成像测井系统软件主控模块的设计与分析

成像测井系统中的主控模块主要包括刻度、测井、回放、重测井等子模块．系统的测井主控采用双进程、多线程的设计方案,一个进程是采集管理器,它主要负责和前端机进行通讯．另一个进程就是主控软件,其中多个线程共享同一个内存空间．线程之间的通讯方便．系统采用实时抢占式调度控制方式．可及时处理在测井过程中的紧急事例和数据采集．根据windows NT中的DLL技术和面向对象中的动态联编技术,采用动态添加新仪器的设计思想,设计了测井仪器类及动态添加机制,可以将各种测井仪器的动态链接库动态安装到测井系统中．达到动态添加新仪器的目的,     

基于统一强度理论深埋圆形隧道围岩的剪胀分析

基于连续介质理论中岩体的剪胀角与围压和塑性剪切应变密切相关,隧洞周边岩体的应力状态因开挖卸荷而发生应力重分布,迫使其围压由原地应力逐渐衰减,塑性剪切应变不断增加,引起剪胀效应呈非线性变化。首先,基于统一强度理论和非关联流动法则,将潜在塑性区围岩按等围压释放划分为若干同心圆,提出了考虑中间主应力和非线性剪胀性的有限差分法,计算应变软化围岩的力学问题,并以实例验证其正确性。其次,通过参数分析,研究塑性区内岩体的剪胀角受中间主应力、临界软化系数和支护力的影响规律。研究结果表明,中间主应力主要影响剪胀角的峰值,随着中间主应力效应增加,剪胀峰值增加;临界软化系数主要影响剪胀角的变化率,随着临界软化系数的增加,剪胀角变化缓慢;中间主应力和临界软化系数共同影响塑性区剪胀角的变化;随着支护力的增加,洞壁处的剪胀角增加;双剪强度理论计算的位移值较小,应谨慎采用,同时采用Mohr-Coulomb强度准则时可以适当考虑围岩的承载潜力。     

基于弹性张量离散化的脆延转变本构模型研究

外部荷载作用下的裂隙扩展在空间上一般是非均匀的,引起岩石材料的衍生各向异性。将材料离散成大量随机分布的由力键连结的物质点,基于力键的方向性,且将局部弹性张量离散成一定数量的方向张量,理论推导出力键模量与宏观弹性参数之间的关系。通过考虑力键断裂效应,建立了各向异性弹性损伤本构模型。为了模拟中等孔隙率岩石在常规三轴压缩试验中脆性向延性转变的力学行为,在力键断裂效应中引入损伤抑制函数。通过模拟Tennessee大理岩和Indiana石灰岩的常规三轴实验,并与试验数据对比,验证了模型的合理性和有效性。     

饱和软土成层地基一维非线性固结解析解

假定土体在固结过程中压缩性和渗透性的变化成正比,基于 - 及 - 关系,推导出饱和软土成层地基一维非线性固结解析解,分别给出了按沉降定义和按有效应力定义的每层土平均固结度及整个土层总固结度的计算公式。采用Fortran语言编制了相应的计算程序,将计算得到的结果与已有双层地基一维非线性固结解析解计算结果进行比较,验证该解析解的正确性。利用该程序分析成层地基一维非线性固结性状,分别讨论了初始竖向渗透系数、初始体积压缩系数、荷载值及土层厚度对地基固结性状的影响。分析结果表明：在成层地基一维非线性固结过程中,初始竖向渗透系数对超静孔压的影响较为复杂,对上下层地基固结速率影响不同;初始体积压缩系数增大,超静孔压增大,固结速率变小;所加荷载值越大,超静孔压消散越慢,固结发展越慢;超静孔压消散速率不仅取决于土层厚度,同时取决于各层土渗透性的相对大小。     

