天然状态与饱和状态下的不稳定斜坡危险性对比分析

本文依据北京市房山区史家营乡大村涧村的调查成果,借助于有限元分析软件,建立居住区附近影响范围内的边坡三维工程地质力学模型和弹塑性模型,利用有限差分法分析,对单一矸石堆边坡和矸石-岩土混合型边坡,进行计算分析,对比分析了这两种边坡在天然状态下与饱和状态下的安全系数,最终进行了边坡危险性评价。     

GBW10010a大米标准物质复(研)制及数据特征

随着我国对生态文明建设的重视,自然资源综合调查势在必行,对生物标准物质亦提出了新的需求。当前相关调研工作已经大面积开展,自然资源综合调查、农产品与食品安全评价都需要对生物样品元素组成进行准确测试,需要以生物标准物质作为生物成分测试量值比对和溯源的基础,因此对生物基体标准物质的需求量大幅增加。大米作为主要粮食之一,其食品安全日益受到重视,对大米中的化学成分进行准确的分析测试具有重要的现实意义,因而对大米标准物质的需求量尤为突出,但目前大米成分分析标准物质已供不应求。本文严格按照《标准物质定值的通用原则及统计学原理》（JJF 1343—2012）和《地质分析标准物质的研制》（JJF 1646—2017）等相关规范要求,开展了GBW10010a大米成分分析标准物质的复（研）制工作,包括样品采集、加工制备、均匀性检验、稳定性检验、多家实验室协作定值测试及不确定度评定等关键环节。结果表明：本次复（研）制的大米标准物质定值成分多样、量值准确可靠,符合国家一级标准物质的要求。GBW10010a共定值54项主微量元素,包括Ag、Al、As、B、Ba、Be、Bi、Ca、Cd、Ce、Co、Cr、Cs、Cu、Dy、Er、Eu、Fe、Gd、Ge、Hg、Ho、K、La、Li、Ho、Mg、Mn、Mo、N、Na、Nb、Nd、Ni、P、Pb、Pr、Rb、S、Sb、Sc、Se、Si、Sm、Sr、Tb、Th、Tl、Tm、U、V、Y、Yb、Zn,其中的39项元素给出了标准值及不确定度,包括Ag、Al、As、B、Ba、Ca、Cd、Ce、Co、Cs、Cu、Dy、Er、Fe、Hg、K、Li、Mg、Mn、Mo、N、Na、Nd、Ni、P、Pb、Pr、Rb、S、Sb、Se、Si、Sm、Sr、Tb、Tl、Y、Yb、Zn;15项元素提供参考值,包括Be、Bi、Cr、Eu、Gd、Ge、Ho、Ho、La、Nb、Sc、Th、Tm、U、V。与原有GBW10010大米标准物质相比较,GBW10010a中As、Cd、Co、Cr、Cu、Hg、Mn、Mo、Ni、Zn等重金属元素含量显著下降,其中Cd、Cu、Zn降幅较大,分别下降约39%、43%、38.7%,一定程度上反映了农田生态环境的改善。本批标准物质定值元素总数量增加了6项,新增定值元素Ag、Nb（Nb给出参考值）,并且各项元素不确定度范围整体上有所缩小,如Al、Cd、Cu、Fe、K、Mg、Mo、Na、P、Pb、Se、Zn等对生物易有影响的重要元素,表明了地质分析测试方法技术的进步及定值水平的提高。本批标准物质定值元素涵盖了具有生物效应的大部分主微量元素,适用于农业生态环境地球化学调查与评价、生物样品测试、农产品质量与食品安全评价样品测试时的分析仪器校正、分析方法评价和分析质量监控等多个领域。     

Evolution of 3D tectonic stress field and fault movement in North China

IntroductionThe research on stress field interior the Earth is an either relative old or young branch of geoscience. Early in the 20th century, in order to learn the state of inner stress field, a few scholars had used simple ideal model to analyze big scale tectonic conformations and activities according to tide, gravity, rotation and inner thermal materials. So far, lots of problems on the state of the Earth stress field have not been solved completely yet. The origin of stress field, the d…     

Changing grading of soil: effect on critical states

Examples of situations are presented where the grading of a soil changes during its lifetime either by crushing of particles leading to an increase of fine material or by slow transport of fine particles with seepage leading to a decrease of fine material. Such grading changes influence the basic constitutive properties of the soil, in particular properties such as critical states which are dependent on the available range of densities of packing. Discrete element modelling is used to show the dependence of critical state conditions on grading and the way in which the particle assembly seeks out new critical state conditions as the grading changes.     

