动态高压下斜长石的熔融和玻璃化研究

斜长石在冲击波产生的动态高温高压作用下较易熔融和淬火为非晶态物质，其矿物学名为熔长石。在随州陨石冲击变质特征的研究中，发现橄榄石、辉石等矿物除出现微裂隙外均保存完好，而多数斜长石颗粒则已熔融和玻璃化。可区分出两种形态的熔长石，一种是保持了原有矿物颗粒外形的‘继形熔长石’，另一种则以熔池状和脉状体形式产出的‘改形熔长石’。两种熔长石的光学和物理性质相似，它们的化学成分与晶质斜长石也基本相同，说明斜长石在高压下熔融时没有与周围物质发生明显的组分交换。在吉林陨石的人工冲击实验产物中，斜长石是最先熔融的硅酸盐矿物，也多以填隙的他形颗粒或脉状体和熔池的形式产出。经与其它陨石的静态高压淬火实验研究结果的比较，推定继形和改形熔长石的形成条件为≈20GPa和≤1100℃。本研究结果对了解地幔橄榄岩和俯冲的大洋板片部分熔融作用，以及地球火山岩玻璃和超基性岩中铬尖晶石的玻璃相岩浆包襄体物理化学性质有一定参考价值。     

实验室测绘教学仪器的管理

在分析了当前测绘仪器管理存在问题的基础上，从仪器在实验室的管理体制、模式方面做了有益探讨和分析，提出了测绘仪器实行动态管理和开放使用的模式。     

基于动力统计模型重构的副热带高压中长期预报

基于T106数值预报产品500 hPa位势高度场序列,用EOF方法对位势场序列进行时、空分解,在考虑相邻时段位势场空间模态基本稳定的前提下,引入动力系统重构的思想,以EOF分解的空间模态时间系数序列作为动力统计模型变量,用遗传算法全局搜索和并行计算优势,进行了模型参数的优化反演,建立了EOF分解的时间系数的非线性预报模型。通过模型积分和EOF的时、空重构,实现了副热带高压活动场的中长期预报。试验结果表明,在短期预报(1—5 d)该模型与T106模式的预报效果大致相当;但对于中长期预报(≥5 d),其预报效果优于T106预报产品;特别是10 d以上的预报结果对副热带高压的形态和范围仍然能较为准确地描述。该研究方法对副热带高压等复杂天气系统和要素场预报提供了一种新的思路。     

建筑群对城市冠层动力、热力效应的数值试验研究

利用中尺度模式MM5,分别耦合传统的边界层参数化方案和城市冠层参数化方案,模拟了2001年冬季北京冠层大气的动力、热力特征,并和观测资料进行了对比分析.分析结果表明,城市冠层参数化方案更能细致描述建筑群对城市冠层大气的动力、热力作用.由于建筑群的动力、热力作用,使北京城区的温度升高,风速减小,湍流动能增强,形成了明显的增温区、阻风区和湍能增强区,中心均位于城区高大建筑群附近,并向郊区递减.     

土地利用动态遥感监测成果应用现状及信息共享策略

新一轮国土资源大调查工程中土地利用动态遥感监测项目,经过六年多的运行取得了丰富的成果和第一手数据资料,是土地管理工作中重要的数据资源,本文通过对土地利用动态遥感监测成果内容和特点、应用现状及存在问题的分析,提出成果应用建议。     

RS和GIS支持下的盐池县生态景观格局动态变化研究

基于遥感（RS）和地理信息系统（GIS）技术，以Landsat TM/ETM图像为基本数据源，综合运用景观生态学理论和方法，对我国典型农牧交错生态脆弱区宁夏盐池县1991~2000年生态景观格局动态变化进行了研究。结果表明： 盐池县各景观类型都发生了很大程度的消长变化，景观格局处于快速调整和不稳定发展阶段，但生态景观基质还是草地，景观格局始终呈农牧交错结构。     

Differences Between Mode I and Mode II Crack Propagation

Although mode I and mode II crack propagation show many similarities, in particular when analysed by linear elastic fracture mechanics, they differ significantly in the micro-structural behaviour. These differences, which are clearly noticeable in the fracture surface morphology, lead to fundamental differences in the macroscopic behaviour. Thus, mode II crack expansion under remote loading, appears to obey micro-structural scaling laws, implying that the dimensions of the process region stay essentially constant during crack expansion, rather than increasing with crack length. Therefore, expanding mode II cracks can almost reach the Rayleigh velocity, and actually also intersonic velocities. An expanding mode I crack, on the other hand, seems to obey continuum scaling laws, implying that the dimensions of the process region increase in proportion to crack length, leading to self-similar crack expansion at a velocity significantly below the Rayleigh speed and dependent on the remote load.     

