南省生态环境多媒体电子地图集》成果,包括其结构、功能、内容、超媒体链接等方面的设计,查询功能和分析量算功能的开发,以及本电子地图集的分析应用成果。     

POS辅助航空摄影测量精度分析

通过陕西勉县测区的POS辅助航空摄影测量试验,本文对SWDC-4搭载POS/AV 510 V5系统获取的航测数据使用直接定向法和POS辅助空中三角测量2种方法进行1∶10 000成图精度验证。结果证明:国产SWDC-4航摄仪与POS/AV系统集成进行POS辅助空三的加密成果能满足该测区1∶10 000地形图测图的平面和高程精度要求,直接定向也是可行的。     

利用遥感技术建立墨西哥热带地上生物量模型(英文)

Spatially-explicit estimation of aboveground biomass(AGB) plays an important role to generate action policies focused in climate change mitigation,since carbon(C) retained in the biomass is vital for regulating Earth’s temperature.This work estimates AGB using both chlorophyll(red,near infrared) and moisture(middle infrared) based normalized vegetation indices constructed with MCD43A4 MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS) and MOD44B vegetation continuous fields(VCF) data.The study area is located in San Luis Potosí,Mexico,a region that comprises a part of the upper limit of the intertropical zone.AGB estimations were made using both individual tree data from the National Forest Inventory of Mexico and allometric equations reported in scientific literature.Linear and nonlinear(expo-nential) models were fitted to find their predictive potential when using satellite spectral data as explanatory variables.Highly-significant correlations(p = 0.01) were found between all the explaining variables tested.NDVI62,linked to chlorophyll content and moisture stress,showed the highest correlation.The best model(nonlinear) showed an index of fit(Pseudo-r2) equal to 0.77 and a root mean square error equal to 26.00 Mg/ha using NDVI62 and VCF as explanatory variables.Validation correlation coefficients were similar for both models:lin-ear(r = 0.87**) and nonlinear(r = 0.86**).     

一种平面四参数法坐标转换方法的实现

简述了GPS坐标转换技术,详细介绍了一种平面四参数坐标转换的方法,然后采用VB6.0编写程序实现此坐标转换方法,并对这种坐标转换方法进行了验证。程序界面简捷,直观,实用,程序精度较高,在平时的工作中的到较好的应用。     

Optimization of mooring observations in Northern Bering Sea

The problem of the optimal sampling strategy for moored current velocity observations in the Northern Bering Sea is addressed. We analyze dynamically induced correlations in the North Bering Sea currents and conduct their sensitivity analysis to optimize positions of a limited number of moorings. Optimization of the sampling strategy is performed with respect to robustness of the reconstruction of the North Bering Sea circulation with a particular emphasis on the accurate monitoring of the mean Bering Strait transport. Computations reveal four major regions in the North Bering Sea basin that are highly correlated with the Bering Strait transport. Apart from the regions within the Bering Strait itself, they include the Anadyr Strait and a region 100 km south of the Cape of Prince of Wales. Results of the sensitivity analysis are tested in the framework of twin data experiments with the quasi-stationary and oscillatory background circulations.     

Present-day climatology and projected changes of warm and cold days in the CNRM-CM3 global climate model

The impact of global warming on the warmest and coldest days of the annual cycle is explored according to an A2 scenario simulated by the CNRM-CM3 climate model in the framework of the IPCC AR4 intercomparison. Given the multi-model spread in IPCC projections, a validation strategy is proposed using the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis. Validation of the late twentieth century model climatology shows that warm and cold model events are slightly too long and infrequent. Although interannual trends in the warm (cold) day occurrence were positive (negative) only for six (three) of the nine considered sub-continental regions, simulated model trends are always positive (negative). This different behaviour suggests that simulated non-anthropogenic decadal variability is small relative to anthropogenic trends. Large-scale synoptic processes associated with European regional warm and cold peaks are also described and validated. Regional cold peaks are better reproduced than warm peaks, whose intensity accuracy is limited by other physical variables. Positive (negative) winter anomalies of sea and land surface temperature lead to summers with severe (weak) temperatures. These inter-annual anomalies are generated by a persistent pressure dipole over Europe. Regarding climate change, warm (cold) events will become more (less) frequent and longer (shorter). The number of warm days will largely rise and the number of cold days will dramatically decrease. The intensity of warm days will be particularly pronounced over Europe, given the projected summer drying in this region. However, according to the limited skill of the CNRM model, these results must be considered with caution.     

Modeling Methane Emissions from Paddy Rice Fields under Elevated Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Conditions

Methane(CH4 ) emissions from paddy rice fields substantially contribute to the dramatic increase of this greenhouse gas in the atmosphere.Due to great concern about climate change,it is necessary to predict the effects of the dramatic increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide(CO2 ) on CH4 emissions from paddy rice fields.CH4MOD 1.0 is the most widely validated model for simulating CH4 emissions from paddy rice fields exposed to ambient CO2(hereinafter referred to as aCO2 ).We upgraded the model to CH4MOD 2.0 b...     

气象风险源的社会关注度风险等级分析方法

为了定量分析社会公众对气象风险关注等级程度以及对应等级的关注人数,综合应用模糊数学和多项式拟合方法,以西安市2004年1月至2007年10月,与当地公众生活关系密切的5类高影响天气事件,即:高温、雷暴、大到暴雨、中雨和小雨,作为潜在气象风险源,综合应用12121气象信息服务电话拨打次数和气象信息,计算出气象风险超越概率,通过对其4次多项式的拟合和求解,定量计算了一般、中、高三等级的气象风险关注度以及对应等级的关注人数.这有利于政府决策者及社会公众在响应气象风险时有较为定量的判断.     

自然湿地甲烷排放模拟研究——模型的灵敏度分析与应用

对甲烷湿地排放模型CH4MODwetland进行灵敏度分析表明,环境驱动因素——温度和地表水深是影响甲烷排放通量的主要因素,地表水深对季节性积水沼泽甲烷排放通量的灵敏度大于常年积水沼泽。模型对植物和土壤输入参数的灵敏度响应依次为Wmax(地上生物量最大值)FR(地下净初级生产力占植物总净初级生产力的比例)fV(植被类型系数)TAmax(植物从生长初期到最大地上生物量所需有效积温)ρ(容量),OM(土壤有积质含量)SAND(土壤砂粒含量)。以经验水位模型驱动CH4MODwetland,模拟三江平原毛果苔草和小叶章沼泽(1950年代～2000年代),以及若尔盖高原木里苔草和乌拉苔草沼泽(1960年代～2000年代)多年甲烷排放通量的变化。结果表明,年代际甲烷排放通量的变化主要受降水量的影响,但气候变暖使得降水量基本相同的年代甲烷排放通量增加:三江平原毛果苔草沼泽和小叶章沼泽(1980年代～2000年代比1950年代～1970年代模拟的甲烷排放通量分别增加了9.5%和8.3%;若尔盖高原乌拉苔草沼泽和木里苔草沼泽(1990年代～2000年代比1960年代～1970年代)分别增加了6.0%和5.5%。该结论能够为评估未来气候变化对中国湿地甲烷排放的影响提供依据。