利用非组合精密单点定位技术确定斜向电离层总电子含量和站星差分码偏差

联合双频GPS数据,利用相位平滑伪距算法,可得到包含斜向电离层总电子含量（slant total electron content,sTEC）、测站和卫星差分码偏差（differential code bias,DCB）的电离层观测值（称之为＂平滑伪距电离层观测值＂）,常应用于与电离层有关的研究。然而,平滑伪距电离层观测值易受平滑弧段长度和与测站有关的误差影响。提出一种新算法：利用非组合精密单点定位技术（precise point positioning,PPP）计算电离层观测值（称之为＂PPP电离层观测值＂）,进而估计sTEC和站星DCB。基于短基线试验,先用一台接收机按上述两种方法估计sTEC,用于改正另一接收机观测值的电离层延迟以实施单频PPP,结果表明,利用PPP电离层观测值得到的sTEC精度较高,定位结果的可靠性较强。随后,选取全球分布的8个IGS（internationalGNSS service）连续跟踪站2009年1月内某四天的观测数据,利用上述两种电离层观测值计算所有卫星的DCB,并将计算结果与CODE发布的月平均值进行比较,其中,平滑伪距电离层观测值的卫星DCB估值与CODE（Centre for Orbit Deter mination in Europe）发布值的差别较大,部分卫星甚至可达0.2～0.3 ns,而PPP电离层观测值而言,绝大多数卫星对应的差异均在0.1 ns以内。     

快速星历代替最终星历的可行性研究

精密单点定位中卫星星历误差和卫星钟差是影响定位精度的重要误差。基于传统的消电离层模型,编制相应的程序,然后对目前IGS提供的2种精密星历（IGF、IGR）及其钟差进行实验分析。结果表明,快速星历及其钟差可以代替最终星历及其钟差进行定位。     

基于SWDC的GPS辅助航空摄影空三加密精度分析

随着GPS技术的不断成熟,GPS辅助航空摄影测量也取得了长足的进展.由于GPS辅助航测只需通过在航摄仪上安置GPS接收机,即能实时获取摄站的空间坐标,从而节省了大量的人力、物力、财力,并且大大缩短了整个航测的作业周期.本文采用GPS辅助航空摄影测量方法,以北京八达岭摄区为例,分别利用PBBA和PATB两种加密软件,设计...     

南亚高压对亚洲季风区夏季对流层上层水汽异常分布的动力效应

正确认识对流层上层水汽以及其他大气痕量成分的分布和形成机理对于正确认识全球气候变化具有重要的意义.已有的研究说明亚洲季风区为全球的一个特殊的区域.基于最新的卫星微波临边探测仪(EOS-MLS)资料,首先定性地分析了亚洲季风区对流层上层水汽分布异常特征,然后,利用2005年夏季NCEP/NCAR的GFS资料和大气拉格朗日...     

Impact of Spin-up Forcing on Vegetation States Simulated by a Dynamic Global Vegetation Model Coupled with a Land Surface Model

A dynamic global vegetation model (DGVM) coupled with a land surface model (LSM) is generally initialized using a spin-up process to derive a physically-consistent initial condition. Spin-up forcing, which is the atmospheric forcing used to drive the coupled model to equilibrium solutions in the spin-up process, varies across earlier studies. In the present study, the impact of the spin-up forcing in the initialization stage on the fractional coverages (FCs) of plant functional type (PFT) in the subsequent simulation stage are assessed in seven classic climate regions by a modified Community Land Model’s Dynamic Global Vegetation Model (CLM-DGVM). Results show that the impact of spin-up forcing is considerable in all regions except the tropical rainforest climate region (TR) and the wet temperate climate region (WM). In the tropical monsoon climate region (TM), the TR and TM transition region (TR-TM), the dry temperate climate region (DM), the highland climate region (H), and the boreal forest climate region (BF), where FCs are affected by climate non-negligibly, the discrepancies in initial FCs, which represent long-term cumulative response of vegetation to different climate anomalies, are large. Moreover, the large discrepancies in initial FCs usually decay slowly because there are trees or shrubs in the five regions. The intrinsic growth timescales of FCs for tree PFTs and shrub PFTs are long, and the variation of FCs of tree PFTs or shrub PFTs can affect that of grass PFTs.     