Simulating coseismic deformation of quartz in the middle crust and fabric evolution during postseismic stress relaxation — An experimental study

Non-steady state deformation and annealing experiments on vein quartz are designed to simulate earthquake-driven episodic deformation in the middle crust. Three types of experiments were carried out using a modified Griggs-type solid medium deformation apparatus. All three start with high stress deformation at a temperature of 400 °C and a constant strain rate of 10^− 4 s^− 1 (type A), some are followed by annealing in the stability field of α-quartz for 14–15 h at zero nominal differential stress and temperatures of 800–1000 °C (type A + B), or by annealing for 15 h at 900 °C and at a residual stress (type A + C).The quartz samples reveal a very high strength > 2 GPa at a few percent of permanent strain. The microstructures after short-term high stress deformation (type A) record localized brittle and plastic deformation. Statisc annealing (type A + B) results in recrystallisation restricted to the highly damaged zones. The new grains aligned in strings and without crystallographic preferred orientation, indicate nucleation and growth. Annealing at non-hydrostatic conditions (type A + C) results in shear zones that also develop from deformation bands or cracks that formed during the preceding high stress deformation. In this case, however, the recrystallised zone is several grain diameters wide, the grains are elongate, and a marked crystallographic preferred orientation indicates flow by dislocation creep with dynamic recrystallisation. Quartz microstructures identical to those produced in type A + B experiments are observed in cores recovered from Long Valley Exploratory Well in the Quaternary Long Valley Caldera, California, with considerable seismic activity.The experiments demonstrate the behaviour of quartz at coseismic loading (type A) and subsequent static annealing (type A + B) or creep at decaying stress (type A + C) in the middle crust. The experimentally produced microfabrics allow to identify similar processes and conditions in exhumed rocks.     

克拉通盆地构造转折区中-新生界构造特征及其控藏意义——以鄂尔多斯盆地西南部镇泾地区延长组为例

基于三维地震、测井、岩矿测试等资料，分析了镇泾地区中生界断裂体系特征与成因，结合源岩热演化与储层物性反演结果，恢复了长8段油气成藏的动态演化过程，探讨了中生代以来构造活动对长8段油气成藏的影响作用。研究认为鄂尔多斯盆地内部镇泾构造转折区构造变形受盆地边缘影响明显，发育复杂断裂体系，构造特征及演化对油气藏的形成与分布有重要控制作用。结果表明：（1）中生界北西向、北东东向、近东西向3组断裂发育，平面上呈雁列式带状展布，剖面上为高陡产状且小断距错动。印支期北西向主断裂走滑明显，中、晚燕山期北东向断裂活动加强，喜山期北东东向次级断裂密度增大，并派生大量剪切裂隙。（2）长8段油藏经历了晚三叠世储集层、烃源岩层初始沉积形成，早白垩世初期少量低熟油近源充注形成岩性油藏，早白垩世末成熟油快速输导形成受断层及裂缝控制的构造-岩性油气藏，晚白垩世以来早期油藏调整等4个阶段。（3）印支运动控制了烃源岩及储层展布范围，I类北西向走滑断裂控制了镇泾地区中生界构造格局；中、晚燕山运动加速烃源岩热演化进程，并改善储层物性，II类断裂活动，为烃类输导提供垂向通道；喜山运动使先存中生界断裂活动，控制油气调整范围及油藏差异富集；其中北东东向II类张性或张扭性断裂导流性能好，是最为有效的富油断层。     

WINDOWS下实时气象资料接收及运行状态监视系统

气象资料接收的好坏,不可避免地影响到气象预报质量。该软件系统能实时动态监视气象资料的接收情况,及时获得资料的缺、迟、错等信息,及时补报,有利于提高资料的完整性及预报准确率。