大型整体式贮煤筒仓基础有限元分析

采用有限元分析了不同土体的弹性本构关系和不同堆煤荷载施加方式对筒仓基础的影响;在此基础上分析了煤压力、桩土之间的接触压力、桩的内力与变形、土体沉降等变化规律。从计算结果可知,考虑土体的弹性模量随土层的压实而提高,并考虑煤与筒仓、基础土体之间的相互作用,使得筒仓基础的受力状态与实际情况更接近,从而得到优化的筒仓基础设计。     

多元素衬值累加地球化学方法在找矿中的应用——以青海省夏日哈-什多龙远景区为例

青海省夏日哈-什多龙成矿远景区位于青藏高原东昆仑东段,西起都兰县夏日哈镇,东至兴海县什多龙一带,跨祁漫塔格北坡-夏日哈岩浆弧和北昆仑岩浆弧,是青海省重要的成矿区。为了在该区寻找新的成矿有利地段,本文在对该区区域地质背景、矿产特征及区内典型矿床地质特征系统研究的基础上,利用多元素衬值累加地球化学找矿方法,在区域上优选出一批找矿靶区。多元素衬值累加地球化学找矿方法首先收集远景区1∶5万水系沉积物测量成果,经过数据处理,绘制远景区衬值累计地球化学图,进而建立典型矿床找矿模式,最终通过对比分析,选出新的找矿靶区。对圈定的找矿靶区进行野外踏勘检查,均发现不同程度的矿化线索,为今后在该区进一步找矿起到了很好的指导作用。通过本次工作,发现了该方法在靶区圈定方面的优势:(1)可快速圈定异常,提高工作效率;(2)编制的地球化学图浓集中心更显著;(3)圈定的找矿靶区找矿成果显著,尤其针对陆相火山岩型多金属矿、斑岩型铜钼矿、矽卡岩型多金属矿找矿成果突出;(4)能直观反映背景变化趋势,有助于评价异常。     

REE/trace element characteristics of sandstone-type uranium deposits in the Ordos Basin

1 Introduction The Ordos Basin is the second largest sedimentary basin in China. During the last 10 years, a great progress has been achieved in the aspects of tectonic evolution, dynamics process, inner and outer geological processes during Mesozoic-Cen…     

基于模糊物元的城市化生态预警模型及应用

根据模糊物元理论建立了城市化的生态预警模型,将警报级别分为无警、轻警、中警、重警和巨警5级,并从资源预警、生态预警和环境预警3个方面构建河西走廊城市化进程中的生态环境预警指标体系,设立了预警参照标准与预警界限、警灯、警度,对河西走廊进行了实证分析。结果发现,河西走廊及五大地市按照预警指数从大到小的顺序依次为：张掖市、武威市、金昌市、河西走廊、嘉峪关市和酒泉市。其中,河西走廊的生态用水比重、植被覆盖率、人均环境保护费用和万元产值工业SO2排放量的景气指数最高,处于重警状态;城市工业用地定额、城市居住用地定额、万元产值工业废水排放量和万元产值工业粉尘排放量的景气指数最低,均处于轻警状态;其它指标均处于中警状态。可见,相对于土地资源和环境污染因素而言,水资源和生态条件已经对河西走廊的城市化产生了较强的束缚作用。     

Characteristics of the Mesozoic and Cenozoic Tectonic Stress Fields of the Urumqi-Usu Region, Xinjiang

Based on the study of folds and related conjugate shear joints, the tectonic stress fields of the Urumqi-Usu region to the north of the North Tianshan Mountains have been reconstructed. Furthermore the author discussed the tectonic movements and their dynamic features. The early tectonic movement in the investigated region occurred from the end of the Late Jurassic to the initial stage of the Early Cretaceous, with the maximum (tensile) and minimum (compressional) principal stress trajectories in the tectonic stress field being in E-W and S-N directions respectively; the late tectogenesis took place from the end of the Early Pleistocene to the initial Middle Pleistocene, with the maximum and minimum principal stress trajectories in the late stress field striking in WNW and NE-NNE directions respectively. Through computer-aided simulated calculation by the finite element method and analysis of geological structure, it has been ascertained that the early tectogenesis is a nearly N-S compressive movement and the late one a NE to nearly N-S compressive movement with reverse shear. The dynamic force which caused the tectogeneses came from the movement of the southern major fault, i.e. the North Tianshan Mountains.     

Forward simulation of coal fire model by transient electromagnetic method with electrical source

Uncontrolled coal fires are natural disasters that may cause mineral loss and environmental damage. The traditional loop source transient electromagnetic method can effectively detect the low-resistivity region of coal fires, but its detection efficiency is not so good for high-resistivity regions. In view of this limitation, a technique based on electrical source transient electromagnetics is proposed in this paper to detect high-resistivity regions in the spontaneous combustion process of coal. Considering the complex geometry of the coal fire area, an unstructured tetrahedral grid is used in this study to realize the spatial discretization of the model, and solve the electromagnetic field based on a vector finite element algorithm. Numerical analysis is used to investigate methods for detecting coal fires and the characteristics of effective anomalies are further examined to provide guidance for practical detection.