天线相位中心改正模型对PPP参数估计的影响

比较了IGS发布的相对天线相位中心改正模型与绝对天线相位中心改正模型,分析了两种不同模型对精密单点定位（PPP）参数估计的影响。结果表明,采用不同的天线相位中心改正模型,天顶对流层延迟（ZPD）的估值存在5mm左右的差异,接收机钟差参数存在3ns左右的差异,估计的测站坐标高程方向有1cm左右的差异。使用绝对天线相位中心模型估计得到的ZPD精度优于5mm,高程方向定位精度约为1cm,接收机钟差估计的精度达0.1ns。     

西板岔沟尾矿坝静力和动力稳定性分析

采用西安理工大学研发的EFES3D程序,运用等价粘弹性模型的三维有效应力有限元法,对河南洛南西板岔沟尾矿坝进行了地震永久残余变形、液化分析和边坡稳定分析,求得残余变形、孔压水平分布场和边坡安全系数。计算得到的坝坡的静力稳定最小的安全系数Fs为1.9,地震反应结束时的动力边坡稳定安全系数为1.19。计算结果表明西板岔沟尾矿坝在静力状态及动力作用下都是稳定的。     

粒子测速技术和透明土在土与结构动力相互作用研究中的应用

为了观测和研究土体内部的变形,人工合成透明土和图像光学技术作为新兴的试验技术成为岩土力学研究的有力手段。根据一系列共振柱/扭剪仪试验测得的人工合成透明土的基本动力特性在某种程度上表现出了与天然土类似的变化规律,可以在动力试验中用来作为天然土的代替品。并介绍了用于土体变形测量的粒子图像测速技术的工作原理和基于神经元网络的像机校正方法。利用两个小型振动台试验,采用透明土和粒子测速技术研究了刚性块体和透明土的动力相互作用。试验表明粒子测速技术和透明土在土与结构动力相互作用中是一个有力的研究工具。     

A tensile damage model for rocks: Application to blast induced damage assessment

In this paper, an experimental methodology is presented using digital image techniques to assess the internal microcracks and to quantify the rock damage within rock cores. The second part of the work is devoted to the numerical estimation of the tensile blast induced damage evolution law. The set up methodology is then applied to a set of limestone cores which were sampled before and after a real field blast round. The image analysis algorithm which was developed during the present work is based on a segmentation technique that uses a particular thresholding. Petrographic parameters, such as crack number, orientation, extension, centroid position were computed as a first step aiming at a fine characterization of the cracked medium. The most important estimated parameter is the specific crack area which is defined as the ratio between the crack area and the total image area. This parameter was taken as the rock internal damage. A dynamic tensile damage ordinary partial differential equation is numerically solved and calibrated with the obtained data in order to derive a general blast induced damage evaluation law within the muckpile blocks. The application of the numerical algorithm to cores coming from sampled blocks before and after real field blasts allowed the estimation of damage parameter and dynamic stress evolution histories as well as an estimation of the microfracturing activation and growth energies used during the blast.     

Dynamic active earth pressure on cantilever retaining walls

In normal practice, the active earth pressure on cantilever retaining wall is evaluated with different procedures relating to an ideal vertical plane passing through the heel of the wall. If the wall presents a long heel, failure planes do not interfere with the vertical stem, so that the limit Rankine conditions can develop freely in the backfill. The inclination of lateral actions along the ideal plane is assumed to be constant and depends on the geometry of the ground level and on the friction angle φ. The Authors recently proposed a new method to evaluate the active earth pressure coefficient due to seismic loading with a pseudo-static stress plasticity solution. The present paper describes the application of this method to a retaining wall supporting a φ soil backfill with an irregular surface. For two different configurations of wall-soil system, the behaviour is also studied by continuum FDM dynamic analyses, utilising four Italian accelerometric time-histories scaled at the same peak ground acceleration. The comparison between different procedures is also analysed.