新型灭螺药氯代水杨胺环境行为研究Ⅰ——土壤吸附和淋溶特性

测定与评价新型灭螺药氯代水杨胺在土壤中的吸附和淋溶特性,为该药进行农药登记提供环境影响资料。依据中华人民共和国国家标准《化学农药环境安全评价试验准则》土壤吸附试验和土壤淋溶试验方法进行了土壤吸附试验,结果表明氯代水杨胺在潮土中的吸附常数(K_d)为17.606,吸附系数(K_(oc))为1 222.6,水土比为100︰1时,氯代水杨胺在红土和黑土中的吸附率大于80%。土壤淋溶试验结果显示,氯代水杨胺在潮土中R_f(R_f表示物质在两相中分配系数相关的数值)=0.158;红土中R_f=0.085:黑土中R_f=0.085。根据《化学农药环境安全评价试验准则》农药土壤吸附性等级划分标准和在土壤中的移动性等级划分标准,氯代水杨胺在潮土中的吸附性能为中等吸附,在水土比为100︰1时,氯代水杨胺在红土、黑土中的吸附率大于80%。氯代水杨胺在潮土土壤中的移动性为不易移动;在红土土壤和黑土土壤中的移动性均为不移动。结论为,在p H相对较低的红土和黑土环境中,氯代水杨胺的吸附能力较强,移动性较弱,表明新型灭螺药氯代水杨胺对环境的影响较小。     

Numerical simulation of dynamic response around shield tunnel in the soft soil area

When a subway train moves through a tunnel, vibrations are generated and transmitted to soils around the tunnel and adjacent structures. Subway train operation has an impact on the shield tunnel lining and the soils around tunnel, especially soft soils that are mostly marine sediments having poor engineering properties. An elastoplastic dynamic finite difference model was built by considering the hysteretic behavior of these marine soft soils and the interaction between the soils and the tunnel to study their dynamic response. Elastic and plastic constitutive models were adopted for tunnel lining and soft soils, respectively. Hysteretic damping was obtained with the Hardin–Drnevich model to reflect the hysteretic behavior of soil under the dynamic load. There are two peaks of the cumulative vertical displacement within 2?s of train moving and it reaches a dynamic balance after 2?s. The soil layers below the shield tunnel are under the compression and the soil layers above the tunnel are in the extrusion state, and turn to uplift. Maximum bending moment and shear forces of lining vary and appear at different places. A parametric study indicates that the speed of train and the interface have an impact on the dynamic behavior of soft soils.     

Algorithm for generation of stratigraphic profiles using cone penetration test data

Cone Penetration Test (CPT) data are often used directly in the design of shallow and deep foundations and many other applications. To produce more cost-effective designs, it is advantageous to use CPT data to establish stratigraphic profiles as well. Algorithms to generate a stratigraphic profile using data from an individual CPT sounding and a Soil Behavior Type (SBT) chart as inputs are presented. Two SBT charts from the literature were selected and modified to eliminate ambiguity in soil classification. Novel algorithms were developed for handling the occurrence of thin layers within a stratigraphic profile to account for the fact that the standard CPT cone cannot accurately sense layers with thickness below a certain limit and a representative cone resistance cannot be obtained if the layer is too thin. Likewise, the algorithms prevent the creation of a soil profile with adjacent layers of essentially the same soil by consolidating layers appropriately. The algorithms presented generate a design soil profile, produced using a precise classification based on soil type and state and by elimination of artificial layering, that can be more effectively used in design.     

Load-settlement behavior modeling of single piles using artificial neural networks and CPT data

Pile foundations are usually used when the conditions of the upper soil layers are weak and unable to support the super-structural loads. Piles carry these super-structural loads deep into the ground. Therefore, the safety and stability of pile-supported structures depends largely on the behavior of the piles. In addition, accurate prediction of pile behavior is necessary to ensure appropriate structural and serviceability performance. In this paper, an ANN model is developed for predicting pile behavior based on the results of cone penetration test (CPT) data. Approximately 500 data sets, obtained from the published literature, are used to develop the ANN model. The paper compares the predictions obtained by the ANN with those given by a number of traditional methods and it is observed that the ANN model significantly outperforms the traditional methods. An important advantage of the ANN model is that the complete load-settlement relationship is captured. Finally, the paper proposes a series of charts for predicting pile behavior that will be useful for pile design.     

Wind-induced dynamic amplification effects on the shallow foundation of a horizontal-axis wind turbine

Wind loads are random variables, which induce significantly greater responses in structures than do static loads. We develop a finite-infinite element model of a 2 MW wind turbine using ABAQUS and then verify it with in situ data. The adopted dynamic constitutive model of the soil is based on the Davidenkov skeleton curve. The results demonstrate that the dynamic amplification factors (DAFs) strongly depend on wind speed and spatial position. Considerable values of the DAFs, ground acceleration, and ground velocity are observed, suggesting that the responses of the shallow foundation of a wind turbine are affected by dynamic wind loads.