夯击能应用于高填土地基的一些探讨

大量工程实践表明 ,对填土及软土地基进行夯击加固时 ,夯击能的选取不仅与填土层的厚度有关 ,而且与填土层下覆土质的工程地质条件等因素密切相关。本文结合南方某港口填土地基加固工程实例 ,对在高填土地层中夯击能的使用问题进行了探讨 ,分析了当填土层的下卧层分别为坚硬土层和软弱土层、以及当填土层的填料分别为粗颗粒料和含水量较高的粘性土等细粒填料时 ,填土层加固的机理 ,制定了在不同条件下选取夯击能的标准 ,并根据现场检测资料 ,评价了该场地的地基加固效果 ,进一步验证了所确定夯击能标准的可靠性。     

顾及非线性改正的动力学方法反演GRACE时变重力场模型

本文利用解的叠加原理求解了轨道扰动微分方程组,构建了扰动位系数与轨道和星间距变率的观测方程,并分别引入非线性改正项.通过惯性坐标系与运动坐标系的转换求解状态转移方程组,分析了观测方程的低频误差特征,导出了目前常用的消除剩余星间距变率低频误差的五参数或七参数经验公式.此外,根据非惯性力模型误差是分段标定的特点,提出利用三次样条函数来处理低频误差,通过模拟计算表明三次样条函数处理低频误差略优于七参数.最后,处理实际的GRAEC Level-1b数据,解算了2006年1月至2009年12月期间的月时变重力场模型UCAS_Grace01,通过在不同区域进行比较可以得出本文计算的时变重力场模型与国际官方机构精度基本是一致的结论.

     

应用DTM改善煤层自燃的热红外探测

根据遥感物理基础，提出了应用ＤＴＭ计算出地表的太阳辐射强度，并以此为依据校正ＴＭ第６波段的象元值，消除地形的影响，突出由煤层自燃引起的地表热异常，为灭火工程及火区动态监测提供信息和指导。文中选择了新疆准南煤田的硫磺沟火区为试验区，展示了研究的成果。     

CBERS-02B星数据在5•12汶川地震灾害监测中的应用——以唐家山堰塞湖动态监测为例

利用CBERS-02B星获取的多时相CCD数据,采用人机交互方式对唐家山堰塞湖进行水体信息提取,对湖泊面积变化进行统计分析,从而了解湖面的动态变化及发展趋势,为地质灾情评估与灾害防治提供了定量化依据。     

Dynamic Variations of the Gravity Field before and after the M5. 1 Wen’an Earthquake in Hebei Province

In order to explore the abnormal variations before and after the Wen'an M5. 1 earthquake on July 4, 2006, the gravity data observed by the Wenba Gravity Observation Network before and after the earthquake was analyzed. The relationships between gravity change and vertical displacement and shallow groundwater level were discussed, and elevation correction of the gravity was preliminarily performed. The results show that there were abnormal gravity changes before the M5. 1 earthquake, which appeared as gravity rising in the whole observation network, especially in the south part. A high gradient of gravity variation appeared around the epicenter before the M5. 1 earthquake, especially during the short period between October 2005 to April 2006. The boundary of the positive and negative gravity variations gradually deflected and began to recover from October 2007.     

East African topography and volcanism explained by a single,migrating plume

Anomalous topographic swells and Cenozoic volcanism in east Africa have been associated with mantle plumes.Several models involving one or more fixed plumes beneath the northeastward migrating African plate have been suggested to explain the space-time distribution of magmatism in east Africa.We devise paleogeographically constrained global models of mantle convection and,based on the evolution of flow in the deepest lower mantle,show that the Afar plume migrated southward throughout its lifetime.The models suggest that the mobile Afar plume provides a dynamically consistent explanation for the spatial extent of the southward propagation of the east African rift system(EARS),which is difficult to explain by the northeastward migration of Africa over one or more fixed plumes alone,over the last≈45 Myr.We further show that the age-progression of volcanism associated with the southward propagation of EARS is consistent with the apparent surface hotspot motion that results from southward motion of the modelled Afar plume beneath the northeastward migrating African plate.The models suggest that the Afar plume became weaker as it migrated southwards,consistent with trends observed in the geochemical record.     

第五代CT——超高速CT

超高速X线CT的动态摄影、三维图象的构成,临床上的作用已引起医学界的关注。本文将就超高速CT 装置的结构、性能、扫描法,临床应用作一介绍。     

Embedding complex hydrology in the regional climate system – Dynamic coupling across different modelling domains

To improve our understanding of the impacts of feedback between the atmosphere and the terrestrial water cycle including groundwater and to improve the integration of water resource management modelling for climate adaption we have developed a dynamically coupled climate–hydrological modelling system. The OpenMI modelling interface is used to couple a comprehensive hydrological modelling system, MIKE SHE running on personal computers, and a regional climate modelling system, HIRHAM running on a high performance computing platform. The coupled model enables two-way interaction between the atmosphere and the groundwater via the land surface and can represent the lateral movement of water in both the surface and subsurface and their interactions, not normally accounted for in climate models. Meso-scale processes are important for climate in general and rainfall in particular. Hydrological impacts are assessed at the catchment scale, the most important scale for water management. Feedback between groundwater, the land surface and the atmosphere occurs across a range of scales. Recognising this, the coupling was developed to allow dynamic exchange of water and energy at the catchment scale embedded within a larger meso-scale modelling domain. We present the coupling methodology used and describe the challenges in representing the exchanges between models and across scales. The coupled model is applied to one-way and two-way coupled simulations for a managed groundwater-dominated catchment, the Skjern River, Denmark. These coupled model simulations are evaluated against field observations and then compared with uncoupled climate and hydrological model simulations. Exploratory simulations show significant differences, particularly in the summer for precipitation and evapotranspiration the coupled model including groundwater and the RCM where groundwater is neglected. However, the resulting differences in the net precipitation and the catchment runoff in this groundwater dominated catchment were small. The need for further decadal scale simulations to understand the differences and insensitivity is highlighted.     

海南省填海造地分级管控与管理研究

近年来海南省沿海地区掀起海洋开发热潮,通过填海造地拓展经济社会发展空间成为海南省作为海洋大省发挥区位优势和国际旅游岛战略优势的手段之一,但随着填海造地项目的增加也给海洋资源环境带来巨大压力。文章提出应对填海造地规模实行总量控制,对填海造地工程进行分区分级管理,划定禁止填海区、严格限制填海区和允许适度填海区,并提出填海造地管理措施,以期为海南省填海造地提供管控和管理依据。