交通荷载作用下边坡动力响应数值分析

利用岩土数值分析软件FLAC2D6.0对边坡岩土体在不同交通荷载作用下动力响应做了数值分析。结果表明:在交通荷载作用下,岩土体的振动加速度在震源附近最大,沿坡面向上以及向内水平向逐渐减小;离震源越近衰减越快,随着距离增大而逐渐变慢,并且交通荷载越大衰减的幅度越大;路面以上边坡岩土体垂直加速度和水平加速度处于同一量级,垂直加速度大于水平加速度;路面以下加速度比路面以上大一个量级,水平加速度和垂直加速度处于同一量级,并且水平加速度大于垂直加速度。研究结果对于评价交通荷载对边坡岩土体的影响及边坡的加固与治理具有一定的理论意义和工程应用价值。     

Non-adiabatic State and Heat Energy Release in the Interior of the Earth

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The coupled oceanographic–tomographic analysis and prediction system: A practical means for utilizing high frequency tomography in the world's oceans

Details are presented of a methodology that utilizes acoustic travel time information in an ocean circulation model. Recent developments of this model-oriented tomography are discussed, representing some significant improvements over earlier formulations. More accurate means of determining the arrival times of specific ray paths are detailed, along with a means of estimating possible errors in the calculated travel times. The assimilation of the observed arrival time information into an ocean model is achieved using a Kalman gain, and more advanced expressions for calculating the Kalman gain are presented. A formulation to account for errors in the stated positions of a source and receiver is also presented. It is shown that the methodology performs fairly well in reproducing observed travel time anomalies. However, the model-predicted anomalies along a specific ray path may not always track the observed anomalies for that path when assimilating multiple ray path data. Results indicate that additional work is required to determine a means of handling observed arrival time data without having prior knowledge of the magnitude of errors in the observations. Results from simulation experiments provide estimates of: (1) potential errors when the travel times for ray paths are only sampled at discreet intervals as opposed to continuously and (2) to what degree acoustic data can be expected to “correct” model-predicted fields.     

纬向平均区域臭氧层动力学系统的反演及其研究

根据观测的O3总量场序列资料反演区域系统的非线性演化方程,采用自然正交分解方法,由空间函数构造相空间正交基,将时间函数（主成分）嵌入对应于系统状态变量,计算得到O3层系统的分数维D2＝2．9,说明它属于低自由度的混饨动力学系统．主成分的时间尺度层次特征,反映了O3层的各种动力行为,它们是动力学系统再现的集合,用于反演动力学方程可描述不同层次扰动的约束及相互作用的性质,刻画出系统的演化形态．为研究系统成分的内在关系,在三维和四维相空间中分别建立动力学方程。通过对比分析,两者描述O3层动力行为的差异表现在较低层次的系统成分中,表明在系统成分相互作用过程中高层次对低层次信息的不完全确定性。     

The Zymoetz River landslide, British Columbia, Canada: description and dynamic analysis of a rock slide–debris flow

The Zymoetz River landslide is a recent example of an extremely mobile type of landslide known as a rock slide–debris flow. It began as a failure of 900,000 m³ of bedrock, which mobilized an additional 500,000 m³ of surficial material in its path, transforming into a large debris flow that traveled over 4 km from its source. Seasonal snow and meltwater in the proximal part of the path were important factors. A recently developed dynamic model that accounts for material entrainment, DAN3D, was used to back-analyze this event. The two distinct phases of motion were modeled using different basal rheologies: a frictional model in the proximal path and a Voellmy model in the distal path, following the initiation of significant entrainment. Very good agreement between the observed and simulated results was achieved, suggesting that entrainment capabilities are essential for the successful simulation of this type of landslide.     

Fast performance uncertainty estimation via pushover and approximate IDA

Approximate methods based on the static pushover are introduced to estimate the seismic performance uncertainty of structures having non‐deterministic modeling parameters. At their basis lies the use of static pushover analysis to approximate Incremental Dynamic Analysis (IDA) and estimate the demand and capacity epistemic uncertainty. As a testbed we use a nine‐storey steel frame having beam hinges with uncertain moment–rotation relationships. Their properties are fully described by six, randomly distributed, parameters. Using Monte Carlo simulation with Latin hypercube sampling, a characteristic ensemble of structures is created. The Static Pushover to IDA (SPO2IDA) software is used to approximate the IDA capacity curve from the appropriately post‐processed results of the static pushover. The approximate IDAs allow the evaluation of the seismic demand and capacity for the full range of limit‐states, even close to global dynamic instability. Moment‐estimating techniques such as Rosenblueth's point estimating method and the first‐order, second‐moment (FOSM) method are adopted as simple alternatives to obtain performance statistics with only a few simulations. The pushover is shown to be a tool that combined with SPO2IDA and moment‐estimating techniques can supply the uncertainty in the seismic performance of first‐mode‐dominated buildings for the full range of limit‐states, thus replacing semi‐empirical or code‐tabulated values (e.g. FEMA‐350), often adopted in performance‐based earthquake engineering. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

水土流失区土地利用动态的遥感监测——以晋西三川河流域为例

本文以晋西三川河流域为试验区,利用不同时期的航空像片,采取集群抽样法,借助计算机建立信息数据库,并统计计算和辅助制图,进行土地资源动态监测,查清这一中型流域23年来土地利用动态变化情况及水土保持综合治理效益。     

两种叶面积指数动态模拟方法的对比研究

为了获得宁夏灌区春小麦叶面积指数( Leaf Area Index,LAI)动态模拟的最佳方法,根据宁夏灌区典型农业试验观测站春小麦LAI的大田观测数据,分别运用农业气象学和遥感反演等方法模拟春小麦LAI的动态变化,并对两种方法的模拟精度进行综合对比分析.结果表明,运用分段函数(三叶至抽穗期运用遥感反演法,抽穗至乳熟期...     

宁夏区域性强沙尘暴短期预报系统简介

通过对产生强沙尘暴天气三大因子的实时诊断 ,从强冷空气、热力不稳定和近地层环境分析入手 ,依据宁夏强沙尘暴天气预报的着眼点 ,在产生强沙尘暴天气的三维空间物理结构和动力过程所进行的动力过程相似检验前提下 ,建立对宁夏强沙尘暴有实际预报能力的综合指标和组合模型 ,在天气系统自动识别技术的支持下 ,应用螺旋度修正方案确定强沙尘暴落区 ,建立自动、客观化的强沙尘暴天气监测和预报系统。